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/*
* Copyright 2019-2023 John A. De Goes and the ZIO Contributors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package zio.test
import zio._
import zio.internal.stacktracer.Tracer
import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
import java.io.IOException
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
import java.time.{Instant, LocalDateTime, OffsetDateTime, ZoneId}
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
import scala.collection.immutable.SortedSet
/**
* `TestClock` makes it easy to deterministically and efficiently test effects
* involving the passage of time.
*
* Instead of waiting for actual time to pass, `sleep` and methods implemented
* in terms of it schedule effects to take place at a given clock time. Users
* can adjust the clock time using the `adjust` and `setTime` methods, and all
* effects scheduled to take place on or before that time will automatically be
* run in order.
*
* For example, here is how we can test `ZIO#timeout` using `TestClock`:
*
* {{{
* import zio.ZIO
* import zio.test.TestClock
*
* for {
* fiber <- ZIO.sleep(5.minutes).timeout(1.minute).fork
* _ <- TestClock.adjust(1.minute)
* result <- fiber.join
* } yield result == None
* }}}
*
* Note how we forked the fiber that `sleep` was invoked on. Calls to `sleep`
* and methods derived from it will semantically block until the time is set to
* on or after the time they are scheduled to run. If we didn't fork the fiber
* on which we called sleep we would never get to set the time on the line
* below. Thus, a useful pattern when using `TestClock` is to fork the effect
* being tested, then adjust the clock time, and finally verify that the
* expected effects have been performed.
*
* For example, here is how we can test an effect that recurs with a fixed
* delay:
*
* {{{
* import zio.Queue
* import zio.test.TestClock
*
* for {
* q <- Queue.unbounded[Unit]
* _ <- q.offer(()).delay(60.minutes).forever.fork
* a <- q.poll.map(_.isEmpty)
* _ <- TestClock.adjust(60.minutes)
* b <- q.take.as(true)
* c <- q.poll.map(_.isEmpty)
* _ <- TestClock.adjust(60.minutes)
* d <- q.take.as(true)
* e <- q.poll.map(_.isEmpty)
* } yield a && b && c && d && e
* }}}
*
* Here we verify that no effect is performed before the recurrence period, that
* an effect is performed after the recurrence period, and that the effect is
* performed exactly once. The key thing to note here is that after each
* recurrence the next recurrence is scheduled to occur at the appropriate time
* in the future, so when we adjust the clock by 60 minutes exactly one value is
* placed in the queue, and when we adjust the clock by another 60 minutes
* exactly one more value is placed in the queue.
*/
trait TestClock extends Clock with Restorable {
def adjust(duration: Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit]
def adjustWith[R, E, A](duration: Duration)(zio: ZIO[R, E, A])(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[R, E, A]
def setTime(instant: Instant)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit]
def setTimeZone(zone: ZoneId)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit]
def sleeps(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[List[Instant]]
def timeZone(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[ZoneId]
}
object TestClock extends Serializable {
final case class Test(
clockState: Ref.Atomic[TestClock.Data],
live: Live,
annotations: Annotations,
warningState: Ref.Synchronized[TestClock.WarningData],
suspendedWarningState: Ref.Synchronized[TestClock.SuspendedWarningData]
) extends TestClock
with TestClockPlatformSpecific {
/**
* Increments the current clock time by the specified duration. Any effects
* that were scheduled to occur on or before the new time will be run in
* order.
*/
def adjust(duration: Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
warningDone *> run(_.plus(duration))
/**
* Increments the current clock time by the specified duration. Any effects
* that were scheduled to occur on or before the new time will be run in
* order.
*/
def adjustWith[R, E, A](duration: Duration)(zio: ZIO[R, E, A])(implicit trace: Trace): ZIO[R, E, A] =
zio <& adjust(duration)
/**
* Returns the current clock time as an `OffsetDateTime`.
*/
def currentDateTime(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[OffsetDateTime] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.currentDateTime()(Unsafe.unsafe))
/**
* Returns the current clock time in the specified time unit.
*/
def currentTime(unit: => TimeUnit)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Long] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.currentTime(unit)(Unsafe.unsafe))
def currentTime(unit: => ChronoUnit)(implicit trace: Trace, d: DummyImplicit): UIO[Long] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.currentTime(unit)(Unsafe.unsafe))
/**
* Returns the current clock time in nanoseconds.
*/
def nanoTime(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Long] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.nanoTime()(Unsafe.unsafe))
/**
* Returns the current clock time as an `Instant`.
*/
def instant(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Instant] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.instant()(Unsafe.unsafe))
/**
* Constructs a `java.time.Clock` backed by the `Clock` service.
*/
def javaClock(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[java.time.Clock] = {
final case class JavaClock(clockState: Ref.Atomic[TestClock.Data], zoneId: ZoneId) extends java.time.Clock {
def getZone(): ZoneId =
zoneId
def instant(): Instant =
clockState.unsafe.get(Unsafe.unsafe).instant
override def withZone(zoneId: ZoneId): JavaClock =
copy(zoneId = zoneId)
}
clockState.get.map(data => JavaClock(clockState, data.timeZone))
}
/**
* Returns the current clock time as a `LocalDateTime`.
*/
def localDateTime(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[LocalDateTime] =
warningStart *> ZIO.succeed(unsafe.localDateTime()(Unsafe.unsafe))
/**
* Saves the `TestClock`'s current state in an effect which, when run, will
* restore the `TestClock` state to the saved state
*/
def save(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[UIO[Unit]] =
for {
clockData <- clockState.get
} yield clockState.set(clockData)
/**
* Sets the current clock time to the specified `Instant`. Any effects that
* were scheduled to occur on or before the new time will be run in order.
*/
def setTime(instant: Instant)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
warningDone *> run(_ => instant)
/**
* Sets the time zone to the specified time zone. The clock time in terms of
* nanoseconds since the epoch will not be adjusted and no scheduled effects
* will be run as a result of this method.
*/
def setTimeZone(zone: ZoneId)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
clockState.update(_.copy(timeZone = zone))
/**
* Semantically blocks the current fiber until the clock time is equal to or
* greater than the specified duration. Once the clock time is adjusted to
* on or after the duration, the fiber will automatically be resumed.
*/
def sleep(duration: => Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
for {
promise <- Promise.make[Nothing, Unit]
shouldAwait <- clockState.modify { data =>
val end = data.instant.plus(duration)
if (end.isAfter(data.instant))
(true, data.copy(sleeps = (end, promise) :: data.sleeps))
else
(false, data)
}
_ <- if (shouldAwait) warningStart *> promise.await else promise.succeed(())
} yield ()
/**
* Returns a list of the times at which all queued effects are scheduled to
* resume.
*/
def sleeps(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[List[Instant]] =
clockState.get.map(_.sleeps.map(_._1))
/**
* Returns the time zone.
*/
def timeZone(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[ZoneId] =
clockState.get.map(_.timeZone)
override val unsafe: UnsafeAPI =
new UnsafeAPI {
override def currentTime(unit: TimeUnit)(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): Long =
unit.convert(clockState.unsafe.get.instant.toEpochMilli, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
override def currentTime(unit: ChronoUnit)(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): Long =
unit.between(Instant.EPOCH, clockState.unsafe.get.instant)
override def currentDateTime()(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): OffsetDateTime = {
val data = clockState.unsafe.get
OffsetDateTime.ofInstant(data.instant, data.timeZone)
}
override def instant()(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): Instant =
clockState.unsafe.get.instant
override def localDateTime()(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): LocalDateTime = {
val data = clockState.unsafe.get
LocalDateTime.ofInstant(data.instant, data.timeZone)
}
override def nanoTime()(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): Long =
currentTime(ChronoUnit.NANOS)
}
/**
* Cancels the warning message that is displayed if a test is advancing the
* `TestClock` but a fiber is not suspending.
*/
private[TestClock] def suspendedWarningDone(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
suspendedWarningState.updateSomeZIO[Any, Nothing] { case SuspendedWarningData.Pending(fiber) =>
fiber.interrupt.as(SuspendedWarningData.start)
}
/**
* Cancels the warning message that is displayed if a test is using time but
* is not advancing the `TestClock`.
*/
private[TestClock] def warningDone(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
warningState.updateSomeZIO[Any, Nothing] {
case WarningData.Start => ZIO.succeed(WarningData.done)
case WarningData.Pending(fiber) => fiber.interrupt.as(WarningData.done)
}
/**
* Polls until all descendants of this fiber are done or suspended.
*/
private def awaitSuspended(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
suspendedWarningStart *>
suspended
.zipWith(live.provide(ZIO.sleep(10.milliseconds)) *> suspended)(_ == _)
.filterOrFail(identity)(())
.eventually *>
suspendedWarningDone
/**
* Delays for a short period of time.
*/
private def delay(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
live.provide(ZIO.sleep(5.milliseconds))
/**
* Captures a "snapshot" of the identifier and status of all fibers in this
* test other than the current fiber. Fails with the `Unit` value if any of
* these fibers are not done or suspended. Note that because we cannot
* synchronize on the status of multiple fibers at the same time this
* snapshot may not be fully consistent.
*/
private def freeze(implicit trace: Trace): IO[Unit, Map[FiberId, Fiber.Status]] =
supervisedFibers.flatMap { fibers =>
ZIO.foldLeft(fibers)(Map.empty[FiberId, Fiber.Status]) { (map, fiber) =>
fiber.status.flatMap {
case done @ Fiber.Status.Done => ZIO.succeed(map.updated(fiber.id, done))
case suspended @ Fiber.Status.Suspended(_, _, _) => ZIO.succeed(map.updated(fiber.id, suspended))
case _ => ZIO.fail(())
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a set of all fibers in this test.
*/
def supervisedFibers(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[SortedSet[Fiber.Runtime[Any, Any]]] =
ZIO.descriptorWith { descriptor =>
annotations.get(TestAnnotation.fibers).flatMap {
case Left(_) => ZIO.succeed(SortedSet.empty[Fiber.Runtime[Any, Any]])
case Right(refs) =>
ZIO
.foreach(refs)(ref => ZIO.succeed(ref.get))
.map(_.foldLeft(SortedSet.empty[Fiber.Runtime[Any, Any]])(_ ++ _))
.map(_.filter(_.id != descriptor.id))
}
}
/**
* Runs all effects scheduled to occur on or before the specified instant,
* which may depend on the current time, in order.
*/
private def run(f: Instant => Instant)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
awaitSuspended *>
clockState.modify { data =>
val end = f(data.instant)
data.sleeps.sortBy(_._1) match {
case (instant, promise) :: sleeps if !end.isBefore(instant) =>
(Some((end, promise)), Data(instant, sleeps, data.timeZone))
case _ => (None, Data(end, data.sleeps, data.timeZone))
}
}.flatMap {
case None => ZIO.unit
case Some((end, promise)) =>
promise.succeed(()) *>
ZIO.yieldNow *>
run(_ => end)
}
/**
* Returns whether all descendants of this fiber are done or suspended.
*/
private def suspended(implicit trace: Trace): IO[Unit, Map[FiberId, Fiber.Status]] =
freeze.zip(delay *> freeze).flatMap { case (first, last) =>
if (first == last) ZIO.succeed(first)
else ZIO.fail(())
}
/**
* Forks a fiber that will display a warning message if a test is advancing
* the `TestClock` but a fiber is not suspending.
*/
private def suspendedWarningStart(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
suspendedWarningState.updateSomeZIO { case SuspendedWarningData.Start =>
for {
fiber <- live.provide {
ZIO
.logWarning(suspendedWarning)
.zipRight(suspendedWarningState.set(SuspendedWarningData.done))
.delay(5.seconds)
}.interruptible.fork
} yield SuspendedWarningData.pending(fiber)
}
/**
* Forks a fiber that will display a warning message if a test is using time
* but is not advancing the `TestClock`.
*/
private def warningStart(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
warningState.updateSomeZIO { case WarningData.Start =>
for {
fiber <- live
.provide(ZIO.logWarning(warning).delay(5.seconds))
.interruptible
.fork
.onExecutor(Runtime.defaultExecutor)
} yield WarningData.pending(fiber)
}
}
/**
* Constructs a new `Test` object that implements the `TestClock` interface.
* This can be useful for mixing in with implementations of other interfaces.
*/
def live(
data: Data
)(implicit
trace: Trace
): ZLayer[Annotations with Live, Nothing, TestClock] =
ZLayer.scoped {
for {
live <- ZIO.service[Live]
annotations <- ZIO.service[Annotations]
clockState <- ZIO.succeed(Ref.unsafe.make(data)(Unsafe.unsafe))
warningState <- Ref.Synchronized.make(WarningData.start)
suspendedWarningState <- Ref.Synchronized.make(SuspendedWarningData.start)
test = Test(clockState, live, annotations, warningState, suspendedWarningState)
_ <- ZIO.withClockScoped(test)
_ <- ZIO.addFinalizer(test.warningDone *> test.suspendedWarningDone)
} yield test
}
val any: ZLayer[TestClock, Nothing, TestClock] =
ZLayer.environment[TestClock](Tracer.newTrace)
val default: ZLayer[Live with Annotations, Nothing, TestClock] =
live(Data(Instant.EPOCH, Nil, ZoneId.of("UTC")))(Tracer.newTrace)
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment and increments the time
* by the specified duration, running any actions scheduled for on or before
* the new time in order.
*/
def adjust(duration: => Duration)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
testClockWith(_.adjust(duration))
def adjustWith[R, E, A](duration: => Duration)(zio: ZIO[R, E, A])(implicit
trace: Trace
): ZIO[R, E, A] =
testClockWith(_.adjustWith(duration)(zio))
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment and saves the clock
* state in an effect which, when run, will restore the `TestClock` to the
* saved state.
*/
def save(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[UIO[Unit]] =
testClockWith(_.save)
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment and sets the clock time
* to the specified `Instant`, running any actions scheduled for on or before
* the new time in order.
*/
def setTime(instant: => Instant)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
testClockWith(_.setTime(instant))
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment, setting the time zone
* to the specified time zone. The clock time in terms of nanoseconds since
* the epoch will not be altered and no scheduled actions will be run as a
* result of this effect.
*/
def setTimeZone(zone: => ZoneId)(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[Unit] =
testClockWith(_.setTimeZone(zone))
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment and returns a list of
* times that effects are scheduled to run.
*/
def sleeps(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[List[Instant]] =
testClockWith(_.sleeps)
/**
* Accesses a `TestClock` instance in the environment and returns the current
* time zone.
*/
def timeZone(implicit trace: Trace): UIO[ZoneId] =
testClockWith(_.timeZone)
/**
* `Data` represents the state of the `TestClock`, including the clock time
* and time zone.
*/
final case class Data(
instant: Instant,
sleeps: List[(Instant, Promise[Nothing, Unit])],
timeZone: ZoneId
)
/**
* `Sleep` represents the state of a scheduled effect, including the time the
* effect is scheduled to run, a promise that can be completed to resume
* execution of the effect, and the fiber executing the effect.
*/
final case class Sleep(duration: Duration, promise: Promise[Nothing, Unit], fiberId: FiberId)
/**
* `WarningData` describes the state of the warning message that is displayed
* if a test is using time by is not advancing the `TestClock`. The possible
* states are `Start` if a test has not used time, `Pending` if a test has
* used time but has not adjusted the `TestClock`, and `Done` if a test has
* adjusted the `TestClock` or the warning message has already been displayed.
*/
sealed abstract class WarningData
object WarningData {
case object Start extends WarningData
final case class Pending(fiber: Fiber[IOException, Unit]) extends WarningData
case object Done extends WarningData
/**
* State indicating that a test has not used time.
*/
val start: WarningData = Start
/**
* State indicating that a test has used time but has not adjusted the
* `TestClock` with a reference to the fiber that will display the warning
* message.
*/
def pending(fiber: Fiber[IOException, Unit]): WarningData = Pending(fiber)
/**
* State indicating that a test has used time or the warning message has
* already been displayed.
*/
val done: WarningData = Done
}
sealed abstract class SuspendedWarningData
object SuspendedWarningData {
case object Start extends SuspendedWarningData
final case class Pending(fiber: Fiber[IOException, Unit]) extends SuspendedWarningData
case object Done extends SuspendedWarningData
/**
* State indicating that a test has not adjusted the clock.
*/
val start: SuspendedWarningData = Start
/**
* State indicating that a test has adjusted the clock but a fiber is still
* running with a reference to the fiber that will display the warning
* message.
*/
def pending(fiber: Fiber[IOException, Unit]): SuspendedWarningData = Pending(fiber)
/**
* State indicating that the warning message has already been displayed.
*/
val done: SuspendedWarningData = Done
}
/**
* The warning message that will be displayed if a test is using time but is
* not advancing the `TestClock`.
*/
private val warning =
"Warning: A test is using time, but is not advancing the test clock, " +
"which may result in the test hanging. Use TestClock.adjust to " +
"manually advance the time."
/**
* The warning message that will be displayed if a test is advancing the clock
* but a fiber is still running.
*/
private val suspendedWarning =
"Warning: A test is advancing the test clock, but a fiber is not " +
"suspending, which may result in the test hanging. Use " +
"TestAspect.diagnose to identity the fiber that is not suspending."
}
