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/*
* Copyright 2019-2024 John A. De Goes and the ZIO Contributors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package zio.stm
import zio.stacktracer.TracingImplicits.disableAutoTrace
import zio.stm.ZSTM.internal._
import zio.{Chunk, ChunkBuilder, NonEmptyChunk, Unsafe}
/**
* Transactional map implemented on top of [[TRef]] and [[TArray]]. Resolves
* conflicts via chaining.
*/
final class TMap[K, V] private (
private val tBuckets: TRef[TArray[List[(K, V)]]],
private val tSize: TRef[Int]
) {
/**
* Tests whether or not map contains a key.
*/
def contains(k: K): USTM[Boolean] =
get(k).map(_.isDefined)
/**
* Tests if the map is empty or not
*/
def isEmpty: USTM[Boolean] =
tSize.get.map(_ == 0)
/**
* Removes binding for given key.
*/
def delete(k: K): USTM[Unit] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val idx = TMap.indexOf(k, buckets.array.length)
val bucket = buckets.array(idx).unsafeGet(journal)
val (toRemove, toRetain) = bucket.partition(_._1 == k)
if (toRemove.nonEmpty) {
val currSize = tSize.unsafeGet(journal)
buckets.array(idx).unsafeSet(journal, toRetain)
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, currSize - 1)
}
()
}
/**
* Deletes all entries associated with the specified keys.
*/
def deleteAll(ks: Iterable[K]): USTM[Unit] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
ks.foreach { k =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val idx = TMap.indexOf(k, buckets.array.length)
val bucket = buckets.array(idx).unsafeGet(journal)
val (toRemove, toRetain) = bucket.partition(_._1 == k)
if (toRemove.nonEmpty) {
val currSize = tSize.unsafeGet(journal)
buckets.array(idx).unsafeSet(journal, toRetain)
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, currSize - 1)
}
}
}
/**
* Finds the key/value pair matching the specified predicate, and uses the
* provided function to extract a value out of it.
*/
def find[A](pf: PartialFunction[(K, V), A]): USTM[Option[A]] =
findSTM {
case kv if pf.isDefinedAt(kv) => STM.succeedNow(pf(kv))
case _ => STM.fail(None)
}
/**
* Finds the key/value pair matching the specified predicate, and uses the
* provided effectful function to extract a value out of it.
*/
def findSTM[R, E, A](f: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, Option[E], A]): ZSTM[R, E, Option[A]] =
foldSTM[R, E, Option[A]](Option.empty[A]) {
case (None, (k, v)) =>
f(k, v).foldSTM(_.fold[STM[E, Option[A]]](STM.none)(STM.fail(_)), STM.some(_))
case (other, _) => STM.succeedNow(other)
}
/**
* Finds all the key/value pairs matching the specified predicate, and uses
* the provided function to extract values out them.
*/
def findAll[A](pf: PartialFunction[(K, V), A]): USTM[Chunk[A]] =
findAllSTM {
case kv if pf.isDefinedAt(kv) => STM.succeedNow(pf(kv))
case _ => STM.fail(None)
}
/**
* Finds all the key/value pairs matching the specified predicate, and uses
* the provided effectful function to extract values out of them..
*/
def findAllSTM[R, E, A](pf: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, Option[E], A]): ZSTM[R, E, Chunk[A]] =
foldSTM(Chunk.empty: Chunk[A]) { case (acc, kv) =>
pf(kv._1, kv._2).foldSTM(
{
case None => STM.succeedNow(acc)
case Some(e) => STM.fail(e)
},
a => STM.succeedNow(acc :+ a)
)
}
/**
* Atomically folds using a pure function.
*/
def fold[A](zero: A)(op: (A, (K, V)) => A): USTM[A] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
var res = zero
var i = 0
while (i < buckets.array.length) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i)
val items = bucket.unsafeGet(journal)
res = items.foldLeft(res)(op)
i += 1
}
res
}
/**
* Atomically folds using a transactional function.
*/
def foldSTM[R, E, A](zero: A)(op: (A, (K, V)) => ZSTM[R, E, A]): ZSTM[R, E, A] =
toChunk.flatMap(ZSTM.foldLeft(_)(zero)(op))
/**
* Atomically performs transactional-effect for each binding present in map.
*/
def foreach[R, E](f: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, E, Unit]): ZSTM[R, E, Unit] =
foldSTM(())((_, kv) => f(kv._1, kv._2))
/**
* Retrieves value associated with given key.
*/
def get(k: K): USTM[Option[V]] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val idx = TMap.indexOf(k, buckets.array.length)
val bucket = buckets.array(idx).unsafeGet(journal)
bucket.find(_._1 == k).map(_._2)
}
/**
* Retrieves value associated with given key or default value, in case the key
* isn't present.
*/
def getOrElse(k: K, default: => V): USTM[V] =
get(k).map(_.getOrElse(default))
/**
* Retrieves value associated with given key or transactional default value,
* in case the key isn't present.
*/
def getOrElseSTM[R, E](k: K, default: => ZSTM[R, E, V]): ZSTM[R, E, V] =
get(k).flatMap(_.fold(default)(STM.succeedNow))
/**
* Collects all keys stored in map.
*/
def keys: USTM[List[K]] =
toList.map(_.map(_._1))
/**
* If the key `k` is not already associated with a value, stores the provided
* value, otherwise merge the existing value with the new one using function
* `f` and store the result
*/
def merge(k: K, v: V)(f: (V, V) => V): USTM[V] =
get(k).flatMap(_.fold(put(k, v).as(v)) { v0 =>
val v1 = f(v0, v)
put(k, v1).as(v1)
})
/**
* If the key `k` is not already associated with a value, stores the provided
* value, otherwise merge the existing value with the new one using
* transactional function `f` and store the result
*/
def mergeSTM[R, E](k: K, v: V)(f: (V, V) => ZSTM[R, E, V]): ZSTM[R, E, V] =
get(k).flatMap {
case None => put(k, v).as(v)
case Some(v0) => f(v0, v).flatMap(v1 => put(k, v1).as(v1))
}
/**
* Stores new binding into the map.
*/
def put(k: K, v: V): USTM[Unit] = {
def resize(journal: Journal, buckets: TArray[List[(K, V)]]): Unit = {
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val newCapacity = capacity << 1
val newBuckets = Array.fill[List[(K, V)]](newCapacity)(Nil)
var i = 0
while (i < capacity) {
val pairs = buckets.array(i).unsafeGet(journal)
val it = pairs.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val pair = it.next()
val idx = TMap.indexOf(pair._1, newCapacity)
newBuckets(idx) = pair :: newBuckets(idx)
}
i += 1
}
// insert new pair
val newIdx = TMap.indexOf(k, newCapacity)
newBuckets(newIdx) = (k, v) :: newBuckets(newIdx)
val newArray = Array.ofDim[TRef[List[(K, V)]]](newCapacity)
i = 0
while (i < newCapacity) {
newArray(i) = TRef.unsafeMake(newBuckets(i))
i += 1
}
tBuckets.unsafeSet(journal, new TArray(newArray))
}
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val idx = TMap.indexOf(k, capacity)
val bucket = buckets.array(idx).unsafeGet(journal)
val shouldUpdate = bucket.exists(_._1 == k)
if (shouldUpdate) {
val newBucket = bucket.map(kv => if (kv._1 == k) (k, v) else kv)
buckets.array(idx).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
} else {
val newSize = tSize.unsafeGet(journal) + 1
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
if (capacity * TMap.LoadFactor < newSize) resize(journal, buckets)
else {
val newBucket = (k, v) :: bucket
buckets.array(idx).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
}
}
()
}
}
/**
* Stores new binding in the map if it does not already exist.
*/
def putIfAbsent(k: K, v: V): USTM[Unit] =
get(k).flatMap(_.fold(put(k, v))(_ => STM.unit))
/**
* Removes bindings matching predicate and returns the removed entries.
*/
def removeIf(p: (K, V) => Boolean): USTM[Chunk[(K, V)]] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val f = p.tupled
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
var i = 0
var newSize = 0
val removed = ChunkBuilder.make[(K, V)]()
while (i < capacity) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i).unsafeGet(journal)
var newBucket = List.empty[(K, V)]
val it = bucket.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val pair = it.next()
if (!f(pair)) {
newBucket = pair :: newBucket
newSize += 1
} else {
removed += pair
}
}
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
i += 1
}
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
removed.result()
}
/**
* Removes bindings matching predicate.
*/
def removeIfDiscard(p: (K, V) => Boolean): USTM[Unit] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val f = p.tupled
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
var i = 0
var newSize = 0
while (i < capacity) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i).unsafeGet(journal)
var newBucket = List.empty[(K, V)]
val it = bucket.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val pair = it.next()
if (!f(pair)) {
newBucket = pair :: newBucket
newSize += 1
}
}
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
i += 1
}
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
()
}
/**
* Retains bindings matching predicate and returns removed bindings.
*/
def retainIf(p: (K, V) => Boolean): USTM[Chunk[(K, V)]] =
removeIf(!p(_, _))
/**
* Retains bindings matching predicate.
*/
def retainIfDiscard(p: (K, V) => Boolean): USTM[Unit] =
removeIfDiscard(!p(_, _))
/**
* Returns the number of bindings.
*/
val size: USTM[Int] =
tSize.get
/**
* Takes the first matching value, or retries until there is one.
*/
def takeFirst[A](pf: PartialFunction[(K, V), A]): USTM[A] =
ZSTM
.Effect[Any, Nothing, Option[A]] { (journal, _, _) =>
var result = Option.empty[A]
val size = tSize.unsafeGet(journal)
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val isDefinedAt = (t: (K, V)) => pf.isDefinedAt(t)
var i = 0
while (i < capacity && (result == None)) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i).unsafeGet(journal)
val recreate = bucket.exists(isDefinedAt)
if (recreate) {
var newBucket = List.empty[(K, V)]
val it = bucket.iterator
while (it.hasNext && (result == None)) {
val pair = it.next()
if (isDefinedAt(pair) && result == None) {
result = Some(pf(pair))
} else {
newBucket = pair :: newBucket
}
}
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
}
i += 1
}
if (result != None) tSize.unsafeSet(journal, size - 1)
result
}
.collect { case Some(value) => value }
def takeFirstSTM[R, E, A](pf: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, Option[E], A]): ZSTM[R, E, A] =
findSTM { case (k, v) =>
pf(k, v).map(a => k -> a)
}.collect { case Some(value) =>
value
}.flatMap(kv => delete(kv._1).as(kv._2))
/**
* Takes all matching values, or retries until there is at least one.
*/
def takeSome[A](pf: PartialFunction[(K, V), A]): USTM[NonEmptyChunk[A]] =
ZSTM
.Effect[Any, Nothing, Option[NonEmptyChunk[A]]] { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val chunkBuilder = ChunkBuilder.make[A]()
val isDefinedAt = (t: (K, V)) => pf.isDefinedAt(t)
var i = 0
var newSize = 0
while (i < capacity) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i).unsafeGet(journal)
val recreate = bucket.exists(isDefinedAt)
if (recreate) {
var newBucket = List.empty[(K, V)]
val it = bucket.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val pair = it.next()
if (pf.isDefinedAt(pair)) {
chunkBuilder += pf(pair)
} else {
newBucket = pair :: newBucket
newSize += 1
}
}
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBucket)
} else {
newSize += bucket.length
}
i += 1
}
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
NonEmptyChunk.fromChunk(chunkBuilder.result())
}
.collect { case Some(value) => value }
/**
* Takes all matching values, or retries until there is at least one.
*/
def takeSomeSTM[R, E, A](pf: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, Option[E], A]): ZSTM[R, E, NonEmptyChunk[A]] =
findAllSTM { case (k, v) =>
pf(k, v).map(a => k -> a)
}.map(NonEmptyChunk.fromChunk(_))
.collect { case Some(value) =>
value
}
.flatMap(both => deleteAll(both.map(_._1)).as(both.map(_._2)))
/**
* Collects all bindings into a list.
*/
def toList: USTM[List[(K, V)]] =
fold(List.empty[(K, V)])((acc, kv) => kv :: acc)
/**
* Collects all bindings into a chunk.
*/
def toChunk: USTM[Chunk[(K, V)]] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val size = tSize.unsafeGet(journal)
var i = 0
val builder = ChunkBuilder.make[(K, V)](size)
while (i < capacity) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i)
builder ++= bucket.unsafeGet(journal)
i += 1
}
builder.result()
}
/**
* Collects all bindings into a map.
*/
def toMap: USTM[Map[K, V]] =
fold(Map.empty[K, V])(_ + _)
/**
* Atomically updates all bindings using a pure function.
*/
def transform(f: (K, V) => (K, V)): USTM[Unit] =
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val g = f.tupled
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val newBuckets = Array.fill[List[(K, V)]](capacity)(Nil)
var newSize = 0
var i = 0
while (i < capacity) {
val bucket = buckets.array(i)
val pairs = bucket.unsafeGet(journal)
val it = pairs.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val newPair = g(it.next())
val idx = TMap.indexOf(newPair._1, capacity)
val newBucket = newBuckets(idx)
if (!newBucket.exists(_._1 == newPair._1)) {
newBuckets(idx) = newPair :: newBucket
newSize += 1
}
}
i += 1
}
i = 0
while (i < capacity) {
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBuckets(i))
i += 1
}
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
()
}
/**
* Atomically updates all bindings using a transactional function.
*/
def transformSTM[R, E](f: (K, V) => ZSTM[R, E, (K, V)]): ZSTM[R, E, Unit] =
toChunk.flatMap { data =>
val g = f.tupled
ZSTM.foreach(data)(g).flatMap { newData =>
ZSTM.Effect { (journal, _, _) =>
val buckets = tBuckets.unsafeGet(journal)
val capacity = buckets.array.length
val newBuckets = Array.fill[List[(K, V)]](capacity)(Nil)
var newSize = 0
val it = newData.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val newPair = it.next()
val idx = TMap.indexOf(newPair._1, capacity)
val newBucket = newBuckets(idx)
if (!newBucket.exists(_._1 == newPair._1)) {
newBuckets(idx) = newPair :: newBucket
newSize += 1
}
}
var i = 0
while (i < capacity) {
buckets.array(i).unsafeSet(journal, newBuckets(i))
i += 1
}
tSize.unsafeSet(journal, newSize)
()
}
}
}
/**
* Atomically updates all values using a pure function.
*/
def transformValues(f: V => V): USTM[Unit] =
transform((k, v) => k -> f(v))
/**
* Atomically updates all values using a transactional function.
*/
def transformValuesSTM[R, E](f: V => ZSTM[R, E, V]): ZSTM[R, E, Unit] =
transformSTM((k, v) => f(v).map(k -> _))
/**
* Updates the mapping for the specified key with the specified function,
* which takes the current value of the key as an input, if it exists, and
* either returns `Some` with a new value to indicate to update the value in
* the map or `None` to remove the value from the map. Returns `Some` with the
* updated value or `None` if the value was removed from the map.
*/
def updateWith(k: K)(f: Option[V] => Option[V]): USTM[Option[V]] =
get(k).flatMap(f(_).fold[USTM[Option[V]]](delete(k).as(None))(v => put(k, v).as(Some(v))))
/**
* Updates the mapping for the specified key with the specified transactional
* function, which takes the current value of the key as an input, if it
* exists, and either returns `Some` with a new value to indicate to update
* the value in the map or `None` to remove the value from the map. Returns
* `Some` with the updated value or `None` if the value was removed from the
* map.
*/
def updateWithSTM[R, E](k: K)(f: Option[V] => ZSTM[R, E, Option[V]]): ZSTM[R, E, Option[V]] =
get(k).flatMap(f).flatMap {
case None => delete(k).as(None)
case Some(v) => put(k, v).as(Some(v))
}
/**
* Collects all values stored in map.
*/
def values: USTM[List[V]] =
toList.map(_.map(_._2))
}
object TMap {
/**
* Makes an empty `TMap`.
*/
def empty[K, V]: USTM[TMap[K, V]] =
fromIterable(Nil)
/**
* Makes a new `TMap` initialized with provided iterable.
*/
def fromIterable[K, V](data: => Iterable[(K, V)]): USTM[TMap[K, V]] =
make(data.toSeq: _*)
/**
* Makes a new `TMap` that is initialized with specified values.
*/
def make[K, V](data: (K, V)*): USTM[TMap[K, V]] =
ZSTM.succeed(unsafe.make(data: _*)(Unsafe.unsafe))
object unsafe {
def make[K, V](data: (K, V)*)(implicit unsafe: Unsafe): TMap[K, V] = {
val size = data.size
val capacity = if (size < InitialCapacity) InitialCapacity else nextPowerOfTwo(size)
val buckets = Array.fill[List[(K, V)]](capacity)(Nil)
val distinct = data.toMap
val it = distinct.iterator
while (it.hasNext) {
val kv = it.next()
val idx = indexOf(kv._1, capacity)
buckets(idx) = kv :: buckets(idx)
}
val tArray = TArray.unsafe.make(buckets: _*)
val tBuckets = TRef.unsafe.make(tArray)
val tSize = TRef.unsafe.make(size)
new TMap(tBuckets, tSize)
}
}
private def hash[K](k: K): Int = {
val h = k.hashCode()
h ^ (h >>> 16)
}
private def indexOf[K](k: K, capacity: Int): Int = hash(k) & (capacity - 1)
private def nextPowerOfTwo(size: Int): Int = {
val n = -1 >>> Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(size - 1)
if (n < 0) 1 else n + 1
}
private final val InitialCapacity = 16
private final val LoadFactor = 0.75
}
