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/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec;

import static org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.join;
import static org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils.stringifyException;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FsShell;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.ConfVars;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ProtectMode;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.TableType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.Warehouse;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.AlreadyExistsException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Database;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.FieldSchema;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectPrivilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectRef;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.HiveObjectType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Index;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.InvalidOperationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.MetaException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.NoSuchObjectException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Order;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrincipalType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrivilegeBag;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.PrivilegeGrantInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Role;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SerDeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SkewedInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.StorageDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Context;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.DriverContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.QueryPlan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.ArchiveUtils.PartSpecInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.ReadEntity;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.WriteEntity;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.merge.BlockMergeTask;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.merge.MergeWork;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveLock;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveLockManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveLockMode;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveLockObject;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveLockObject.HiveLockObjectData;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.CheckResult;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveMetaStoreChecker;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveStorageHandler;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.InvalidTableException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Partition;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.formatting.JsonMetaDataFormatter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.formatting.MetaDataFormatUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.formatting.MetaDataFormatter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.formatting.TextMetaDataFormatter;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.AlterTablePartMergeFilesDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.BaseSemanticAnalyzer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AddPartitionDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterDatabaseDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterIndexDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterTableAlterPartDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.AlterTableSimpleDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.CreateDatabaseDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.CreateIndexDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.CreateTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.CreateTableLikeDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.CreateViewDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DDLWork;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DescDatabaseDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DescFunctionDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DescTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DropDatabaseDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DropIndexDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.DropTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.GrantDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.GrantRevokeRoleDDL;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.LockTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.MsckDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.PartitionSpec;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.PrincipalDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.PrivilegeDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.PrivilegeObjectDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.RenamePartitionDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.RevokeDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.RoleDDLDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowColumnsDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowCreateTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowDatabasesDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowFunctionsDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowGrantDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowIndexesDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowLocksDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowPartitionsDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowTableStatusDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowTablesDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ShowTblPropertiesDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.SwitchDatabaseDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.TruncateTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.UnlockTableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.api.StageType;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.security.authorization.Privilege;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.serdeConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.Deserializer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.MetadataTypedColumnsetSerDe;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.columnar.ColumnarSerDe;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.dynamic_type.DynamicSerDe;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.HadoopShims;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.ShimLoader;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
import org.stringtemplate.v4.ST;

/**
 * DDLTask implementation.
 *
 **/
public class DDLTask extends Task implements Serializable {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog("hive.ql.exec.DDLTask");

  transient HiveConf conf;
  private static final int separator = Utilities.tabCode;
  private static final int terminator = Utilities.newLineCode;

  // These are suffixes attached to intermediate directory names used in the
  // archiving / un-archiving process.
  private static String INTERMEDIATE_ARCHIVED_DIR_SUFFIX;
  private static String INTERMEDIATE_ORIGINAL_DIR_SUFFIX;
  private static String INTERMEDIATE_EXTRACTED_DIR_SUFFIX;

  private MetaDataFormatter formatter;

  @Override
  public boolean requireLock() {
    return this.work != null && this.work.getNeedLock();
  }

  public DDLTask() {
    super();
  }

  @Override
  public void initialize(HiveConf conf, QueryPlan queryPlan, DriverContext ctx) {
    super.initialize(conf, queryPlan, ctx);
    this.conf = conf;

    // Pick the formatter to use to display the results.  Either the
    // normal human readable output or a json object.
    if ("json".equals(conf.get(
            HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_DDL_OUTPUT_FORMAT.varname, "text"))) {
      formatter = new JsonMetaDataFormatter();
    } else {
      formatter = new TextMetaDataFormatter(
                      conf.getIntVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.CLIPRETTYOUTPUTNUMCOLS));
    }

    INTERMEDIATE_ARCHIVED_DIR_SUFFIX =
      HiveConf.getVar(conf, ConfVars.METASTORE_INT_ARCHIVED);
    INTERMEDIATE_ORIGINAL_DIR_SUFFIX =
      HiveConf.getVar(conf, ConfVars.METASTORE_INT_ORIGINAL);
    INTERMEDIATE_EXTRACTED_DIR_SUFFIX =
      HiveConf.getVar(conf, ConfVars.METASTORE_INT_EXTRACTED);
  }

  @Override
  public int execute(DriverContext driverContext) {

    // Create the db
    Hive db;
    try {
      db = Hive.get(conf);

      CreateDatabaseDesc createDatabaseDesc = work.getCreateDatabaseDesc();
      if (null != createDatabaseDesc) {
        return createDatabase(db, createDatabaseDesc);
      }

      DropDatabaseDesc dropDatabaseDesc = work.getDropDatabaseDesc();
      if (dropDatabaseDesc != null) {
        return dropDatabase(db, dropDatabaseDesc);
      }

      SwitchDatabaseDesc switchDatabaseDesc = work.getSwitchDatabaseDesc();
      if (switchDatabaseDesc != null) {
        return switchDatabase(db, switchDatabaseDesc);
      }

      DescDatabaseDesc descDatabaseDesc = work.getDescDatabaseDesc();
      if (descDatabaseDesc != null) {
        return descDatabase(descDatabaseDesc);
      }

      AlterDatabaseDesc alterDatabaseDesc = work.getAlterDatabaseDesc();
      if (alterDatabaseDesc != null) {
        return alterDatabase(alterDatabaseDesc);
      }

      CreateTableDesc crtTbl = work.getCreateTblDesc();
      if (crtTbl != null) {
        return createTable(db, crtTbl);
      }

      CreateIndexDesc crtIndex = work.getCreateIndexDesc();
      if (crtIndex != null) {
        return createIndex(db, crtIndex);
      }

      AlterIndexDesc alterIndex = work.getAlterIndexDesc();
      if (alterIndex != null) {
        return alterIndex(db, alterIndex);
      }

      DropIndexDesc dropIdx = work.getDropIdxDesc();
      if (dropIdx != null) {
        return dropIndex(db, dropIdx);
      }

      CreateTableLikeDesc crtTblLike = work.getCreateTblLikeDesc();
      if (crtTblLike != null) {
        return createTableLike(db, crtTblLike);
      }

      DropTableDesc dropTbl = work.getDropTblDesc();
      if (dropTbl != null) {
        return dropTable(db, dropTbl);
      }

      AlterTableDesc alterTbl = work.getAlterTblDesc();
      if (alterTbl != null) {
        return alterTable(db, alterTbl);
      }

      CreateViewDesc crtView = work.getCreateViewDesc();
      if (crtView != null) {
        return createView(db, crtView);
      }

      AddPartitionDesc addPartitionDesc = work.getAddPartitionDesc();
      if (addPartitionDesc != null) {
        return addPartition(db, addPartitionDesc);
      }

      RenamePartitionDesc renamePartitionDesc = work.getRenamePartitionDesc();
      if (renamePartitionDesc != null) {
        return renamePartition(db, renamePartitionDesc);
      }

      AlterTableSimpleDesc simpleDesc = work.getAlterTblSimpleDesc();
      if (simpleDesc != null) {
        if (simpleDesc.getType() == AlterTableTypes.TOUCH) {
          return touch(db, simpleDesc);
        } else if (simpleDesc.getType() == AlterTableTypes.ARCHIVE) {
          return archive(db, simpleDesc, driverContext);
        } else if (simpleDesc.getType() == AlterTableTypes.UNARCHIVE) {
          return unarchive(db, simpleDesc);
        }
      }

      MsckDesc msckDesc = work.getMsckDesc();
      if (msckDesc != null) {
        return msck(db, msckDesc);
      }

      DescTableDesc descTbl = work.getDescTblDesc();
      if (descTbl != null) {
        return describeTable(db, descTbl);
      }

      DescFunctionDesc descFunc = work.getDescFunctionDesc();
      if (descFunc != null) {
        return describeFunction(descFunc);
      }

      ShowDatabasesDesc showDatabases = work.getShowDatabasesDesc();
      if (showDatabases != null) {
        return showDatabases(db, showDatabases);
      }

      ShowTablesDesc showTbls = work.getShowTblsDesc();
      if (showTbls != null) {
        return showTables(db, showTbls);
      }

      ShowColumnsDesc showCols = work.getShowColumnsDesc();
      if (showCols != null) {
        return showColumns(db, showCols);
      }

      ShowTableStatusDesc showTblStatus = work.getShowTblStatusDesc();
      if (showTblStatus != null) {
        return showTableStatus(db, showTblStatus);
      }

      ShowTblPropertiesDesc showTblProperties = work.getShowTblPropertiesDesc();
      if (showTblProperties != null) {
        return showTableProperties(db, showTblProperties);
      }

      ShowFunctionsDesc showFuncs = work.getShowFuncsDesc();
      if (showFuncs != null) {
        return showFunctions(showFuncs);
      }

      ShowLocksDesc showLocks = work.getShowLocksDesc();
      if (showLocks != null) {
        return showLocks(showLocks);
      }

      LockTableDesc lockTbl = work.getLockTblDesc();
      if (lockTbl != null) {
        return lockTable(lockTbl);
      }

      UnlockTableDesc unlockTbl = work.getUnlockTblDesc();
      if (unlockTbl != null) {
        return unlockTable(unlockTbl);
      }

      ShowPartitionsDesc showParts = work.getShowPartsDesc();
      if (showParts != null) {
        return showPartitions(db, showParts);
      }

      ShowCreateTableDesc showCreateTbl = work.getShowCreateTblDesc();
      if (showCreateTbl != null) {
        return showCreateTable(db, showCreateTbl);
      }

      RoleDDLDesc roleDDLDesc = work.getRoleDDLDesc();
      if (roleDDLDesc != null) {
        return roleDDL(roleDDLDesc);
      }

      GrantDesc grantDesc = work.getGrantDesc();
      if (grantDesc != null) {
        return grantOrRevokePrivileges(grantDesc.getPrincipals(), grantDesc
            .getPrivileges(), grantDesc.getPrivilegeSubjectDesc(), grantDesc.getGrantor(), grantDesc.getGrantorType(), grantDesc.isGrantOption(), true);
      }

      RevokeDesc revokeDesc = work.getRevokeDesc();
      if (revokeDesc != null) {
        return grantOrRevokePrivileges(revokeDesc.getPrincipals(), revokeDesc
            .getPrivileges(), revokeDesc.getPrivilegeSubjectDesc(), null, null, false, false);
      }

      ShowGrantDesc showGrantDesc = work.getShowGrantDesc();
      if (showGrantDesc != null) {
        return showGrants(showGrantDesc);
      }

      GrantRevokeRoleDDL grantOrRevokeRoleDDL = work.getGrantRevokeRoleDDL();
      if (grantOrRevokeRoleDDL != null) {
        return grantOrRevokeRole(grantOrRevokeRoleDDL);
      }

      ShowIndexesDesc showIndexes = work.getShowIndexesDesc();
      if (showIndexes != null) {
        return showIndexes(db, showIndexes);
      }

      AlterTablePartMergeFilesDesc mergeFilesDesc = work.getMergeFilesDesc();
      if (mergeFilesDesc != null) {
        return mergeFiles(db, mergeFilesDesc);
      }

      AlterTableAlterPartDesc alterPartDesc = work.getAlterTableAlterPartDesc();
      if(alterPartDesc != null) {
        return alterTableAlterPart(db, alterPartDesc);
      }

      TruncateTableDesc truncateTableDesc = work.getTruncateTblDesc();
      if (truncateTableDesc != null) {
        return truncateTable(db, truncateTableDesc);
      }

    } catch (InvalidTableException e) {
      formatter.consoleError(console, "Table " + e.getTableName() + " does not exist",
                             formatter.MISSING);
      LOG.debug(stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (AlreadyExistsException e) {
      formatter.consoleError(console, e.getMessage(), formatter.CONFLICT);
      return 1;
    } catch (NoSuchObjectException e) {
      formatter.consoleError(console, e.getMessage(),
                             "\n" + stringifyException(e),
                             formatter.MISSING);
      return 1;
    } catch (HiveException e) {
      formatter.consoleError(console,
                             "FAILED: Error in metadata: " + e.getMessage(),
                             "\n" + stringifyException(e),
                             formatter.ERROR);
      LOG.debug(stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      formatter.consoleError(console, "Failed with exception " + e.getMessage(),
                             "\n" + stringifyException(e),
                             formatter.ERROR);
      return (1);
    }
    assert false;
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * First, make sure the source table/partition is not
   * archived/indexes/non-rcfile. If either of these is true, throw an
   * exception.
   *
   * The way how it does the merge is to create a BlockMergeTask from the
   * mergeFilesDesc.
   *
   * @param db
   * @param mergeFilesDesc
   * @return
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  private int mergeFiles(Hive db, AlterTablePartMergeFilesDesc mergeFilesDesc)
      throws HiveException {
    // merge work only needs input and output.
    MergeWork mergeWork = new MergeWork(mergeFilesDesc.getInputDir(),
        mergeFilesDesc.getOutputDir(), mergeFilesDesc.getMergeMapperClass(),
        mergeFilesDesc.getMergeInputFormatClass());
    mergeWork.setListBucketingCtx(mergeFilesDesc.getLbCtx());
    mergeWork.resolveConcatenateMerge(db.getConf());
    mergeWork.setMapperCannotSpanPartns(true);
    DriverContext driverCxt = new DriverContext();
    BlockMergeTask taskExec = new BlockMergeTask();
    taskExec.initialize(db.getConf(), null, driverCxt);
    taskExec.setWork(mergeWork);
    taskExec.setQueryPlan(this.getQueryPlan());
    int ret = taskExec.execute(driverCxt);

    return ret;
  }

  private int grantOrRevokeRole(GrantRevokeRoleDDL grantOrRevokeRoleDDL)
      throws HiveException {
    try {
      boolean grantRole = grantOrRevokeRoleDDL.getGrant();
      List principals = grantOrRevokeRoleDDL.getPrincipalDesc();
      List roles = grantOrRevokeRoleDDL.getRoles();
      for (PrincipalDesc principal : principals) {
        String userName = principal.getName();
        for (String roleName : roles) {
          if (grantRole) {
            db.grantRole(roleName, userName, principal.getType(),
                grantOrRevokeRoleDDL.getGrantor(), grantOrRevokeRoleDDL
                    .getGrantorType(), grantOrRevokeRoleDDL.isGrantOption());
          } else {
            db.revokeRole(roleName, userName, principal.getType());
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private int showGrants(ShowGrantDesc showGrantDesc) throws HiveException {
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showGrantDesc.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);
      PrincipalDesc principalDesc = showGrantDesc.getPrincipalDesc();
      PrivilegeObjectDesc hiveObjectDesc = showGrantDesc.getHiveObj();
      String principalName = principalDesc.getName();
      if (hiveObjectDesc == null) {
        List users = db.showPrivilegeGrant(
            HiveObjectType.GLOBAL, principalName, principalDesc.getType(),
            null, null, null, null);
        if (users != null && users.size() > 0) {
          boolean first = true;
          for (HiveObjectPrivilege usr : users) {
            if (!first) {
              outStream.write(terminator);
            } else {
              first = false;
            }

            writeGrantInfo(outStream, principalDesc.getType(), principalName,
                null, null, null, null, usr.getGrantInfo());

          }
        }
      } else {
        String obj = hiveObjectDesc.getObject();
        boolean notFound = true;
        String dbName = null;
        String tableName = null;
        Table tableObj = null;
        Database dbObj = null;

        if (hiveObjectDesc.getTable()) {
          String[] dbTab = obj.split("\\.");
          if (dbTab.length == 2) {
            dbName = dbTab[0];
            tableName = dbTab[1];
          } else {
            dbName = db.getCurrentDatabase();
            tableName = obj;
          }
          dbObj = db.getDatabase(dbName);
          tableObj = db.getTable(dbName, tableName);
          notFound = (dbObj == null || tableObj == null);
        } else {
          dbName = hiveObjectDesc.getObject();
          dbObj = db.getDatabase(dbName);
          notFound = (dbObj == null);
        }
        if (notFound) {
          throw new HiveException(obj + " can not be found");
        }

        String partName = null;
        List partValues = null;
        if (hiveObjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null) {
          partName = Warehouse
              .makePartName(hiveObjectDesc.getPartSpec(), false);
          partValues = Warehouse.getPartValuesFromPartName(partName);
        }

        if (!hiveObjectDesc.getTable()) {
          // show database level privileges
          List dbs = db.showPrivilegeGrant(HiveObjectType.DATABASE, principalName,
              principalDesc.getType(), dbName, null, null, null);
          if (dbs != null && dbs.size() > 0) {
            boolean first = true;
            for (HiveObjectPrivilege db : dbs) {
              if (!first) {
                outStream.write(terminator);
              } else {
                first = false;
              }

              writeGrantInfo(outStream, principalDesc.getType(), principalName,
                  dbName, null, null, null, db.getGrantInfo());

            }
          }

        } else {
          if (showGrantDesc.getColumns() != null) {
            // show column level privileges
            for (String columnName : showGrantDesc.getColumns()) {
              List columnss = db.showPrivilegeGrant(
                  HiveObjectType.COLUMN, principalName,
                  principalDesc.getType(), dbName, tableName, partValues,
                  columnName);
              if (columnss != null && columnss.size() > 0) {
                boolean first = true;
                for (HiveObjectPrivilege col : columnss) {
                  if (!first) {
                    outStream.write(terminator);
                  } else {
                    first = false;
                  }

                  writeGrantInfo(outStream, principalDesc.getType(),
                      principalName, dbName, tableName, partName, columnName,
                      col.getGrantInfo());
                }
              }
            }
          } else if (hiveObjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null) {
            // show partition level privileges
            List parts = db.showPrivilegeGrant(
                HiveObjectType.PARTITION, principalName, principalDesc
                    .getType(), dbName, tableName, partValues, null);
            if (parts != null && parts.size() > 0) {
              boolean first = true;
              for (HiveObjectPrivilege part : parts) {
                if (!first) {
                  outStream.write(terminator);
                } else {
                  first = false;
                }

                writeGrantInfo(outStream, principalDesc.getType(),
                    principalName, dbName, tableName, partName, null, part.getGrantInfo());

              }
            }
          } else {
            // show table level privileges
            List tbls = db.showPrivilegeGrant(
                HiveObjectType.TABLE, principalName, principalDesc.getType(),
                dbName, tableName, null, null);
            if (tbls != null && tbls.size() > 0) {
              boolean first = true;
              for (HiveObjectPrivilege tbl : tbls) {
                if (!first) {
                  outStream.write(terminator);
                } else {
                  first = false;
                }

                writeGrantInfo(outStream, principalDesc.getType(),
                    principalName, dbName, tableName, null, null, tbl.getGrantInfo());

              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.info("show table status: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.info("show table status: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new HiveException(e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private int grantOrRevokePrivileges(List principals,
      List privileges, PrivilegeObjectDesc privSubjectDesc,
      String grantor, PrincipalType grantorType, boolean grantOption, boolean isGrant) {
    if (privileges == null || privileges.size() == 0) {
      console.printError("No privilege found.");
      return 1;
    }

    String dbName = null;
    String tableName = null;
    Table tableObj = null;
    Database dbObj = null;

    try {

      if (privSubjectDesc != null) {
        if (privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null && isGrant) {
          throw new HiveException("Grant does not support partition level.");
        }
        String obj = privSubjectDesc.getObject();
        boolean notFound = true;
        if (privSubjectDesc.getTable()) {
          String[] dbTab = obj.split("\\.");
          if (dbTab.length == 2) {
            dbName = dbTab[0];
            tableName = dbTab[1];
          } else {
            dbName = db.getCurrentDatabase();
            tableName = obj;
          }
          dbObj = db.getDatabase(dbName);
          tableObj = db.getTable(dbName, tableName);
          notFound = (dbObj == null || tableObj == null);
        } else {
          dbName = privSubjectDesc.getObject();
          dbObj = db.getDatabase(dbName);
          notFound = (dbObj == null);
        }
        if (notFound) {
          throw new HiveException(obj + " can not be found");
        }
      }

      PrivilegeBag privBag = new PrivilegeBag();
      if (privSubjectDesc == null) {
        for (int idx = 0; idx < privileges.size(); idx++) {
          Privilege priv = privileges.get(idx).getPrivilege();
          if (privileges.get(idx).getColumns() != null
              && privileges.get(idx).getColumns().size() > 0) {
            throw new HiveException(
                "For user-level privileges, column sets should be null. columns="
                    + privileges.get(idx).getColumns().toString());
          }

          privBag.addToPrivileges(new HiveObjectPrivilege(new HiveObjectRef(
              HiveObjectType.GLOBAL, null, null, null, null), null, null,
              new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.toString(), 0, grantor, grantorType,
                  grantOption)));
        }
      } else {
        org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Partition partObj = null;
        List partValues = null;
        if (tableObj != null) {
          if ((!tableObj.isPartitioned())
              && privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null) {
            throw new HiveException(
                "Table is not partitioned, but partition name is present: partSpec="
                    + privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec().toString());
          }

          if (privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null) {
            partObj = db.getPartition(tableObj, privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec(),
                false).getTPartition();
            partValues = partObj.getValues();
          }
        }

        for (PrivilegeDesc privDesc : privileges) {
          List columns = privDesc.getColumns();
          Privilege priv = privDesc.getPrivilege();
          if (columns != null && columns.size() > 0) {
            if (!priv.supportColumnLevel()) {
              throw new HiveException(priv.toString()
                  + " does not support column level.");
            }
            if (privSubjectDesc == null || tableName == null) {
              throw new HiveException(
                  "For user-level/database-level privileges, column sets should be null. columns="
                      + columns);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < columns.size(); i++) {
              privBag.addToPrivileges(new HiveObjectPrivilege(
                  new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.COLUMN, dbName, tableName,
                      partValues, columns.get(i)), null, null,  new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.toString(), 0, grantor, grantorType, grantOption)));
            }
          } else {
            if (privSubjectDesc.getTable()) {
              if (privSubjectDesc.getPartSpec() != null) {
                privBag.addToPrivileges(new HiveObjectPrivilege(
                    new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.PARTITION, dbName,
                        tableName, partValues, null), null, null,  new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.toString(), 0, grantor, grantorType, grantOption)));
              } else {
                privBag
                    .addToPrivileges(new HiveObjectPrivilege(
                        new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.TABLE, dbName,
                            tableName, null, null), null, null, new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.toString(), 0, grantor, grantorType, grantOption)));
              }
            } else {
              privBag.addToPrivileges(new HiveObjectPrivilege(
                  new HiveObjectRef(HiveObjectType.DATABASE, dbName, null,
                      null, null), null, null, new PrivilegeGrantInfo(priv.toString(), 0, grantor, grantorType, grantOption)));
            }
          }
        }
      }

      for (PrincipalDesc principal : principals) {
        for (int i = 0; i < privBag.getPrivileges().size(); i++) {
          HiveObjectPrivilege objPrivs = privBag.getPrivileges().get(i);
          objPrivs.setPrincipalName(principal.getName());
          objPrivs.setPrincipalType(principal.getType());
        }
        if (isGrant) {
          db.grantPrivileges(privBag);
        } else {
          db.revokePrivileges(privBag);
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      console.printError("Error: " + e.getMessage());
      return 1;
    }

    return 0;
  }

  private int roleDDL(RoleDDLDesc roleDDLDesc) {
    RoleDDLDesc.RoleOperation operation = roleDDLDesc.getOperation();
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      if (operation.equals(RoleDDLDesc.RoleOperation.CREATE_ROLE)) {
        db.createRole(roleDDLDesc.getName(), roleDDLDesc.getRoleOwnerName());
      } else if (operation.equals(RoleDDLDesc.RoleOperation.DROP_ROLE)) {
        db.dropRole(roleDDLDesc.getName());
      } else if (operation.equals(RoleDDLDesc.RoleOperation.SHOW_ROLE_GRANT)) {
        List roles = db.showRoleGrant(roleDDLDesc.getName(), roleDDLDesc
            .getPrincipalType());
        if (roles != null && roles.size() > 0) {
          Path resFile = new Path(roleDDLDesc.getResFile());
          FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
          outStream = fs.create(resFile);
          for (Role role : roles) {
            outStream.writeBytes("role name:" + role.getRoleName());
            outStream.write(terminator);
          }
          ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
          outStream = null;
        }
      } else {
        throw new HiveException("Unkown role operation "
            + operation.getOperationName());
      }
    } catch (HiveException e) {
      console.printError("Error in role operation "
          + operation.getOperationName() + " on role name "
          + roleDDLDesc.getName() + ", error message " + e.getMessage());
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.info("role ddl exception: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }

    return 0;
  }

  private int alterDatabase(AlterDatabaseDesc alterDbDesc) throws HiveException {

    String dbName = alterDbDesc.getDatabaseName();
    Database database = db.getDatabase(dbName);
    Map newParams = alterDbDesc.getDatabaseProperties();

    if (database != null) {
      Map params = database.getParameters();
      // if both old and new params are not null, merge them
      if (params != null && newParams != null) {
        params.putAll(newParams);
        database.setParameters(params);
      } else { // if one of them is null, replace the old params with the new one
        database.setParameters(newParams);
      }
      db.alterDatabase(database.getName(), database);
    } else {
      throw new HiveException("ERROR: The database " + dbName + " does not exist.");
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private int dropIndex(Hive db, DropIndexDesc dropIdx) throws HiveException {
    db.dropIndex(db.getCurrentDatabase(), dropIdx.getTableName(),
        dropIdx.getIndexName(), true);
    return 0;
  }

  private int createIndex(Hive db, CreateIndexDesc crtIndex) throws HiveException {

    if( crtIndex.getSerde() != null) {
      validateSerDe(crtIndex.getSerde());
    }

    db
        .createIndex(
        crtIndex.getTableName(), crtIndex.getIndexName(), crtIndex.getIndexTypeHandlerClass(),
        crtIndex.getIndexedCols(), crtIndex.getIndexTableName(), crtIndex.getDeferredRebuild(),
        crtIndex.getInputFormat(), crtIndex.getOutputFormat(), crtIndex.getSerde(),
        crtIndex.getStorageHandler(), crtIndex.getLocation(), crtIndex.getIdxProps(), crtIndex.getTblProps(),
        crtIndex.getSerdeProps(), crtIndex.getCollItemDelim(), crtIndex.getFieldDelim(), crtIndex.getFieldEscape(),
        crtIndex.getLineDelim(), crtIndex.getMapKeyDelim(), crtIndex.getIndexComment()
        );
    if (HiveUtils.getIndexHandler(conf, crtIndex.getIndexTypeHandlerClass()).usesIndexTable()) {
        String indexTableName =
            crtIndex.getIndexTableName() != null ? crtIndex.getIndexTableName() :
            MetaStoreUtils.getIndexTableName(db.getCurrentDatabase(),
            crtIndex.getTableName(), crtIndex.getIndexName());
        Table indexTable = db.getTable(indexTableName);
        work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(indexTable));
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private int alterIndex(Hive db, AlterIndexDesc alterIndex) throws HiveException {
    String dbName = alterIndex.getDbName();
    String baseTableName = alterIndex.getBaseTableName();
    String indexName = alterIndex.getIndexName();
    Index idx = db.getIndex(dbName, baseTableName, indexName);

    switch(alterIndex.getOp()) {
      case ADDPROPS:
        idx.getParameters().putAll(alterIndex.getProps());
        break;
      case UPDATETIMESTAMP:
        try {
          Map props = new HashMap();
          Map, Long> basePartTs = new HashMap, Long>();
          Table baseTbl = db.getTable(db.getCurrentDatabase(), baseTableName);
          if (baseTbl.isPartitioned()) {
            List baseParts;
            if (alterIndex.getSpec() != null) {
              baseParts = db.getPartitions(baseTbl, alterIndex.getSpec());
            } else {
              baseParts = db.getPartitions(baseTbl);
            }
            if (baseParts != null) {
              for (Partition p : baseParts) {
                FileSystem fs = p.getPartitionPath().getFileSystem(db.getConf());
                FileStatus fss = fs.getFileStatus(p.getPartitionPath());
                basePartTs.put(p.getSpec(), fss.getModificationTime());
              }
            }
          } else {
            FileSystem fs = baseTbl.getPath().getFileSystem(db.getConf());
            FileStatus fss = fs.getFileStatus(baseTbl.getPath());
            basePartTs.put(null, fss.getModificationTime());
          }
          for (Map spec : basePartTs.keySet()) {
            if (spec != null) {
              props.put(spec.toString(), basePartTs.get(spec).toString());
            } else {
              props.put("base_timestamp", basePartTs.get(null).toString());
            }
          }
          idx.getParameters().putAll(props);
        } catch (HiveException e) {
          throw new HiveException("ERROR: Failed to update index timestamps");
        } catch (IOException e) {
          throw new HiveException("ERROR: Failed to look up timestamps on filesystem");
        }

        break;
      default:
        console.printError("Unsupported Alter commnad");
        return 1;
    }

    // set last modified by properties
    if (!updateModifiedParameters(idx.getParameters(), conf)) {
      return 1;
    }

    try {
      db.alterIndex(dbName, baseTableName, indexName, idx);
    } catch (InvalidOperationException e) {
      console.printError("Invalid alter operation: " + e.getMessage());
      LOG.info("alter index: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (HiveException e) {
      console.printError("Invalid alter operation: " + e.getMessage());
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Add a partition to a table.
   *
   * @param db
   *          Database to add the partition to.
   * @param addPartitionDesc
   *          Add this partition.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  /**
   * Add a partition to a table.
   *
   * @param db
   *          Database to add the partition to.
   * @param addPartitionDesc
   *          Add this partition.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  private int addPartition(Hive db, AddPartitionDesc addPartitionDesc) throws HiveException {

    Table tbl = db.getTable(addPartitionDesc.getDbName(), addPartitionDesc.getTableName());

    // If the add partition was created with IF NOT EXISTS, then we should
    // not throw an error if the specified part does exist.
    Partition checkPart = db.getPartition(tbl, addPartitionDesc.getPartSpec(), false);
    if (checkPart != null && addPartitionDesc.getIfNotExists()) {
      return 0;
    }



    if (addPartitionDesc.getLocation() == null) {
      db.createPartition(tbl, addPartitionDesc.getPartSpec(), null,
          addPartitionDesc.getPartParams(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getInputFormat(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getOutputFormat(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getNumBuckets(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getCols(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSerializationLib(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSerdeParams(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getBucketCols(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSortCols());

    } else {
      if (tbl.isView()) {
        throw new HiveException("LOCATION clause illegal for view partition");
      }
      // set partition path relative to table
      db.createPartition(tbl, addPartitionDesc.getPartSpec(), new Path(tbl
                    .getPath(), addPartitionDesc.getLocation()), addPartitionDesc.getPartParams(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getInputFormat(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getOutputFormat(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getNumBuckets(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getCols(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSerializationLib(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSerdeParams(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getBucketCols(),
                    addPartitionDesc.getSortCols());
    }

    Partition part = db
        .getPartition(tbl, addPartitionDesc.getPartSpec(), false);
    work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(part));

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Rename a partition in a table
   *
   * @param db
   *          Database to rename the partition.
   * @param renamePartitionDesc
   *          rename old Partition to new one.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  private int renamePartition(Hive db, RenamePartitionDesc renamePartitionDesc) throws HiveException {

    Table tbl = db.getTable(renamePartitionDesc.getDbName(), renamePartitionDesc.getTableName());

    Partition oldPart = db.getPartition(tbl, renamePartitionDesc.getOldPartSpec(), false);
    Partition part = db.getPartition(tbl, renamePartitionDesc.getOldPartSpec(), false);
    part.setValues(renamePartitionDesc.getNewPartSpec());
    db.renamePartition(tbl, renamePartitionDesc.getOldPartSpec(), part);
    Partition newPart = db
        .getPartition(tbl, renamePartitionDesc.getNewPartSpec(), false);
    work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(oldPart));
    work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(newPart));
    return 0;
  }

  /**
  * Alter partition column type in a table
  *
  * @param db
  *          Database to rename the partition.
  * @param alterPartitionDesc
  *          change partition column type.
  * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
  * @throws HiveException
  */
  private int alterTableAlterPart(Hive db, AlterTableAlterPartDesc alterPartitionDesc)
    throws HiveException {

    Table tbl = db.getTable(alterPartitionDesc.getDbName(), alterPartitionDesc.getTableName());
    String tabName = alterPartitionDesc.getTableName();

    // This is checked by DDLSemanticAnalyzer
    assert(tbl.isPartitioned());

    List newPartitionKeys = new ArrayList();

    for(FieldSchema col : tbl.getTTable().getPartitionKeys()) {
      if (col.getName().compareTo(alterPartitionDesc.getPartKeySpec().getName()) == 0) {
        newPartitionKeys.add(alterPartitionDesc.getPartKeySpec());
      } else {
        newPartitionKeys.add(col);
      }
    }

    tbl.getTTable().setPartitionKeys(newPartitionKeys);

    try {
      db.alterTable(tabName, tbl);
    } catch (InvalidOperationException e) {
      throw new HiveException("Uable to update table");
    }

    work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(tbl));
    work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl));

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Rewrite the partition's metadata and force the pre/post execute hooks to
   * be fired.
   *
   * @param db
   * @param touchDesc
   * @return
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  private int touch(Hive db, AlterTableSimpleDesc touchDesc)
      throws HiveException {

    String dbName = touchDesc.getDbName();
    String tblName = touchDesc.getTableName();

    Table tbl = db.getTable(dbName, tblName);

    if (touchDesc.getPartSpec() == null) {
      try {
        db.alterTable(tblName, tbl);
      } catch (InvalidOperationException e) {
        throw new HiveException("Uable to update table");
      }
      work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(tbl));
      work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl));
    } else {
      Partition part = db.getPartition(tbl, touchDesc.getPartSpec(), false);
      if (part == null) {
        throw new HiveException("Specified partition does not exist");
      }
      try {
        db.alterPartition(tblName, part);
      } catch (InvalidOperationException e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
      work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(part));
      work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(part));
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Sets archiving flag locally; it has to be pushed into metastore
   * @param p partition to set flag
   * @param state desired state of IS_ARCHIVED flag
   * @param level desired level for state == true, anything for false
   */
  private void setIsArchived(Partition p, boolean state, int level) {
    Map params = p.getParameters();
    if (state) {
      params.put(org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.IS_ARCHIVED,
          "true");
      params.put(ArchiveUtils.ARCHIVING_LEVEL, Integer
          .toString(level));
    } else {
      params.remove(org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.IS_ARCHIVED);
      params.remove(ArchiveUtils.ARCHIVING_LEVEL);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns original partition of archived partition, null for unarchived one
   */
  private String getOriginalLocation(Partition p) {
    Map params = p.getParameters();
    return params.get(
        org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.ORIGINAL_LOCATION);
  }

  /**
   * Sets original location of partition which is to be archived
   */
  private void setOriginalLocation(Partition p, String loc) {
    Map params = p.getParameters();
    if (loc == null) {
      params.remove(org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.ORIGINAL_LOCATION);
    } else {
      params.put(org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.ORIGINAL_LOCATION, loc);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sets the appropriate attributes in the supplied Partition object to mark
   * it as archived. Note that the metastore is not touched - a separate
   * call to alter_partition is needed.
   *
   * @param p - the partition object to modify
   * @param harPath - new location of partition (har schema URI)
   */
  private void setArchived(Partition p, Path harPath, int level) {
    assert(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p) == false);
    setIsArchived(p, true, level);
    setOriginalLocation(p, p.getLocation());
    p.setLocation(harPath.toString());
  }

  /**
   * Sets the appropriate attributes in the supplied Partition object to mark
   * it as not archived. Note that the metastore is not touched - a separate
   * call to alter_partition is needed.
   *
   * @param p - the partition to modify
   */
  private void setUnArchived(Partition p) {
    assert(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p) == true);
    String parentDir = getOriginalLocation(p);
    setIsArchived(p, false, 0);
    setOriginalLocation(p, null);
    assert(parentDir != null);
    p.setLocation(parentDir);
  }

  private boolean pathExists(Path p) throws HiveException {
    try {
      FileSystem fs = p.getFileSystem(conf);
      return fs.exists(p);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
  }

  private void moveDir(FileSystem fs, Path from, Path to) throws HiveException {
    try {
      if (!fs.rename(from, to)) {
        throw new HiveException("Moving " + from + " to " + to + " failed!");
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
  }

  private void deleteDir(Path dir) throws HiveException {
    try {
      Warehouse wh = new Warehouse(conf);
      wh.deleteDir(dir, true);
    } catch (MetaException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks in partition is in custom (not-standard) location.
   * @param tbl - table in which partition is
   * @param p - partition
   * @return true if partition location is custom, false if it is standard
   */
  boolean partitionInCustomLocation(Table tbl, Partition p)
      throws HiveException {
    String subdir = null;
    try {
      subdir = Warehouse.makePartName(tbl.getPartCols(), p.getValues());
    } catch (MetaException e) {
      throw new HiveException("Unable to get partition's directory", e);
    }
    URI tableDir = tbl.getDataLocation();
    if(tableDir == null) {
      throw new HiveException("Table has no location set");
    }

    String standardLocation = (new Path(tableDir.toString(), subdir)).toString();
    if(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p)) {
      return !getOriginalLocation(p).equals(standardLocation);
    } else {
      return !p.getLocation().equals(standardLocation);
    }
  }

  private int archive(Hive db, AlterTableSimpleDesc simpleDesc,
      DriverContext driverContext)
      throws HiveException {
    String dbName = simpleDesc.getDbName();
    String tblName = simpleDesc.getTableName();

    Table tbl = db.getTable(dbName, tblName);

    if (tbl.getTableType() != TableType.MANAGED_TABLE) {
      throw new HiveException("ARCHIVE can only be performed on managed tables");
    }

    Map partSpec = simpleDesc.getPartSpec();
    PartSpecInfo partSpecInfo = PartSpecInfo.create(tbl, partSpec);
    List partitions = db.getPartitions(tbl, partSpec);

    Path originalDir = null;

    // when we have partial partitions specification we must assume partitions
    // lie in standard place - if they were in custom locations putting
    // them into one archive would involve mass amount of copying
    // in full partition specification case we allow custom locations
    // to keep backward compatibility
    if (partitions.isEmpty()) {
      throw new HiveException("No partition matches the specification");
    } else if(partSpecInfo.values.size() != tbl.getPartCols().size()) {
      // for partial specifications we need partitions to follow the scheme
      for(Partition p: partitions){
        if(partitionInCustomLocation(tbl, p)) {
          String message = String.format("ARCHIVE cannot run for partition " +
                      "groups with custom locations like %s", p.getLocation());
          throw new HiveException(message);
        }
      }
      originalDir = partSpecInfo.createPath(tbl);
    } else {
      Partition p = partitions.get(0);
      // partition can be archived if during recovery
      if(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p)) {
        originalDir = new Path(getOriginalLocation(p));
      } else {
        originalDir = p.getPartitionPath();
      }
    }

    Path intermediateArchivedDir = new Path(originalDir.getParent(),
        originalDir.getName() + INTERMEDIATE_ARCHIVED_DIR_SUFFIX);
    Path intermediateOriginalDir = new Path(originalDir.getParent(),
        originalDir.getName() + INTERMEDIATE_ORIGINAL_DIR_SUFFIX);

    console.printInfo("intermediate.archived is " + intermediateArchivedDir.toString());
    console.printInfo("intermediate.original is " + intermediateOriginalDir.toString());

    String archiveName = "data.har";
    FileSystem fs = null;
    try {
      fs = originalDir.getFileSystem(conf);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }

    URI archiveUri = (new Path(originalDir, archiveName)).toUri();
    URI originalUri = ArchiveUtils.addSlash(originalDir.toUri());
    ArchiveUtils.HarPathHelper harHelper = new ArchiveUtils.HarPathHelper(
        conf, archiveUri, originalUri);

    // we checked if partitions matching specification are marked as archived
    // in the metadata; if they are and their levels are the same as we would
    // set it later it means previous run failed and we have to do the recovery;
    // if they are different, we throw an error
    for(Partition p: partitions) {
      if(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p)) {
        if(ArchiveUtils.getArchivingLevel(p) != partSpecInfo.values.size()) {
          String name = ArchiveUtils.getPartialName(p, ArchiveUtils.getArchivingLevel(p));
          String m = String.format("Conflict with existing archive %s", name);
          throw new HiveException(m);
        } else {
          throw new HiveException("Partition(s) already archived");
        }
      }
    }

    boolean recovery = false;
    if (pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)
        || pathExists(intermediateOriginalDir)) {
      recovery = true;
      console.printInfo("Starting recovery after failed ARCHIVE");
    }

    // The following steps seem roundabout, but they are meant to aid in
    // recovery if a failure occurs and to keep a consistent state in the FS

    // Steps:
    // 1. Create the archive in a temporary folder
    // 2. Move the archive dir to an intermediate dir that is in at the same
    //    dir as the original partition dir. Call the new dir
    //    intermediate-archive.
    // 3. Rename the original partition dir to an intermediate dir. Call the
    //    renamed dir intermediate-original
    // 4. Rename intermediate-archive to the original partition dir
    // 5. Change the metadata
    // 6. Delete the original partition files in intermediate-original

    // The original partition files are deleted after the metadata change
    // because the presence of those files are used to indicate whether
    // the original partition directory contains archived or unarchived files.

    // Create an archived version of the partition in a directory ending in
    // ARCHIVE_INTERMEDIATE_DIR_SUFFIX that's the same level as the partition,
    // if it does not already exist. If it does exist, we assume the dir is good
    // to use as the move operation that created it is atomic.
    HadoopShims shim = ShimLoader.getHadoopShims();
    if (!pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir) &&
        !pathExists(intermediateOriginalDir)) {

      // First create the archive in a tmp dir so that if the job fails, the
      // bad files don't pollute the filesystem
      Path tmpPath = new Path(driverContext.getCtx()
                    .getExternalTmpFileURI(originalDir.toUri()), "partlevel");

      console.printInfo("Creating " + archiveName +
                        " for " + originalDir.toString());
      console.printInfo("in " + tmpPath);
      console.printInfo("Please wait... (this may take a while)");

      // Create the Hadoop archive
      int ret=0;
      try {
        int maxJobNameLen = conf.getIntVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVEJOBNAMELENGTH);
        String jobname = String.format("Archiving %s@%s",
          tbl.getTableName(), partSpecInfo.getName());
        jobname = Utilities.abbreviate(jobname, maxJobNameLen - 6);
        conf.setVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.HADOOPJOBNAME, jobname);
        ret = shim.createHadoopArchive(conf, originalDir, tmpPath, archiveName);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
      if (ret != 0) {
        throw new HiveException("Error while creating HAR");
      }

      // Move from the tmp dir to an intermediate directory, in the same level as
      // the partition directory. e.g. .../hr=12-intermediate-archived
      try {
        console.printInfo("Moving " + tmpPath + " to " + intermediateArchivedDir);
        if (pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)) {
          throw new HiveException("The intermediate archive directory already exists.");
        }
        fs.rename(tmpPath, intermediateArchivedDir);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new HiveException("Error while moving tmp directory");
      }
    } else {
      if (pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)) {
        console.printInfo("Intermediate archive directory " + intermediateArchivedDir +
        " already exists. Assuming it contains an archived version of the partition");
      }
    }

    // If we get to here, we know that we've archived the partition files, but
    // they may be in the original partition location, or in the intermediate
    // original dir.

    // Move the original parent directory to the intermediate original directory
    // if the move hasn't been made already
    if (!pathExists(intermediateOriginalDir)) {
      console.printInfo("Moving " + originalDir + " to " +
          intermediateOriginalDir);
      moveDir(fs, originalDir, intermediateOriginalDir);
    } else {
      console.printInfo(intermediateOriginalDir + " already exists. " +
          "Assuming it contains the original files in the partition");
    }

    // If there's a failure from here to when the metadata is updated,
    // there will be no data in the partition, or an error while trying to read
    // the partition (if the archive files have been moved to the original
    // partition directory.) But re-running the archive command will allow
    // recovery

    // Move the intermediate archived directory to the original parent directory
    if (!pathExists(originalDir)) {
      console.printInfo("Moving " + intermediateArchivedDir + " to " +
          originalDir);
      moveDir(fs, intermediateArchivedDir, originalDir);
    } else {
      console.printInfo(originalDir + " already exists. " +
          "Assuming it contains the archived version of the partition");
    }

    // Record this change in the metastore
    try {
      for(Partition p: partitions) {
        URI originalPartitionUri = ArchiveUtils.addSlash(p.getPartitionPath().toUri());
        URI test = p.getPartitionPath().toUri();
        URI harPartitionDir = harHelper.getHarUri(originalPartitionUri, shim);
        Path harPath = new Path(harPartitionDir.getScheme(),
            harPartitionDir.getAuthority(),
            harPartitionDir.getPath()); // make in Path to ensure no slash at the end
        setArchived(p, harPath, partSpecInfo.values.size());
        db.alterPartition(tblName, p);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException("Unable to change the partition info for HAR", e);
    }

    // If a failure occurs here, the directory containing the original files
    // will not be deleted. The user will run ARCHIVE again to clear this up
    if(pathExists(intermediateOriginalDir)) {
      deleteDir(intermediateOriginalDir);
    }

    if(recovery) {
      console.printInfo("Recovery after ARCHIVE succeeded");
    }

    return 0;
  }

  private int unarchive(Hive db, AlterTableSimpleDesc simpleDesc)
      throws HiveException {
    String dbName = simpleDesc.getDbName();
    String tblName = simpleDesc.getTableName();

    Table tbl = db.getTable(dbName, tblName);

    // Means user specified a table, not a partition
    if (simpleDesc.getPartSpec() == null) {
      throw new HiveException("UNARCHIVE is for partitions only");
    }

    if (tbl.getTableType() != TableType.MANAGED_TABLE) {
      throw new HiveException("UNARCHIVE can only be performed on managed tables");
    }

    Map partSpec = simpleDesc.getPartSpec();
    PartSpecInfo partSpecInfo = PartSpecInfo.create(tbl, partSpec);
    List partitions = db.getPartitions(tbl, partSpec);

    int partSpecLevel = partSpec.size();

    Path originalDir = null;

    // when we have partial partitions specification we must assume partitions
    // lie in standard place - if they were in custom locations putting
    // them into one archive would involve mass amount of copying
    // in full partition specification case we allow custom locations
    // to keep backward compatibility
    if (partitions.isEmpty()) {
      throw new HiveException("No partition matches the specification");
    } else if(partSpecInfo.values.size() != tbl.getPartCols().size()) {
      // for partial specifications we need partitions to follow the scheme
      for(Partition p: partitions){
        if(partitionInCustomLocation(tbl, p)) {
          String message = String.format("UNARCHIVE cannot run for partition " +
                      "groups with custom locations like %s", p.getLocation());
          throw new HiveException(message);
        }
      }
      originalDir = partSpecInfo.createPath(tbl);
    } else {
      Partition p = partitions.get(0);
      if(ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p)) {
        originalDir = new Path(getOriginalLocation(p));
      } else {
        originalDir = new Path(p.getLocation());
      }
    }

    URI originalUri = ArchiveUtils.addSlash(originalDir.toUri());
    Path intermediateArchivedDir = new Path(originalDir.getParent(),
        originalDir.getName() + INTERMEDIATE_ARCHIVED_DIR_SUFFIX);
    Path intermediateExtractedDir = new Path(originalDir.getParent(),
        originalDir.getName() + INTERMEDIATE_EXTRACTED_DIR_SUFFIX);
    boolean recovery = false;
    if(pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir) || pathExists(intermediateExtractedDir)) {
      recovery = true;
      console.printInfo("Starting recovery after failed UNARCHIVE");
    }

    for(Partition p: partitions) {
      checkArchiveProperty(partSpecLevel, recovery, p);
    }

    String archiveName = "data.har";
    FileSystem fs = null;
    try {
      fs = originalDir.getFileSystem(conf);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }

    // assume the archive is in the original dir, check if it exists
    Path archivePath = new Path(originalDir, archiveName);
    URI archiveUri = archivePath.toUri();
    ArchiveUtils.HarPathHelper harHelper = new ArchiveUtils.HarPathHelper(conf,
        archiveUri, originalUri);
    HadoopShims shim = ShimLoader.getHadoopShims();
    URI sourceUri = harHelper.getHarUri(originalUri, shim);
    Path sourceDir = new Path(sourceUri.getScheme(), sourceUri.getAuthority(), sourceUri.getPath());

    if(!pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir) && !pathExists(archivePath)) {
      throw new HiveException("Haven't found any archive where it should be");
    }

    Path tmpPath = new Path(driverContext
          .getCtx()
          .getExternalTmpFileURI(originalDir.toUri()));

    try {
      fs = tmpPath.getFileSystem(conf);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    }

    // Some sanity checks
    if (originalDir == null) {
      throw new HiveException("Missing archive data in the partition");
    }

    // Clarification of terms:
    // - The originalDir directory represents the original directory of the
    //   partitions' files. They now contain an archived version of those files
    //   eg. hdfs:/warehouse/myTable/ds=1/
    // - The source directory is the directory containing all the files that
    //   should be in the partitions. e.g. har:/warehouse/myTable/ds=1/myTable.har/
    //   Note the har:/ scheme

    // Steps:
    // 1. Extract the archive in a temporary folder
    // 2. Move the archive dir to an intermediate dir that is in at the same
    //    dir as originalLocation. Call the new dir intermediate-extracted.
    // 3. Rename the original partitions dir to an intermediate dir. Call the
    //    renamed dir intermediate-archive
    // 4. Rename intermediate-extracted to the original partitions dir
    // 5. Change the metadata
    // 6. Delete the archived partitions files in intermediate-archive

    if (!pathExists(intermediateExtractedDir) &&
        !pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)) {
      try {

        // Copy the files out of the archive into the temporary directory
        String copySource = sourceDir.toString();
        String copyDest = tmpPath.toString();
        List args = new ArrayList();
        args.add("-cp");
        args.add(copySource);
        args.add(copyDest);

        console.printInfo("Copying " + copySource + " to " + copyDest);
        FileSystem srcFs = FileSystem.get(sourceDir.toUri(), conf);
        srcFs.initialize(sourceDir.toUri(), conf);

        FsShell fss = new FsShell(conf);
        int ret = 0;
        try {
          ret = ToolRunner.run(fss, args.toArray(new String[0]));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          throw new HiveException(e);
        }

        if (ret != 0) {
          throw new HiveException("Error while copying files from archive, return code=" + ret);
        } else {
          console.printInfo("Succefully Copied " + copySource + " to " + copyDest);
        }

        console.printInfo("Moving " + tmpPath + " to " + intermediateExtractedDir);
        if (fs.exists(intermediateExtractedDir)) {
          throw new HiveException("Invalid state: the intermediate extracted " +
              "directory already exists.");
        }
        fs.rename(tmpPath, intermediateExtractedDir);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
    }

    // At this point, we know that the extracted files are in the intermediate
    // extracted dir, or in the the original directory.

    if (!pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)) {
      try {
        console.printInfo("Moving " + originalDir + " to " + intermediateArchivedDir);
        fs.rename(originalDir, intermediateArchivedDir);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
    } else {
      console.printInfo(intermediateArchivedDir + " already exists. " +
      "Assuming it contains the archived version of the partition");
    }

    // If there is a failure from here to until when the metadata is changed,
    // the partition will be empty or throw errors on read.

    // If the original location exists here, then it must be the extracted files
    // because in the previous step, we moved the previous original location
    // (containing the archived version of the files) to intermediateArchiveDir
    if (!pathExists(originalDir)) {
      try {
        console.printInfo("Moving " + intermediateExtractedDir + " to " + originalDir);
        fs.rename(intermediateExtractedDir, originalDir);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
    } else {
      console.printInfo(originalDir + " already exists. " +
      "Assuming it contains the extracted files in the partition");
    }

    for(Partition p: partitions) {
      setUnArchived(p);
      try {
        db.alterPartition(tblName, p);
      } catch (InvalidOperationException e) {
        throw new HiveException(e);
      }
    }

    // If a failure happens here, the intermediate archive files won't be
    // deleted. The user will need to call unarchive again to clear those up.
    if(pathExists(intermediateArchivedDir)) {
      deleteDir(intermediateArchivedDir);
    }

    if(recovery) {
      console.printInfo("Recovery after UNARCHIVE succeeded");
    }

    return 0;
  }

  private void checkArchiveProperty(int partSpecLevel,
      boolean recovery, Partition p) throws HiveException {
    if (!ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p) && !recovery) {
      throw new HiveException("Partition " + p.getName()
          + " is not archived.");
    }
    int archiveLevel = ArchiveUtils.getArchivingLevel(p);
    if (partSpecLevel > archiveLevel) {
      throw new HiveException("Partition " + p.getName()
          + " is archived at level " + archiveLevel
          + ", and given partspec only has " + partSpecLevel
          + " specs.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * MetastoreCheck, see if the data in the metastore matches what is on the
   * dfs. Current version checks for tables and partitions that are either
   * missing on disk on in the metastore.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param msckDesc
   *          Information about the tables and partitions we want to check for.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   */
  private int msck(Hive db, MsckDesc msckDesc) {
    CheckResult result = new CheckResult();
    List repairOutput = new ArrayList();
    try {
      HiveMetaStoreChecker checker = new HiveMetaStoreChecker(db);
      Table t = db.newTable(msckDesc.getTableName());
      checker.checkMetastore(t.getDbName(), t.getTableName(), msckDesc.getPartSpecs(), result);
      if (msckDesc.isRepairPartitions()) {
        Table table = db.getTable(msckDesc.getTableName());
        for (CheckResult.PartitionResult part : result.getPartitionsNotInMs()) {
          try {
            db.createPartition(table, Warehouse.makeSpecFromName(part
                .getPartitionName()));
            repairOutput.add("Repair: Added partition to metastore "
                + msckDesc.getTableName() + ':' + part.getPartitionName());
          } catch (Exception e) {
            LOG.warn("Repair error, could not add partition to metastore: ", e);
          }
        }
      }
    } catch (HiveException e) {
      LOG.warn("Failed to run metacheck: ", e);
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("Failed to run metacheck: ", e);
      return 1;
    } finally {
      BufferedWriter resultOut = null;
      try {
        Path resFile = new Path(msckDesc.getResFile());
        FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
        resultOut = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(fs
            .create(resFile)));

        boolean firstWritten = false;
        firstWritten |= writeMsckResult(result.getTablesNotInMs(),
            "Tables not in metastore:", resultOut, firstWritten);
        firstWritten |= writeMsckResult(result.getTablesNotOnFs(),
            "Tables missing on filesystem:", resultOut, firstWritten);
        firstWritten |= writeMsckResult(result.getPartitionsNotInMs(),
            "Partitions not in metastore:", resultOut, firstWritten);
        firstWritten |= writeMsckResult(result.getPartitionsNotOnFs(),
            "Partitions missing from filesystem:", resultOut, firstWritten);
        for (String rout : repairOutput) {
          if (firstWritten) {
            resultOut.write(terminator);
          } else {
            firstWritten = true;
          }
          resultOut.write(rout);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        LOG.warn("Failed to save metacheck output: ", e);
        return 1;
      } finally {
        if (resultOut != null) {
          try {
            resultOut.close();
          } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.warn("Failed to close output file: ", e);
            return 1;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write the result of msck to a writer.
   *
   * @param result
   *          The result we're going to write
   * @param msg
   *          Message to write.
   * @param out
   *          Writer to write to
   * @param wrote
   *          if any previous call wrote data
   * @return true if something was written
   * @throws IOException
   *           In case the writing fails
   */
  private boolean writeMsckResult(List result, String msg,
      Writer out, boolean wrote) throws IOException {

    if (!result.isEmpty()) {
      if (wrote) {
        out.write(terminator);
      }

      out.write(msg);
      for (Object entry : result) {
        out.write(separator);
        out.write(entry.toString());
      }
      return true;
    }

    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of partitions to a file.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param showParts
   *          These are the partitions we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showPartitions(Hive db, ShowPartitionsDesc showParts) throws HiveException {
    // get the partitions for the table and populate the output
    String tabName = showParts.getTabName();
    Table tbl = null;
    List parts = null;

    tbl = db.getTable(tabName);

    if (!tbl.isPartitioned()) {
      formatter.consoleError(console,
                             "Table " + tabName + " is not a partitioned table",
                             formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    }
    if (showParts.getPartSpec() != null) {
      parts = db.getPartitionNames(tbl.getDbName(),
          tbl.getTableName(), showParts.getPartSpec(), (short) -1);
    } else {
      parts = db.getPartitionNames(tbl.getDbName(), tbl.getTableName(), (short) -1);
    }

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutputStream outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showParts.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      formatter.showTablePartitons(outStream, parts);

      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show partitions: " + stringifyException(e),
                          MetaDataFormatter.ERROR);
        return 1;
      } catch (IOException e) {
        formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show partitions: " + stringifyException(e),
                          MetaDataFormatter.ERROR);
        return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a statement of how to create a table to a file.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param showCreateTbl
   *          This is the table we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showCreateTable(Hive db, ShowCreateTableDesc showCreateTbl) throws HiveException {
    // get the create table statement for the table and populate the output
    final String EXTERNAL = "external";
    final String LIST_COLUMNS = "columns";
    final String TBL_COMMENT = "tbl_comment";
    final String LIST_PARTITIONS = "partitions";
    final String SORT_BUCKET = "sort_bucket";
    final String ROW_FORMAT = "row_format";
    final String TBL_LOCATION = "tbl_location";
    final String TBL_PROPERTIES = "tbl_properties";

    String tableName = showCreateTbl.getTableName();
    Table tbl = db.getTable(tableName, false);
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    List duplicateProps = new ArrayList();
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showCreateTbl.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      if (tbl.isView()) {
        String createTab_stmt = "CREATE VIEW " + tableName + " AS " + tbl.getViewExpandedText();
        outStream.writeBytes(createTab_stmt.toString());
        ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
        outStream = null;
        return 0;
      }

      ST createTab_stmt = new ST("CREATE <" + EXTERNAL + "> TABLE " +
          tableName + "(\n" +
          "<" + LIST_COLUMNS + ">)\n" +
          "<" + TBL_COMMENT + ">\n" +
          "<" + LIST_PARTITIONS + ">\n" +
          "<" + SORT_BUCKET + ">\n" +
          "<" + ROW_FORMAT + ">\n" +
          "LOCATION\n" +
          "<" + TBL_LOCATION + ">\n" +
          "TBLPROPERTIES (\n" +
          "<" + TBL_PROPERTIES + ">)\n");

      // For cases where the table is external
      String tbl_external = "";
      if (tbl.getTableType() == TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE) {
        duplicateProps.add("EXTERNAL");
        tbl_external = "EXTERNAL";
      }

      // Columns
      String tbl_columns = "";
      List cols = tbl.getCols();
      List columns = new ArrayList();
      for (FieldSchema col : cols) {
        String columnDesc = "  " + col.getName() + " " + col.getType();
        if (col.getComment() != null) {
          columnDesc = columnDesc + " COMMENT '" + escapeHiveCommand(col.getComment()) + "'";
        }
        columns.add(columnDesc);
      }
      tbl_columns = StringUtils.join(columns, ", \n");

      // Table comment
      String tbl_comment = "";
      String tabComment = tbl.getProperty("comment");
      if (tabComment != null) {
        duplicateProps.add("comment");
        tbl_comment = "COMMENT '" + escapeHiveCommand(tabComment) + "'";
      }

      // Partitions
      String tbl_partitions = "";
      List partKeys = tbl.getPartitionKeys();
      if (partKeys.size() > 0) {
        tbl_partitions += "PARTITIONED BY ( \n";
        List partCols = new ArrayList();
        for (FieldSchema partKey : partKeys) {
          String partColDesc = "  " + partKey.getName() + " " + partKey.getType();
          if (partKey.getComment() != null) {
            partColDesc = partColDesc + " COMMENT '" +
                escapeHiveCommand(partKey.getComment()) + "'";
          }
          partCols.add(partColDesc);
        }
        tbl_partitions += StringUtils.join(partCols, ", \n");
        tbl_partitions += ")";
      }

      // Clusters (Buckets)
      String tbl_sort_bucket = "";
      List buckCols = tbl.getBucketCols();
      if (buckCols.size() > 0) {
        duplicateProps.add("SORTBUCKETCOLSPREFIX");
        tbl_sort_bucket += "CLUSTERED BY ( \n  ";
        tbl_sort_bucket += StringUtils.join(buckCols, ", \n  ");
        tbl_sort_bucket += ") \n";
        List sortCols = tbl.getSortCols();
        if (sortCols.size() > 0) {
          tbl_sort_bucket += "SORTED BY ( \n";
          // Order
          List sortKeys = new ArrayList();
          for (Order sortCol : sortCols) {
            String sortKeyDesc = "  " + sortCol.getCol() + " ";
            if (sortCol.getOrder() == BaseSemanticAnalyzer.HIVE_COLUMN_ORDER_ASC) {
              sortKeyDesc = sortKeyDesc + "ASC";
            }
            else if (sortCol.getOrder() == BaseSemanticAnalyzer.HIVE_COLUMN_ORDER_DESC) {
              sortKeyDesc = sortKeyDesc + "DESC";
            }
            sortKeys.add(sortKeyDesc);
          }
          tbl_sort_bucket += StringUtils.join(sortKeys, ", \n");
          tbl_sort_bucket += ") \n";
        }
        tbl_sort_bucket += "INTO " + tbl.getNumBuckets() + " BUCKETS";
      }

      // Row format (SerDe)
      String tbl_row_format = "";
      StorageDescriptor sd = tbl.getTTable().getSd();
      SerDeInfo serdeInfo = sd.getSerdeInfo();
      tbl_row_format += "ROW FORMAT";
      if (tbl.getStorageHandler() == null) {
        if (serdeInfo.getParametersSize() > 1) {
          // There is a "serialization.format" property by default,
          // even with a delimited row format.
          // But our result will only cover the following four delimiters.
          tbl_row_format += " DELIMITED \n";
          Map delims = serdeInfo.getParameters();
          // Warn:
          // If the four delimiters all exist in a CREATE TABLE query,
          // this following order needs to be strictly followed,
          // or the query will fail with a ParseException.
          if (delims.containsKey(serdeConstants.FIELD_DELIM)) {
            tbl_row_format += "  FIELDS TERMINATED BY '" +
                escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(delims.get(
                serdeConstants.FIELD_DELIM))) + "' \n";
          }
          if (delims.containsKey(serdeConstants.COLLECTION_DELIM)) {
            tbl_row_format += "  COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY '" +
                escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(delims.get(
                serdeConstants.COLLECTION_DELIM))) + "' \n";
          }
          if (delims.containsKey(serdeConstants.MAPKEY_DELIM)) {
            tbl_row_format += "  MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY '" +
                escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(delims.get(
                serdeConstants.MAPKEY_DELIM))) + "' \n";
          }
          if (delims.containsKey(serdeConstants.LINE_DELIM)) {
            tbl_row_format += "  LINES TERMINATED BY '" +
                escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(delims.get(
                serdeConstants.LINE_DELIM))) + "' \n";
          }
        }
        else {
          tbl_row_format += " SERDE \n  '" +
              escapeHiveCommand(serdeInfo.getSerializationLib()) + "' \n";
        }
        tbl_row_format += "STORED AS INPUTFORMAT \n  '" +
            escapeHiveCommand(sd.getInputFormat()) + "' \n";
        tbl_row_format += "OUTPUTFORMAT \n  '" +
            escapeHiveCommand(sd.getOutputFormat()) + "'";
      }
      else {
        duplicateProps.add(org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.META_TABLE_STORAGE);
        tbl_row_format += " SERDE \n  '" +
            escapeHiveCommand(serdeInfo.getSerializationLib()) + "' \n";
        tbl_row_format += "STORED BY \n  '" + escapeHiveCommand(tbl.getParameters().get(
            org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.META_TABLE_STORAGE)) + "' \n";
        // SerDe Properties
        if (serdeInfo.getParametersSize() > 0) {
          tbl_row_format += "WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ( \n";
          List serdeCols = new ArrayList();
          for (Map.Entry entry : serdeInfo.getParameters().entrySet()) {
            serdeCols.add("  '" + entry.getKey() + "'='"
                + escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(entry.getValue())) + "'");
          }
          tbl_row_format += StringUtils.join(serdeCols, ", \n");
          tbl_row_format += ")";
        }
      }
      String tbl_location = "  '" + escapeHiveCommand(sd.getLocation()) + "'";

      // Table properties
      String tbl_properties = "";
      Map properties = tbl.getParameters();
      if (properties.size() > 0) {
        List realProps = new ArrayList();
        for (String key : properties.keySet()) {
          if (properties.get(key) != null && !duplicateProps.contains(key)) {
            realProps.add("  '" + key + "'='" +
                escapeHiveCommand(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(properties.get(key))) + "'");
          }
        }
        tbl_properties += StringUtils.join(realProps, ", \n");
      }

      createTab_stmt.add(EXTERNAL, tbl_external);
      createTab_stmt.add(LIST_COLUMNS, tbl_columns);
      createTab_stmt.add(TBL_COMMENT, tbl_comment);
      createTab_stmt.add(LIST_PARTITIONS, tbl_partitions);
      createTab_stmt.add(SORT_BUCKET, tbl_sort_bucket);
      createTab_stmt.add(ROW_FORMAT, tbl_row_format);
      createTab_stmt.add(TBL_LOCATION, tbl_location);
      createTab_stmt.add(TBL_PROPERTIES, tbl_properties);

      outStream.writeBytes(createTab_stmt.render());
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.info("show create table: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.info("show create table: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of indexes to a file.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param showIndexes
   *          These are the indexes we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showIndexes(Hive db, ShowIndexesDesc showIndexes) throws HiveException {
    // get the indexes for the table and populate the output
    String tableName = showIndexes.getTableName();
    Table tbl = null;
    List indexes = null;

    tbl = db.getTable(tableName);

    indexes = db.getIndexes(tbl.getDbName(), tbl.getTableName(), (short) -1);

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showIndexes.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      if (showIndexes.isFormatted()) {
        // column headers
        outStream.writeBytes(MetaDataFormatUtils.getIndexColumnsHeader());
        outStream.write(terminator);
        outStream.write(terminator);
      }

      for (Index index : indexes)
      {
        outStream.writeBytes(MetaDataFormatUtils.getAllColumnsInformation(index));
      }

      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;

    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.info("show indexes: " + stringifyException(e));
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.info("show indexes: " + stringifyException(e));
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of the available databases to a file.
   *
   * @param showDatabases
   *          These are the databases we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showDatabases(Hive db, ShowDatabasesDesc showDatabasesDesc) throws HiveException {
    // get the databases for the desired pattern - populate the output stream
    List databases = null;
    if (showDatabasesDesc.getPattern() != null) {
      LOG.info("pattern: " + showDatabasesDesc.getPattern());
      databases = db.getDatabasesByPattern(showDatabasesDesc.getPattern());
    } else {
      databases = db.getAllDatabases();
    }
    LOG.info("results : " + databases.size());

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutputStream outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showDatabasesDesc.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      formatter.showDatabases(outStream, databases);
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show databases: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show databases: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of the tables in the database to a file.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param showTbls
   *          These are the tables we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showTables(Hive db, ShowTablesDesc showTbls) throws HiveException {
    // get the tables for the desired pattenn - populate the output stream
    List tbls = null;
    String dbName = showTbls.getDbName();

    if (!db.databaseExists(dbName)) {
      throw new HiveException("ERROR: The database " + dbName + " does not exist.");

    }
    if (showTbls.getPattern() != null) {
      LOG.info("pattern: " + showTbls.getPattern());
      tbls = db.getTablesByPattern(dbName, showTbls.getPattern());
      LOG.info("results : " + tbls.size());
    } else {
      tbls = db.getAllTables(dbName);
    }

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutputStream outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showTbls.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      SortedSet sortedTbls = new TreeSet(tbls);
      formatter.showTables(outStream, sortedTbls);
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show table: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream, "show table: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  public int showColumns(Hive db, ShowColumnsDesc showCols)
                         throws HiveException {

    String dbName = showCols.getDbName();
    String tableName = showCols.getTableName();
    Table table = null;
    if (dbName == null) {
      table = db.getTable(tableName);
    }
    else {
      table = db.getTable(dbName, tableName);
    }

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showCols.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      List cols = table.getCols();
      cols.addAll(table.getPartCols());
      outStream.writeBytes(
          MetaDataFormatUtils.getAllColumnsInformation(cols, false));
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("show columns: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of the user defined functions to a file.
   *
   * @param showFuncs
   *          are the functions we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showFunctions(ShowFunctionsDesc showFuncs) throws HiveException {
    // get the tables for the desired pattenn - populate the output stream
    Set funcs = null;
    if (showFuncs.getPattern() != null) {
      LOG.info("pattern: " + showFuncs.getPattern());
      funcs = FunctionRegistry.getFunctionNames(showFuncs.getPattern());
      LOG.info("results : " + funcs.size());
    } else {
      funcs = FunctionRegistry.getFunctionNames();
    }

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showFuncs.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);
      SortedSet sortedFuncs = new TreeSet(funcs);
      // To remove the primitive types
      sortedFuncs.removeAll(serdeConstants.PrimitiveTypes);
      Iterator iterFuncs = sortedFuncs.iterator();

      while (iterFuncs.hasNext()) {
        // create a row per table name
        outStream.writeBytes(iterFuncs.next());
        outStream.write(terminator);
      }
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.warn("show function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("show function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write a list of the current locks to a file.
   *
   * @param showLocks
   *          the locks we're interested in.
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int showLocks(ShowLocksDesc showLocks) throws HiveException {
    Context ctx = driverContext.getCtx();
    HiveLockManager lockMgr = ctx.getHiveLockMgr();
    boolean isExt = showLocks.isExt();
    if (lockMgr == null) {
      throw new HiveException("show Locks LockManager not specified");
    }

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(showLocks.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);
      List locks = null;

      if (showLocks.getTableName() == null) {
        locks = lockMgr.getLocks(false, isExt);
      }
      else {
        locks = lockMgr.getLocks(getHiveObject(showLocks.getTableName(),
                                               showLocks.getPartSpec()),
                                 true, isExt);
      }

      Collections.sort(locks, new Comparator() {

          @Override
            public int compare(HiveLock o1, HiveLock o2) {
            int cmp = o1.getHiveLockObject().getName().compareTo(o2.getHiveLockObject().getName());
            if (cmp == 0) {
              if (o1.getHiveLockMode() == o2.getHiveLockMode()) {
                return cmp;
              }
              // EXCLUSIVE locks occur before SHARED locks
              if (o1.getHiveLockMode() == HiveLockMode.EXCLUSIVE) {
                return -1;
              }
              return +1;
            }
            return cmp;
          }

        });

      Iterator locksIter = locks.iterator();

      while (locksIter.hasNext()) {
        HiveLock lock = locksIter.next();
        outStream.writeBytes(lock.getHiveLockObject().getDisplayName());
        outStream.write(separator);
        outStream.writeBytes(lock.getHiveLockMode().toString());
        if (isExt) {
          HiveLockObjectData lockData = lock.getHiveLockObject().getData();
          if (lockData != null) {
            outStream.write(terminator);
            outStream.writeBytes("LOCK_QUERYID:" + lockData.getQueryId());
            outStream.write(terminator);
            outStream.writeBytes("LOCK_TIME:" + lockData.getLockTime());
            outStream.write(terminator);
            outStream.writeBytes("LOCK_MODE:" + lockData.getLockMode());
            outStream.write(terminator);
            outStream.writeBytes("LOCK_QUERYSTRING:" + lockData.getQueryStr());
          }
        }
        outStream.write(terminator);
      }
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.warn("show function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("show function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Lock the table/partition specified
   *
   * @param lockTbl
   *          the table/partition to be locked along with the mode
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int lockTable(LockTableDesc lockTbl) throws HiveException {
    Context ctx = driverContext.getCtx();
    HiveLockManager lockMgr = ctx.getHiveLockMgr();
    if (lockMgr == null) {
      throw new HiveException("lock Table LockManager not specified");
    }

    HiveLockMode mode = HiveLockMode.valueOf(lockTbl.getMode());
    String tabName = lockTbl.getTableName();
    Table  tbl = db.getTable(MetaStoreUtils.DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME, tabName);
    if (tbl == null) {
      throw new HiveException("Table " + tabName + " does not exist ");
    }

    Map partSpec = lockTbl.getPartSpec();
    HiveLockObjectData lockData =
      new HiveLockObjectData(lockTbl.getQueryId(),
                             String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()),
                             "EXPLICIT",
                             lockTbl.getQueryStr());

    if (partSpec == null) {
      HiveLock lck = lockMgr.lock(new HiveLockObject(tbl, lockData), mode, true);
      if (lck == null) {
        return 1;
      }
      return 0;
    }

    Partition par = db.getPartition(tbl, partSpec, false);
    if (par == null) {
      throw new HiveException("Partition " + partSpec + " for table " + tabName + " does not exist");
    }
    HiveLock lck = lockMgr.lock(new HiveLockObject(par, lockData), mode, true);
    if (lck == null) {
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private HiveLockObject getHiveObject(String tabName,
                                       Map partSpec) throws HiveException {
    Table  tbl = db.getTable(tabName);
    if (tbl == null) {
      throw new HiveException("Table " + tabName + " does not exist ");
    }

    HiveLockObject obj = null;

    if  (partSpec == null) {
      obj = new HiveLockObject(tbl, null);
    }
    else {
      Partition par = db.getPartition(tbl, partSpec, false);
      if (par == null) {
        throw new HiveException("Partition " + partSpec + " for table " + tabName + " does not exist");
      }
      obj = new HiveLockObject(par, null);
    }
    return obj;
  }

  /**
   * Unlock the table/partition specified
   *
   * @param unlockTbl
   *          the table/partition to be unlocked
   * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   * @throws HiveException
   *           Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs.
   */
  private int unlockTable(UnlockTableDesc unlockTbl) throws HiveException {
    Context ctx = driverContext.getCtx();
    HiveLockManager lockMgr = ctx.getHiveLockMgr();
    if (lockMgr == null) {
      throw new HiveException("unlock Table LockManager not specified");
    }

    String tabName = unlockTbl.getTableName();
    HiveLockObject obj = getHiveObject(tabName, unlockTbl.getPartSpec());

    List locks = lockMgr.getLocks(obj, false, false);
    if ((locks == null) || (locks.isEmpty())) {
      throw new HiveException("Table " + tabName + " is not locked ");
    }
    Iterator locksIter = locks.iterator();
    while (locksIter.hasNext()) {
      HiveLock lock = locksIter.next();
      lockMgr.unlock(lock);
    }

    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Shows a description of a function.
   *
   * @param descFunc
   *          is the function we are describing
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  private int describeFunction(DescFunctionDesc descFunc) throws HiveException {
    String funcName = descFunc.getName();

    // write the results in the file
    DataOutput outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(descFunc.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      // get the function documentation
      Description desc = null;
      Class funcClass = null;
      FunctionInfo functionInfo = FunctionRegistry.getFunctionInfo(funcName);
      if (functionInfo != null) {
        funcClass = functionInfo.getFunctionClass();
      }
      if (funcClass != null) {
        desc = funcClass.getAnnotation(Description.class);
      }
      if (desc != null) {
        outStream.writeBytes(desc.value().replace("_FUNC_", funcName));
        if (descFunc.isExtended()) {
          Set synonyms = FunctionRegistry.getFunctionSynonyms(funcName);
          if (synonyms.size() > 0) {
            outStream.writeBytes("\nSynonyms: " + join(synonyms, ", "));
          }
          if (desc.extended().length() > 0) {
            outStream.writeBytes("\n"
                + desc.extended().replace("_FUNC_", funcName));
          }
        }
      } else {
        if (funcClass != null) {
          outStream.writeBytes("There is no documentation for function '"
              + funcName + "'");
        } else {
          outStream.writeBytes("Function '" + funcName + "' does not exist.");
        }
      }

      outStream.write(terminator);

      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      LOG.warn("describe function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("describe function: " + stringifyException(e));
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e);
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  private int descDatabase(DescDatabaseDesc descDatabase) throws HiveException {
    DataOutputStream outStream = null;
    try {
      Path resFile = new Path(descDatabase.getResFile());
      FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf);
      outStream = fs.create(resFile);

      Database database = db.getDatabase(descDatabase.getDatabaseName());

      if (database == null) {
          formatter.error(outStream,
                          "No such database: " + descDatabase.getDatabaseName(),
                          formatter.MISSING);
      } else {
          Map params = null;
          if(descDatabase.isExt()) {
            params = database.getParameters();
          }

          formatter.showDatabaseDescription(outStream,
                                            database.getName(),
                                            database.getDescription(),
                                            database.getLocationUri(),
                                            params);
      }
      ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close();
      outStream = null;
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream,
                        "describe database: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      formatter.logWarn(outStream,
                        "describe database: " + stringifyException(e),
                        formatter.ERROR);
      return 1;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new HiveException(e.toString());
    } finally {
      IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream);
    }
    return 0;
  }

  /**
   * Write the status of tables to a file.
   *
   * @param db
   *          The database in question.
   * @param showTblStatus
   *          tables we are interested in
   * @return Return 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails.
   */
  private int showTableStatus(Hive db, ShowTableStatusDesc showTblStatus) throws HiveException {
    // get the tables for the desired pattenn - populate the output stream
    List tbls = new ArrayList
(); Map part = showTblStatus.getPartSpec(); Partition par = null; if (part != null) { Table tbl = db.getTable(showTblStatus.getDbName(), showTblStatus.getPattern()); par = db.getPartition(tbl, part, false); if (par == null) { throw new HiveException("Partition " + part + " for table " + showTblStatus.getPattern() + " does not exist."); } tbls.add(tbl); } else { LOG.info("pattern: " + showTblStatus.getPattern()); List tblStr = db.getTablesForDb(showTblStatus.getDbName(), showTblStatus.getPattern()); SortedSet sortedTbls = new TreeSet(tblStr); Iterator iterTbls = sortedTbls.iterator(); while (iterTbls.hasNext()) { // create a row per table name String tblName = iterTbls.next(); Table tbl = db.getTable(showTblStatus.getDbName(), tblName); tbls.add(tbl); } LOG.info("results : " + tblStr.size()); } // write the results in the file DataOutputStream outStream = null; try { Path resFile = new Path(showTblStatus.getResFile()); FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf); outStream = fs.create(resFile); formatter.showTableStatus(outStream, db, conf, tbls, part, par); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "show table status: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } catch (IOException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "show table status: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } catch (Exception e) { throw new HiveException(e); } finally { IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream); } return 0; } /** * Write the properties of a table to a file. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param showTblPrpt * This is the table we're interested in. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int showTableProperties(Hive db, ShowTblPropertiesDesc showTblPrpt) throws HiveException { String tableName = showTblPrpt.getTableName(); // show table properties - populate the output stream Table tbl = db.getTable(tableName, false); DataOutput outStream = null; try { Path resFile = new Path(showTblPrpt.getResFile()); FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf); outStream = fs.create(resFile); if (tbl == null) { String errMsg = "Table " + tableName + " does not exist"; outStream.write(errMsg.getBytes("UTF-8")); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; return 0; } LOG.info("DDLTask: show properties for " + tbl.getTableName()); String propertyName = showTblPrpt.getPropertyName(); if (propertyName != null) { String propertyValue = tbl.getProperty(propertyName); if (propertyValue == null) { String errMsg = "Table " + tableName + " does not have property: " + propertyName; outStream.write(errMsg.getBytes("UTF-8")); } else { outStream.writeBytes(propertyValue); } } else { Map properties = tbl.getParameters(); for (String key : properties.keySet()) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, key, properties.get(key)); } } LOG.info("DDLTask: written data for showing properties of " + tbl.getTableName()); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { LOG.info("show table properties: " + stringifyException(e)); return 1; } catch (IOException e) { LOG.info("show table properties: " + stringifyException(e)); return 1; } catch (Exception e) { throw new HiveException(e); } finally { IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream); } return 0; } /** * Write the description of a table to a file. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param descTbl * This is the table we're interested in. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int describeTable(Hive db, DescTableDesc descTbl) throws HiveException { String colPath = descTbl.getColumnPath(); String tableName = descTbl.getTableName(); // describe the table - populate the output stream Table tbl = db.getTable(tableName, false); Partition part = null; DataOutputStream outStream = null; try { Path resFile = new Path(descTbl.getResFile()); if (tbl == null) { FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf); outStream = fs.create(resFile); String errMsg = "Table " + tableName + " does not exist"; formatter.error(outStream, errMsg, formatter.MISSING); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; return 0; } if (descTbl.getPartSpec() != null) { part = db.getPartition(tbl, descTbl.getPartSpec(), false); if (part == null) { FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf); outStream = fs.create(resFile); String errMsg = "Partition " + descTbl.getPartSpec() + " for table " + tableName + " does not exist"; formatter.error(outStream, errMsg, formatter.MISSING); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; return 0; } tbl = part.getTable(); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "describe table: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } catch (IOException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "describe table: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } finally { IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream); } try { LOG.info("DDLTask: got data for " + tbl.getTableName()); Path resFile = new Path(descTbl.getResFile()); FileSystem fs = resFile.getFileSystem(conf); outStream = fs.create(resFile); List cols = null; if (colPath.equals(tableName)) { cols = (part == null || tbl.getTableType() == TableType.VIRTUAL_VIEW) ? tbl.getCols() : part.getCols(); if (!descTbl.isFormatted()) { if (tableName.equals(colPath)) { cols.addAll(tbl.getPartCols()); } } } else { cols = Hive.getFieldsFromDeserializer(colPath, tbl.getDeserializer()); } formatter.describeTable(outStream, colPath, tableName, tbl, part, cols, descTbl.isFormatted(), descTbl.isExt(), descTbl.isPretty()); LOG.info("DDLTask: written data for " + tbl.getTableName()); ((FSDataOutputStream) outStream).close(); outStream = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "describe table: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } catch (IOException e) { formatter.logInfo(outStream, "describe table: " + stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } catch (Exception e) { throw new HiveException(e); } finally { IOUtils.closeStream((FSDataOutputStream) outStream); } return 0; } public static void writeGrantInfo(DataOutput outStream, PrincipalType principalType, String principalName, String dbName, String tableName, String partName, String columnName, PrivilegeGrantInfo grantInfo) throws IOException { String privilege = grantInfo.getPrivilege(); long unixTimestamp = grantInfo.getCreateTime() * 1000L; Date createTime = new Date(unixTimestamp); String grantor = grantInfo.getGrantor(); if (dbName != null) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "database", dbName); } if (tableName != null) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "table", tableName); } if (partName != null) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "partition", partName); } if (columnName != null) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "columnName", columnName); } writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "principalName", principalName); writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "principalType", "" + principalType); writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "privilege", privilege); writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "grantTime", "" + createTime); if (grantor != null) { writeKeyValuePair(outStream, "grantor", grantor); } } private static void writeKeyValuePair(DataOutput outStream, String key, String value) throws IOException { outStream.write(terminator); outStream.writeBytes(key); outStream.write(separator); outStream.writeBytes(value); outStream.write(separator); } private void setAlterProtectMode(boolean protectModeEnable, AlterTableDesc.ProtectModeType protectMode, ProtectMode mode) { if (protectMode == AlterTableDesc.ProtectModeType.OFFLINE) { mode.offline = protectModeEnable; } else if (protectMode == AlterTableDesc.ProtectModeType.NO_DROP) { mode.noDrop = protectModeEnable; } else if (protectMode == AlterTableDesc.ProtectModeType.NO_DROP_CASCADE) { mode.noDropCascade = protectModeEnable; } } /** * Alter a given table. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param alterTbl * This is the table we're altering. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int alterTable(Hive db, AlterTableDesc alterTbl) throws HiveException { // alter the table Table tbl = db.getTable(alterTbl.getOldName()); Partition part = null; List allPartitions = null; if (alterTbl.getPartSpec() != null) { if (alterTbl.getOp() != AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ALTERPROTECTMODE) { part = db.getPartition(tbl, alterTbl.getPartSpec(), false); if (part == null) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Partition : " + alterTbl.getPartSpec().toString() + " does not exist.", formatter.MISSING); return 1; } } else { allPartitions = db.getPartitions(tbl, alterTbl.getPartSpec()); } } Table oldTbl = tbl.copy(); if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.RENAME) { tbl.setTableName(alterTbl.getNewName()); } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDCOLS) { List newCols = alterTbl.getNewCols(); List oldCols = tbl.getCols(); if (tbl.getSerializationLib().equals( "org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.thrift.columnsetSerDe")) { console .printInfo("Replacing columns for columnsetSerDe and changing to LazySimpleSerDe"); tbl.setSerializationLib(LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setCols(newCols); } else { // make sure the columns does not already exist Iterator iterNewCols = newCols.iterator(); while (iterNewCols.hasNext()) { FieldSchema newCol = iterNewCols.next(); String newColName = newCol.getName(); Iterator iterOldCols = oldCols.iterator(); while (iterOldCols.hasNext()) { String oldColName = iterOldCols.next().getName(); if (oldColName.equalsIgnoreCase(newColName)) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Column '" + newColName + "' exists", formatter.CONFLICT); return 1; } } oldCols.add(newCol); } tbl.getTTable().getSd().setCols(oldCols); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.RENAMECOLUMN) { List oldCols = tbl.getCols(); List newCols = new ArrayList(); Iterator iterOldCols = oldCols.iterator(); String oldName = alterTbl.getOldColName(); String newName = alterTbl.getNewColName(); String type = alterTbl.getNewColType(); String comment = alterTbl.getNewColComment(); boolean first = alterTbl.getFirst(); String afterCol = alterTbl.getAfterCol(); FieldSchema column = null; boolean found = false; int position = -1; if (first) { position = 0; } int i = 1; while (iterOldCols.hasNext()) { FieldSchema col = iterOldCols.next(); String oldColName = col.getName(); if (oldColName.equalsIgnoreCase(newName) && !oldColName.equalsIgnoreCase(oldName)) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Column '" + newName + "' exists", formatter.CONFLICT); return 1; } else if (oldColName.equalsIgnoreCase(oldName)) { col.setName(newName); if (type != null && !type.trim().equals("")) { col.setType(type); } if (comment != null) { col.setComment(comment); } found = true; if (first || (afterCol != null && !afterCol.trim().equals(""))) { column = col; continue; } } if (afterCol != null && !afterCol.trim().equals("") && oldColName.equalsIgnoreCase(afterCol)) { position = i; } i++; newCols.add(col); } // did not find the column if (!found) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Column '" + oldName + "' does not exists", formatter.MISSING); return 1; } // after column is not null, but we did not find it. if ((afterCol != null && !afterCol.trim().equals("")) && position < 0) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Column '" + afterCol + "' does not exists", formatter.MISSING); return 1; } if (position >= 0) { newCols.add(position, column); } tbl.getTTable().getSd().setCols(newCols); } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.REPLACECOLS) { // change SerDe to LazySimpleSerDe if it is columnsetSerDe if (tbl.getSerializationLib().equals( "org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.thrift.columnsetSerDe")) { console .printInfo("Replacing columns for columnsetSerDe and changing to LazySimpleSerDe"); tbl.setSerializationLib(LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName()); } else if (!tbl.getSerializationLib().equals( MetadataTypedColumnsetSerDe.class.getName()) && !tbl.getSerializationLib().equals(LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName()) && !tbl.getSerializationLib().equals(ColumnarSerDe.class.getName()) && !tbl.getSerializationLib().equals(DynamicSerDe.class.getName())) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Replace columns is not supported for this table. " + "SerDe may be incompatible.", formatter.ERROR); return 1; } tbl.getTTable().getSd().setCols(alterTbl.getNewCols()); } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDPROPS) { tbl.getTTable().getParameters().putAll(alterTbl.getProps()); } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.DROPPROPS) { Iterator keyItr = alterTbl.getProps().keySet().iterator(); while (keyItr.hasNext()) { tbl.getTTable().getParameters().remove(keyItr.next()); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDSERDEPROPS) { if (part != null) { part.getTPartition().getSd().getSerdeInfo().getParameters().putAll( alterTbl.getProps()); } else { tbl.getTTable().getSd().getSerdeInfo().getParameters().putAll( alterTbl.getProps()); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDSERDE) { String serdeName = alterTbl.getSerdeName(); if (part != null) { part.getTPartition().getSd().getSerdeInfo().setSerializationLib(serdeName); if ((alterTbl.getProps() != null) && (alterTbl.getProps().size() > 0)) { part.getTPartition().getSd().getSerdeInfo().getParameters().putAll( alterTbl.getProps()); } part.getTPartition().getSd().setCols(part.getTPartition().getSd().getCols()); } else { tbl.setSerializationLib(alterTbl.getSerdeName()); if ((alterTbl.getProps() != null) && (alterTbl.getProps().size() > 0)) { tbl.getTTable().getSd().getSerdeInfo().getParameters().putAll( alterTbl.getProps()); } tbl.setFields(Hive.getFieldsFromDeserializer(tbl.getTableName(), tbl. getDeserializer())); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDFILEFORMAT) { if(part != null) { part.getTPartition().getSd().setInputFormat(alterTbl.getInputFormat()); part.getTPartition().getSd().setOutputFormat(alterTbl.getOutputFormat()); if (alterTbl.getSerdeName() != null) { part.getTPartition().getSd().getSerdeInfo().setSerializationLib( alterTbl.getSerdeName()); } } else { tbl.getTTable().getSd().setInputFormat(alterTbl.getInputFormat()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setOutputFormat(alterTbl.getOutputFormat()); if (alterTbl.getSerdeName() != null) { tbl.setSerializationLib(alterTbl.getSerdeName()); } } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ALTERPROTECTMODE) { boolean protectModeEnable = alterTbl.isProtectModeEnable(); AlterTableDesc.ProtectModeType protectMode = alterTbl.getProtectModeType(); ProtectMode mode = null; if (allPartitions != null) { for (Partition tmpPart: allPartitions) { mode = tmpPart.getProtectMode(); setAlterProtectMode(protectModeEnable, protectMode, mode); tmpPart.setProtectMode(mode); } } else { mode = tbl.getProtectMode(); setAlterProtectMode(protectModeEnable,protectMode, mode); tbl.setProtectMode(mode); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDCLUSTERSORTCOLUMN) { // validate sort columns and bucket columns List columns = Utilities.getColumnNamesFromFieldSchema(tbl .getCols()); if (!alterTbl.isTurnOffSorting()) { Utilities.validateColumnNames(columns, alterTbl.getBucketColumns()); } if (alterTbl.getSortColumns() != null) { Utilities.validateColumnNames(columns, Utilities .getColumnNamesFromSortCols(alterTbl.getSortColumns())); } StorageDescriptor sd = part == null ? tbl.getTTable().getSd() : part.getTPartition().getSd(); if (alterTbl.isTurnOffSorting()) { sd.setSortCols(new ArrayList()); } else if (alterTbl.getNumberBuckets() == -1) { // -1 buckets means to turn off bucketing sd.setBucketCols(new ArrayList()); sd.setNumBuckets(-1); sd.setSortCols(new ArrayList()); } else { sd.setBucketCols(alterTbl.getBucketColumns()); sd.setNumBuckets(alterTbl.getNumberBuckets()); sd.setSortCols(alterTbl.getSortColumns()); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ALTERLOCATION) { String newLocation = alterTbl.getNewLocation(); try { URI locUri = new URI(newLocation); if (!locUri.isAbsolute() || locUri.getScheme() == null || locUri.getScheme().trim().equals("")) { throw new HiveException( newLocation + " is not absolute or has no scheme information. " + "Please specify a complete absolute uri with scheme information."); } if (part != null) { part.setLocation(newLocation); } else { tbl.setDataLocation(locUri); } } catch (URISyntaxException e) { throw new HiveException(e); } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ADDSKEWEDBY) { /* Validation's been done at compile time. no validation is needed here. */ List skewedColNames = null; List> skewedValues = null; if (alterTbl.isTurnOffSkewed()) { /* Convert skewed table to non-skewed table. */ skewedColNames = new ArrayList(); skewedValues = new ArrayList>(); } else { skewedColNames = alterTbl.getSkewedColNames(); skewedValues = alterTbl.getSkewedColValues(); } if ( null == tbl.getSkewedInfo()) { /* Convert non-skewed table to skewed table. */ SkewedInfo skewedInfo = new SkewedInfo(); skewedInfo.setSkewedColNames(skewedColNames); skewedInfo.setSkewedColValues(skewedValues); tbl.setSkewedInfo(skewedInfo); } else { tbl.setSkewedColNames(skewedColNames); tbl.setSkewedColValues(skewedValues); } tbl.setStoredAsSubDirectories(alterTbl.isStoredAsSubDirectories()); } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableDesc.AlterTableTypes.ALTERSKEWEDLOCATION) { // process location one-by-one Map,String> locMaps = alterTbl.getSkewedLocations(); Set> keys = locMaps.keySet(); for(List key:keys){ String newLocation = locMaps.get(key); try { URI locUri = new URI(newLocation); if (part != null) { List slk = new ArrayList(key); part.setSkewedValueLocationMap(slk, locUri.toString()); } else { List slk = new ArrayList(key); tbl.setSkewedValueLocationMap(slk, locUri.toString()); } } catch (URISyntaxException e) { throw new HiveException(e); } } } else if (alterTbl.getOp() == AlterTableTypes.ALTERBUCKETNUM) { if (part != null) { if (part.getBucketCount() == alterTbl.getNumberBuckets()) { return 0; } part.setBucketCount(alterTbl.getNumberBuckets()); } else { if (tbl.getNumBuckets() == alterTbl.getNumberBuckets()) { return 0; } tbl.setNumBuckets(alterTbl.getNumberBuckets()); } } else { formatter.consoleError(console, "Unsupported Alter commnad", formatter.ERROR); return 1; } if (part == null && allPartitions == null) { if (!updateModifiedParameters(tbl.getTTable().getParameters(), conf)) { return 1; } try { tbl.checkValidity(); } catch (HiveException e) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Invalid table columns : " + e.getMessage(), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } } else if (part != null) { if (!updateModifiedParameters(part.getParameters(), conf)) { return 1; } } else { for (Partition tmpPart: allPartitions) { if (!updateModifiedParameters(tmpPart.getParameters(), conf)) { return 1; } } } try { if (part == null && allPartitions == null) { db.alterTable(alterTbl.getOldName(), tbl); } else if (part != null) { db.alterPartition(tbl.getTableName(), part); } else { db.alterPartitions(tbl.getTableName(), allPartitions); } } catch (InvalidOperationException e) { console.printError("Invalid alter operation: " + e.getMessage()); LOG.info("alter table: " + stringifyException(e)); return 1; } catch (HiveException e) { return 1; } // This is kind of hacky - the read entity contains the old table, whereas // the write entity // contains the new table. This is needed for rename - both the old and the // new table names are // passed if(part != null) { work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(part)); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(part)); } else if (allPartitions != null ){ for (Partition tmpPart: allPartitions) { work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(tmpPart)); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tmpPart)); } } else { work.getInputs().add(new ReadEntity(oldTbl)); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl)); } return 0; } /** * Drop a given table. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param dropTbl * This is the table we're dropping. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int dropTable(Hive db, DropTableDesc dropTbl) throws HiveException { // We need to fetch the table before it is dropped so that it can be passed // to // post-execution hook Table tbl = null; try { tbl = db.getTable(dropTbl.getTableName()); } catch (InvalidTableException e) { // drop table is idempotent } if (dropTbl.getPartSpecs() == null) { // This is a true DROP TABLE if (tbl != null) { if (tbl.isView()) { if (!dropTbl.getExpectView()) { if (dropTbl.getIfExists()) { return 0; } throw new HiveException("Cannot drop a view with DROP TABLE"); } } else { if (dropTbl.getExpectView()) { if (dropTbl.getIfExists()) { return 0; } throw new HiveException( "Cannot drop a base table with DROP VIEW"); } } } if (tbl != null && !tbl.canDrop()) { throw new HiveException("Table " + tbl.getTableName() + " is protected from being dropped"); } int partitionBatchSize = HiveConf.getIntVar(conf, ConfVars.METASTORE_BATCH_RETRIEVE_TABLE_PARTITION_MAX); // We should check that all the partitions of the table can be dropped if (tbl != null && tbl.isPartitioned()) { List partitionNames = db.getPartitionNames(tbl.getTableName(), (short)-1); for(int i=0; i < partitionNames.size(); i+= partitionBatchSize) { List partNames = partitionNames.subList(i, Math.min(i+partitionBatchSize, partitionNames.size())); List listPartitions = db.getPartitionsByNames(tbl, partNames); for (Partition p: listPartitions) { if (!p.canDrop()) { throw new HiveException("Table " + tbl.getTableName() + " Partition" + p.getName() + " is protected from being dropped"); } } } } // drop the table db.dropTable(dropTbl.getTableName()); if (tbl != null) { work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl)); } } else { // This is actually an ALTER TABLE DROP PARTITION List partsToDelete = new ArrayList(); for (PartitionSpec partSpec : dropTbl.getPartSpecs()) { List partitions = null; // getPartitionsByFilter only works for string columns. // Till that is fixed, only equality will work for non-string columns. if (dropTbl.isStringPartitionColumns()) { try { partitions = db.getPartitionsByFilter(tbl, partSpec.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { throw new HiveException(e); } } else { partitions = db.getPartitions(tbl, partSpec.getPartSpecWithoutOperator()); } // this is to prevent dropping archived partition which is archived in a // different level the drop command specified. int partPrefixToDrop = 0; for (FieldSchema fs : tbl.getPartCols()) { if (partSpec.existsKey(fs.getName())) { partPrefixToDrop += 1; } else { break; } } if (!dropTbl.getIgnoreProtection()) { for (Partition p : partitions) { if (!p.canDrop()) { throw new HiveException("Table " + tbl.getTableName() + " Partition " + p.getName() + " is protected from being dropped"); } else if (ArchiveUtils.isArchived(p)) { int partAchiveLevel = ArchiveUtils.getArchivingLevel(p); // trying to drop partitions inside a har, disallow it. if (partAchiveLevel < partPrefixToDrop) { throw new HiveException( "Cannot drop a subset of partitions in an archive, partition " + p.getName()); } } } } partsToDelete.addAll(partitions); } // drop all existing partitions from the list for (Partition partition : partsToDelete) { console.printInfo("Dropping the partition " + partition.getName()); db.dropPartition(dropTbl.getTableName(), partition.getValues(), true); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(partition)); } } return 0; } /** * Update last_modified_by and last_modified_time parameters in parameter map. * * @param params * Parameters. * @param user * user that is doing the updating. */ private boolean updateModifiedParameters(Map params, HiveConf conf) { String user = null; try { user = conf.getUser(); } catch (IOException e) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Unable to get current user: " + e.getMessage(), stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return false; } params.put("last_modified_by", user); params.put("last_modified_time", Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000)); return true; } /** * Check if the given serde is valid. */ private void validateSerDe(String serdeName) throws HiveException { try { Deserializer d = SerDeUtils.lookupDeserializer(serdeName); if (d != null) { LOG.debug("Found class for " + serdeName); } } catch (SerDeException e) { throw new HiveException("Cannot validate serde: " + serdeName, e); } } /** * Create a Database * @param db * @param crtDb * @return Always returns 0 * @throws HiveException * @throws AlreadyExistsException */ private int createDatabase(Hive db, CreateDatabaseDesc crtDb) throws HiveException, AlreadyExistsException { Database database = new Database(); database.setName(crtDb.getName()); database.setDescription(crtDb.getComment()); database.setLocationUri(crtDb.getLocationUri()); database.setParameters(crtDb.getDatabaseProperties()); db.createDatabase(database, crtDb.getIfNotExists()); return 0; } /** * Drop a Database * @param db * @param dropDb * @return Always returns 0 * @throws HiveException * @throws NoSuchObjectException */ private int dropDatabase(Hive db, DropDatabaseDesc dropDb) throws HiveException, NoSuchObjectException { db.dropDatabase(dropDb.getDatabaseName(), true, dropDb.getIfExists(), dropDb.isCasdade()); return 0; } /** * Switch to a different Database * @param db * @param switchDb * @return Always returns 0 * @throws HiveException */ private int switchDatabase(Hive db, SwitchDatabaseDesc switchDb) throws HiveException { String dbName = switchDb.getDatabaseName(); if (!db.databaseExists(dbName)) { throw new HiveException("ERROR: The database " + dbName + " does not exist."); } db.setCurrentDatabase(dbName); // set database specific parameters Database database = db.getDatabase(dbName); assert(database != null); Map dbParams = database.getParameters(); if (dbParams != null) { for (HiveConf.ConfVars var: HiveConf.dbVars) { String newValue = dbParams.get(var.varname); if (newValue != null) { LOG.info("Changing " + var.varname + " from " + conf.getVar(var) + " to " + newValue); conf.setVar(var, newValue); } } } return 0; } /** * Create a new table. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param crtTbl * This is the table we're creating. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int createTable(Hive db, CreateTableDesc crtTbl) throws HiveException { // create the table Table tbl = db.newTable(crtTbl.getTableName()); if (crtTbl.getTblProps() != null) { tbl.getTTable().getParameters().putAll(crtTbl.getTblProps()); } if (crtTbl.getPartCols() != null) { tbl.setPartCols(crtTbl.getPartCols()); } if (crtTbl.getNumBuckets() != -1) { tbl.setNumBuckets(crtTbl.getNumBuckets()); } if (crtTbl.getStorageHandler() != null) { tbl.setProperty( org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants.META_TABLE_STORAGE, crtTbl.getStorageHandler()); } HiveStorageHandler storageHandler = tbl.getStorageHandler(); /* * We use LazySimpleSerDe by default. * * If the user didn't specify a SerDe, and any of the columns are not simple * types, we will have to use DynamicSerDe instead. */ if (crtTbl.getSerName() == null) { if (storageHandler == null) { LOG.info("Default to LazySimpleSerDe for table " + crtTbl.getTableName()); tbl.setSerializationLib(org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName()); } else { String serDeClassName = storageHandler.getSerDeClass().getName(); LOG.info("Use StorageHandler-supplied " + serDeClassName + " for table " + crtTbl.getTableName()); tbl.setSerializationLib(serDeClassName); } } else { // let's validate that the serde exists validateSerDe(crtTbl.getSerName()); tbl.setSerializationLib(crtTbl.getSerName()); } if (crtTbl.getFieldDelim() != null) { tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.FIELD_DELIM, crtTbl.getFieldDelim()); tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_FORMAT, crtTbl.getFieldDelim()); } if (crtTbl.getFieldEscape() != null) { tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.ESCAPE_CHAR, crtTbl.getFieldEscape()); } if (crtTbl.getCollItemDelim() != null) { tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.COLLECTION_DELIM, crtTbl.getCollItemDelim()); } if (crtTbl.getMapKeyDelim() != null) { tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.MAPKEY_DELIM, crtTbl.getMapKeyDelim()); } if (crtTbl.getLineDelim() != null) { tbl.setSerdeParam(serdeConstants.LINE_DELIM, crtTbl.getLineDelim()); } if (crtTbl.getSerdeProps() != null) { Iterator> iter = crtTbl.getSerdeProps().entrySet() .iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Entry m = iter.next(); tbl.setSerdeParam(m.getKey(), m.getValue()); } } if (crtTbl.getCols() != null) { tbl.setFields(crtTbl.getCols()); } if (crtTbl.getBucketCols() != null) { tbl.setBucketCols(crtTbl.getBucketCols()); } if (crtTbl.getSortCols() != null) { tbl.setSortCols(crtTbl.getSortCols()); } if (crtTbl.getComment() != null) { tbl.setProperty("comment", crtTbl.getComment()); } if (crtTbl.getLocation() != null) { tbl.setDataLocation(new Path(crtTbl.getLocation()).toUri()); } if (crtTbl.getSkewedColNames() != null) { tbl.setSkewedColNames(crtTbl.getSkewedColNames()); } if (crtTbl.getSkewedColValues() != null) { tbl.setSkewedColValues(crtTbl.getSkewedColValues()); } tbl.setStoredAsSubDirectories(crtTbl.isStoredAsSubDirectories()); tbl.setInputFormatClass(crtTbl.getInputFormat()); tbl.setOutputFormatClass(crtTbl.getOutputFormat()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setInputFormat( tbl.getInputFormatClass().getName()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setOutputFormat( tbl.getOutputFormatClass().getName()); if (crtTbl.isExternal()) { tbl.setProperty("EXTERNAL", "TRUE"); tbl.setTableType(TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE); } // If the sorted columns is a superset of bucketed columns, store this fact. // It can be later used to // optimize some group-by queries. Note that, the order does not matter as // long as it in the first // 'n' columns where 'n' is the length of the bucketed columns. if ((tbl.getBucketCols() != null) && (tbl.getSortCols() != null)) { List bucketCols = tbl.getBucketCols(); List sortCols = tbl.getSortCols(); if ((sortCols.size() > 0) && (sortCols.size() >= bucketCols.size())) { boolean found = true; Iterator iterBucketCols = bucketCols.iterator(); while (iterBucketCols.hasNext()) { String bucketCol = iterBucketCols.next(); boolean colFound = false; for (int i = 0; i < bucketCols.size(); i++) { if (bucketCol.equals(sortCols.get(i).getCol())) { colFound = true; break; } } if (colFound == false) { found = false; break; } } if (found) { tbl.setProperty("SORTBUCKETCOLSPREFIX", "TRUE"); } } } int rc = setGenericTableAttributes(tbl); if (rc != 0) { return rc; } // create the table db.createTable(tbl, crtTbl.getIfNotExists()); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl)); return 0; } /** * Create a new table like an existing table. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param crtTbl * This is the table we're creating. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int createTableLike(Hive db, CreateTableLikeDesc crtTbl) throws HiveException { // Get the existing table Table oldtbl = db.getTable(crtTbl.getLikeTableName()); Table tbl; if (oldtbl.getTableType() == TableType.VIRTUAL_VIEW) { String targetTableName = crtTbl.getTableName(); tbl=db.newTable(targetTableName); if (crtTbl.getTblProps() != null) { tbl.getTTable().getParameters().putAll(crtTbl.getTblProps()); } tbl.setTableType(TableType.MANAGED_TABLE); if (crtTbl.isExternal()) { tbl.setProperty("EXTERNAL", "TRUE"); tbl.setTableType(TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE); } tbl.setFields(oldtbl.getCols()); tbl.setPartCols(oldtbl.getPartCols()); if (crtTbl.getDefaultSerName() == null) { LOG.info("Default to LazySimpleSerDe for table " + crtTbl.getTableName()); tbl.setSerializationLib(org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName()); } else { // let's validate that the serde exists validateSerDe(crtTbl.getDefaultSerName()); tbl.setSerializationLib(crtTbl.getDefaultSerName()); } if (crtTbl.getDefaultSerdeProps() != null) { Iterator> iter = crtTbl.getDefaultSerdeProps().entrySet() .iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Entry m = iter.next(); tbl.setSerdeParam(m.getKey(), m.getValue()); } } tbl.setInputFormatClass(crtTbl.getDefaultInputFormat()); tbl.setOutputFormatClass(crtTbl.getDefaultOutputFormat()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setInputFormat( tbl.getInputFormatClass().getName()); tbl.getTTable().getSd().setOutputFormat( tbl.getOutputFormatClass().getName()); } else { tbl=oldtbl; // find out database name and table name of target table String targetTableName = crtTbl.getTableName(); Table newTable = db.newTable(targetTableName); tbl.setDbName(newTable.getDbName()); tbl.setTableName(newTable.getTableName()); if (crtTbl.getLocation() != null) { tbl.setDataLocation(new Path(crtTbl.getLocation()).toUri()); } else { tbl.unsetDataLocation(); } Map params = tbl.getParameters(); // We should copy only those table parameters that are specified in the config. String paramsStr = HiveConf.getVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.DDL_CTL_PARAMETERS_WHITELIST); if (paramsStr != null) { List paramsList = Arrays.asList(paramsStr.split(",")); params.keySet().retainAll(paramsList); } else { params.clear(); } if (crtTbl.getTblProps() != null) { params.putAll(crtTbl.getTblProps()); } if (crtTbl.isExternal()) { tbl.setProperty("EXTERNAL", "TRUE"); tbl.setTableType(TableType.EXTERNAL_TABLE); } else { tbl.getParameters().remove("EXTERNAL"); } } // reset owner and creation time int rc = setGenericTableAttributes(tbl); if (rc != 0) { return rc; } // create the table db.createTable(tbl, crtTbl.getIfNotExists()); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl)); return 0; } /** * Create a new view. * * @param db * The database in question. * @param crtView * This is the view we're creating. * @return Returns 0 when execution succeeds and above 0 if it fails. * @throws HiveException * Throws this exception if an unexpected error occurs. */ private int createView(Hive db, CreateViewDesc crtView) throws HiveException { Table oldview = db.getTable(crtView.getViewName(), false); if (crtView.getOrReplace() && oldview != null) { // replace existing view // remove the existing partition columns from the field schema oldview.setViewOriginalText(crtView.getViewOriginalText()); oldview.setViewExpandedText(crtView.getViewExpandedText()); oldview.setFields(crtView.getSchema()); if (crtView.getComment() != null) { oldview.setProperty("comment", crtView.getComment()); } if (crtView.getTblProps() != null) { oldview.getTTable().getParameters().putAll(crtView.getTblProps()); } oldview.setPartCols(crtView.getPartCols()); oldview.checkValidity(); try { db.alterTable(crtView.getViewName(), oldview); } catch (InvalidOperationException e) { throw new HiveException(e); } work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(oldview)); } else { // create new view Table tbl = db.newTable(crtView.getViewName()); tbl.setTableType(TableType.VIRTUAL_VIEW); tbl.setSerializationLib(null); tbl.clearSerDeInfo(); tbl.setViewOriginalText(crtView.getViewOriginalText()); tbl.setViewExpandedText(crtView.getViewExpandedText()); tbl.setFields(crtView.getSchema()); if (crtView.getComment() != null) { tbl.setProperty("comment", crtView.getComment()); } if (crtView.getTblProps() != null) { tbl.getTTable().getParameters().putAll(crtView.getTblProps()); } if (crtView.getPartCols() != null) { tbl.setPartCols(crtView.getPartCols()); } int rc = setGenericTableAttributes(tbl); if (rc != 0) { return rc; } db.createTable(tbl, crtView.getIfNotExists()); work.getOutputs().add(new WriteEntity(tbl)); } return 0; } private int truncateTable(Hive db, TruncateTableDesc truncateTableDesc) throws HiveException { String tableName = truncateTableDesc.getTableName(); Map partSpec = truncateTableDesc.getPartSpec(); Table table = db.getTable(tableName, true); try { // this is not transactional for (Path location : getLocations(db, table, partSpec)) { FileSystem fs = location.getFileSystem(conf); fs.delete(location, true); fs.mkdirs(location); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new HiveException(e); } return 0; } private List getLocations(Hive db, Table table, Map partSpec) throws HiveException { List locations = new ArrayList(); if (partSpec == null) { if (table.isPartitioned()) { for (Partition partition : db.getPartitions(table)) { locations.add(partition.getPartitionPath()); } } else { locations.add(table.getPath()); } } else { for (Partition partition : db.getPartitionsByNames(table, partSpec)) { locations.add(partition.getPartitionPath()); } } return locations; } private int setGenericTableAttributes(Table tbl) { try { tbl.setOwner(conf.getUser()); } catch (IOException e) { formatter.consoleError(console, "Unable to get current user: " + e.getMessage(), stringifyException(e), formatter.ERROR); return 1; } // set create time tbl.setCreateTime((int) (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000)); return 0; } private String escapeHiveCommand(String str) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i ++) { char c = str.charAt(i); if (c == '\'' || c == ';') { sb.append('\\'); } sb.append(c); } return sb.toString(); } @Override public StageType getType() { return StageType.DDL; } @Override public String getName() { return "DDL"; } @Override protected void localizeMRTmpFilesImpl(Context ctx) { // no-op } }