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PMD is an extensible multilanguage static code analyzer. It finds common programming flaws like unused variables,
empty catch blocks, unnecessary object creation, and so forth. It's mainly concerned with Java and
Apex, but supports 16 other languages. It comes with 400+ built-in rules. It can be
extended with custom rules. It uses JavaCC and Antlr to parse source files into abstract syntax trees
(AST) and runs rules against them to find violations. Rules can be written in Java or using a XPath query.
Currently, PMD supports Java, JavaScript, Salesforce.com Apex and Visualforce,
Kotlin, Swift, Modelica, PLSQL, Apache Velocity, JSP, WSDL, Maven POM, HTML, XML and XSL.
Scala is supported, but there are currently no Scala rules available.
Additionally, it includes CPD, the copy-paste-detector. CPD finds duplicated code in
Coco, C/C++, C#, Dart, Fortran, Gherkin, Go, Groovy, HTML, Java, JavaScript, JSP, Julia, Kotlin,
Lua, Matlab, Modelica, Objective-C, Perl, PHP, PLSQL, Python, Ruby, Salesforce.com Apex and
Visualforce, Scala, Swift, T-SQL, Typescript, Apache Velocity, WSDL, XML and XSL.
The newest version!
/**
* BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
*/
package net.sourceforge.pmd.cpd;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.internal.util.FileCollectionUtil;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.internal.util.IOUtil;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.Language;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.LanguagePropertyBundle;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.FileAnalysisException;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.ast.LexException;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.FileCollector;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.FileId;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.InternalApiBridge;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.TextDocument;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.document.TextFile;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.properties.PropertyDescriptor;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.reporting.Report;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.log.PmdReporter;
/**
* Main programmatic API of CPD. This is not a CLI entry point, see module
* {@code pmd-cli} for that.
*
* Usage overview
*
* Create and configure a {@link CPDConfiguration}, then use {@link #create(CPDConfiguration)} to
* obtain an instance. You can perform additional configuration on the instance, e.g. adding
* files to process or add a listener. Then call {@link #performAnalysis()} or {@link #performAnalysis(Consumer)}
* in order to get the report directly.
*
*
Simple example
*
* {@code
* CPDConfiguration config = new CPDConfiguration();
* config.setMinimumTileSize(100);
* config.setOnlyRecognizeLanguage(config.getLanguageRegistry().getLanguageById("java"));
* config.setSourceEncoding(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
* config.addInputPath(Path.of("src/main/java")
*
* config.setIgnoreAnnotations(true);
* config.setIgnoreLiterals(false);
*
* config.setRendererName("text");
*
* try (CpdAnalysis cpd = CpdAnalysis.create(config)) {
* // note: don't use `config` once a CpdAnalysis has been created.
* // optional: add more files
* cpd.files().addFile(Paths.get("src", "main", "more-java", "ExtraSource.java"));
*
* cpd.performAnalysis();
* }
* }
*/
public final class CpdAnalysis implements AutoCloseable {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CpdAnalysis.class);
private final CPDConfiguration configuration;
private final FileCollector files;
private final PmdReporter reporter;
private final @Nullable CPDReportRenderer renderer;
private @NonNull CPDListener listener = new CPDNullListener();
private CpdAnalysis(CPDConfiguration config) {
this.configuration = config;
this.reporter = config.getReporter();
this.files = InternalApiBridge.newCollector(
config.getLanguageVersionDiscoverer(),
reporter
);
this.renderer = config.getCPDReportRenderer();
FileCollectionUtil.collectFiles(config, files());
for (Language language : config.getLanguageRegistry()) {
setLanguageProperties(language, config);
}
}
/**
* Create a new instance from the given configuration. The configuration
* should not be modified after this.
*
* @param config Configuration
*
* @return A new analysis instance
*/
public static CpdAnalysis create(CPDConfiguration config) {
return new CpdAnalysis(config);
}
private static void setPropertyIfMissing(PropertyDescriptor prop, LanguagePropertyBundle sink, T value) {
if (sink.hasDescriptor(prop) && !sink.isPropertyOverridden(prop)) {
sink.setProperty(prop, value);
}
}
private void setLanguageProperties(Language language, CPDConfiguration configuration) {
LanguagePropertyBundle props = configuration.getLanguageProperties(language);
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_ANONYMIZE_LITERALS, props, configuration.isIgnoreLiterals());
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_ANONYMIZE_IDENTIFIERS, props, configuration.isIgnoreIdentifiers());
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_IGNORE_METADATA, props, configuration.isIgnoreAnnotations());
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_IGNORE_IMPORTS, props, configuration.isIgnoreUsings());
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_IGNORE_LITERAL_SEQUENCES, props, configuration.isIgnoreLiteralSequences());
setPropertyIfMissing(CpdLanguageProperties.CPD_IGNORE_LITERAL_AND_IDENTIFIER_SEQUENCES, props, configuration.isIgnoreIdentifierAndLiteralSequences());
if (!configuration.isNoSkipBlocks()) {
// see net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.cpp.CppLanguageModule.CPD_SKIP_BLOCKS
PropertyDescriptor skipBlocks = (PropertyDescriptor) props.getPropertyDescriptor("cpdSkipBlocksPattern");
setPropertyIfMissing(skipBlocks, props, configuration.getSkipBlocksPattern());
}
}
public FileCollector files() {
return files;
}
public void setCpdListener(@Nullable CPDListener cpdListener) {
if (cpdListener == null) {
cpdListener = new CPDNullListener();
}
this.listener = cpdListener;
}
private int doTokenize(TextDocument document, CpdLexer cpdLexer, Tokens tokens) throws IOException, LexException {
LOGGER.trace("Tokenizing {}", document.getFileId().getAbsolutePath());
int lastTokenSize = tokens.size();
CpdLexer.tokenize(cpdLexer, document, tokens);
return tokens.size() - lastTokenSize - 1; /* EOF */
}
public void performAnalysis() {
performAnalysis(r -> { });
}
@SuppressWarnings("PMD.CloseResource")
public void performAnalysis(Consumer consumer) {
try (SourceManager sourceManager = new SourceManager(files.getCollectedFiles())) {
Map tokenizers =
sourceManager.getTextFiles().stream()
.map(it -> it.getLanguageVersion().getLanguage())
.distinct()
.filter(it -> it instanceof CpdCapableLanguage)
.collect(Collectors.toMap(lang -> lang, lang -> ((CpdCapableLanguage) lang).createCpdLexer(configuration.getLanguageProperties(lang))));
Map numberOfTokensPerFile = new HashMap<>();
List processingErrors = new ArrayList<>();
Tokens tokens = new Tokens();
for (TextFile textFile : sourceManager.getTextFiles()) {
TextDocument textDocument = sourceManager.get(textFile);
Tokens.State savedState = tokens.savePoint();
try {
int newTokens = doTokenize(textDocument, tokenizers.get(textFile.getLanguageVersion().getLanguage()), tokens);
numberOfTokensPerFile.put(textDocument.getFileId(), newTokens);
listener.addedFile(1);
} catch (IOException | FileAnalysisException e) {
if (e instanceof FileAnalysisException) { // NOPMD
((FileAnalysisException) e).setFileId(textFile.getFileId());
}
String message = configuration.isSkipLexicalErrors() ? "Skipping file" : "Error while tokenizing";
reporter.errorEx(message, e);
processingErrors.add(new Report.ProcessingError(e, textFile.getFileId()));
savedState.restore(tokens);
}
}
if (!processingErrors.isEmpty() && !configuration.isSkipLexicalErrors()) {
// will be caught by CPD command
throw new IllegalStateException("Errors were detected while lexing source, exiting because --skip-lexical-errors is unset.");
}
LOGGER.debug("Running match algorithm on {} files...", sourceManager.size());
MatchAlgorithm matchAlgorithm = new MatchAlgorithm(tokens, configuration.getMinimumTileSize());
List matches = matchAlgorithm.findMatches(listener, sourceManager);
tokens = null; // NOPMD null it out before rendering
LOGGER.debug("Finished: {} duplicates found", matches.size());
CPDReport cpdReport = new CPDReport(sourceManager, matches, numberOfTokensPerFile, processingErrors);
if (renderer != null) {
try (Writer writer = IOUtil.createWriter(Charset.defaultCharset(), null)) {
renderer.render(cpdReport, writer);
}
}
consumer.accept(cpdReport);
} catch (Exception e) {
reporter.errorEx("Exception while running CPD", e);
}
// source manager is closed and closes all text files now.
}
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
// nothing for now
}
}