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PMD is an extensible multilanguage static code analyzer. It finds common programming flaws like unused variables, empty catch blocks, unnecessary object creation, and so forth. It's mainly concerned with Java and Apex, but supports 16 other languages. It comes with 400+ built-in rules. It can be extended with custom rules. It uses JavaCC and Antlr to parse source files into abstract syntax trees (AST) and runs rules against them to find violations. Rules can be written in Java or using a XPath query. Currently, PMD supports Java, JavaScript, Salesforce.com Apex and Visualforce, Kotlin, Swift, Modelica, PLSQL, Apache Velocity, JSP, WSDL, Maven POM, HTML, XML and XSL. Scala is supported, but there are currently no Scala rules available. Additionally, it includes CPD, the copy-paste-detector. CPD finds duplicated code in Coco, C/C++, C#, Dart, Fortran, Gherkin, Go, Groovy, HTML, Java, JavaScript, JSP, Julia, Kotlin, Lua, Matlab, Modelica, Objective-C, Perl, PHP, PLSQL, Python, Ruby, Salesforce.com Apex and Visualforce, Scala, Swift, T-SQL, Typescript, Apache Velocity, WSDL, XML and XSL.

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/*
 * BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
 */

package net.sourceforge.pmd.lang;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.ServiceConfigurationError;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import net.sourceforge.pmd.cpd.CpdCapableLanguage;
import net.sourceforge.pmd.util.CollectionUtil;

/**
 * A set of languages with convenient methods. In the PMD CLI, languages
 * are loaded from the classloader of this class. These are in the registry
 * {@link #PMD}. You can otherwise create different registries with different
 * languages, eg filter some out.
 */
public final class LanguageRegistry implements Iterable {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LanguageRegistry.class);

    // test only
    static final LanguageRegistry ALL_LANGUAGES =
        loadLanguages(LanguageRegistry.class.getClassLoader());

    /**
     * Contains the languages that support PMD and are found on the classpath
     * of the classloader of this class. This can be used as a "default" registry.
     */
    public static final LanguageRegistry PMD = ALL_LANGUAGES.filter(it -> it instanceof PmdCapableLanguage);

    /**
     * Contains the languages that support CPD and are found on the classpath
     * of the classloader of this class.
     */
    public static final LanguageRegistry CPD = ALL_LANGUAGES.filter(it -> it instanceof CpdCapableLanguage);

    private final Set languages;

    private final Map languagesById;
    private final Map languagesByFullName;

    /**
     * Create a new registry that contains the given set of languages.
     * @throws NullPointerException If the parameter is null
     */
    public LanguageRegistry(Set languages) {
        this.languages = languages.stream()
                                  .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Language::getId, String::compareToIgnoreCase))
                                  .collect(CollectionUtil.toUnmodifiableSet());
        this.languagesById = CollectionUtil.associateBy(languages, Language::getId);
        this.languagesByFullName = CollectionUtil.associateBy(languages, Language::getName);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new registry with the languages that satisfy the predicate.
     */
    public LanguageRegistry filter(Predicate filterFun) {
        return new LanguageRegistry(languages.stream().filter(filterFun)
                                             .collect(Collectors.toSet()));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a language registry containing a single language. Note
     * that this may be inconvertible to a {@link LanguageProcessorRegistry}
     * if the language depends on other languages.
     */
    public static LanguageRegistry singleton(Language l) {
        return new LanguageRegistry(Collections.singleton(l));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a language registry containing the given language and
     * its dependencies, fetched from this language registry or the
     * parameter.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException If dependencies cannot be fulfilled.
     */
    public LanguageRegistry getDependenciesOf(Language lang) {
        Set result = new HashSet<>();
        result.add(lang);
        addDepsOrThrow(lang, result);
        return new LanguageRegistry(result);
    }

    private void addDepsOrThrow(Language l, Set languages) {
        for (String depId : l.getDependencies()) {
            Language dep = getLanguageById(depId);
            if (dep == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Cannot find language " + depId + " in " + this);
            }
            if (languages.add(dep)) {
                addDepsOrThrow(dep, languages);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public @NonNull Iterator iterator() {
        return languages.iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Create a new registry by loading the languages registered via {@link ServiceLoader}
     * on the classpath of the given classloader.
     *
     * @param classLoader A classloader
     */
    public static @NonNull LanguageRegistry loadLanguages(ClassLoader classLoader) {
        // sort languages by terse name. Avoiding differences in the order of languages
        // across JVM versions / OS.
        Set languages = new TreeSet<>(Comparator.comparing(Language::getId, String::compareToIgnoreCase));
        ServiceLoader languageLoader = ServiceLoader.load(Language.class, classLoader);
        Iterator iterator = languageLoader.iterator();
        while (true) {
            // this loop is weird, but both hasNext and next may throw ServiceConfigurationError,
            // it's more robust that way
            try {
                if (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    Language language = iterator.next();
                    languages.add(language);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (UnsupportedClassVersionError | ServiceConfigurationError e) {
                // Some languages require java8 and are therefore only available
                // if java8 or later is used as runtime.
                LOG.warn("Cannot load PMD language, ignored", e);
            }
        }
        return new LanguageRegistry(languages);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a set of all the known languages. The ordering of the languages
     * is by terse name.
     */
    public Set getLanguages() {
        return languages;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a language from its {@linkplain Language#getId() ID}
     * (eg {@code "java"}). This is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param langId Language ID
     *
     * @return A language, or null if the name is unknown, or the parameter is null
     */
    public @Nullable Language getLanguageById(@Nullable String langId) {
        return languagesById.get(langId);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a language version from its {@linkplain Language#getId() language ID}
     * (eg {@code "java"}). This is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param langId  Language ID
     * @param version Version ID
     *
     * @return A language, or null if the name is unknown
     */
    public @Nullable LanguageVersion getLanguageVersionById(@Nullable String langId, @Nullable String version) {
        Language lang = languagesById.get(langId);
        if (lang == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return version == null ? lang.getDefaultVersion()
                               : lang.getVersion(version);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a language from its {@linkplain Language#getName() full name}
     * (eg {@code "Java"}). This is case sensitive.
     *
     * @param languageName Language name
     *
     * @return A language, or null if the name is unknown
     */
    public @Nullable Language getLanguageByFullName(String languageName) {
        return languagesByFullName.get(languageName);
    }

    /**
     * Formats the set of languages with the given formatter, sort and
     * join everything with commas. Convenience method.
     */
    public @NonNull String commaSeparatedList(Function languageToString) {
        return getLanguages().stream().map(languageToString).sorted().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LanguageRegistry(" + commaSeparatedList(Language::getId) + ")";
    }
}




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