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package edu.stanford.nlp.util;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;


/**
 * Static utility methods for operating on arrays.
 *
 * Note: You can also find some methods for printing arrays that are tables in
 * StringUtils.  (Search for makeTextTable, etc.)
 *
 * @author Huy Nguyen ([email protected])
 * @author Michel Galley ([email protected])
 */
public class ArrayUtils {

  /**
   * Should not be instantiated
   */
  private ArrayUtils() {}

  public static byte[] gapEncode(int[] orig) {
    List encodedList = gapEncodeList(orig);
    byte[] arr = new byte[encodedList.size()];
    int i = 0;
    for (byte b : encodedList) { arr[i++] = b; }
    return arr;
  }

  public static List gapEncodeList(int[] orig) {
    for (int i = 1; i < orig.length; i++) {
      if (orig[i] < orig[i-1]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array must be sorted!");
      }
    }

    List bytes = new ArrayList();

    int index = 0;
    int prevNum = 0;
    byte currByte = 0 << 8;

    for (int f : orig) {
      String n = (f == prevNum ? "" : Integer.toString(f-prevNum, 2));
      for (int ii = 0; ii < n.length(); ii++) {
        if (index == 8) {
          bytes.add(currByte);
          currByte = 0 << 8;
          index = 0;
        }
        currByte <<= 1;
        currByte++;
        index++;
      }

      if (index == 8) {
        bytes.add(currByte);
        currByte = 0 << 8;
        index = 0;
      }
      currByte <<= 1;
      index++;

      for (int i = 1; i < n.length(); i++) {
        if (index == 8) {
          bytes.add(currByte);
          currByte = 0 << 8;
          index = 0;
        }
        currByte <<= 1;
        if (n.charAt(i) == '1') {
          currByte++;
        }
        index++;
      }
      prevNum = f;
    }

    while (index > 0 && index < 9) {
      if (index == 8) {
        bytes.add(currByte);
        break;
      }
      currByte <<= 1;
      currByte++;
      index++;
    }

    return bytes;
  }

  public static int[] gapDecode(byte[] gapEncoded) {
    return gapDecode(gapEncoded, 0, gapEncoded.length);
  }

  public static int[] gapDecode(byte[] gapEncoded, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
    List ints = gapDecodeList(gapEncoded, startIndex, endIndex);
    int[] arr = new int[ints.size()];
    int index = 0;
    for (int i : ints) { arr[index++] = i; }
    return arr;
  }

  public static List gapDecodeList(byte[] gapEncoded) {
    return gapDecodeList(gapEncoded, 0, gapEncoded.length);
  }

  public static List gapDecodeList(byte[] gapEncoded, int startIndex, int endIndex) {

    boolean gettingSize = true;
    int size = 0;
    List ints = new ArrayList();
    int gap = 0;
    int prevNum = 0;

    for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
      byte b = gapEncoded[i];
      for (int index = 7; index >= 0; index--) {
        boolean value = ((b >> index) & 1) == 1;

        if (gettingSize) {
          if (value) { size++; }
          else {
            if (size == 0) {
              ints.add(prevNum);
            } else if (size == 1) {
              prevNum++;
              ints.add(prevNum);
              size = 0;
            } else {
              gettingSize = false;
              gap = 1;
              size--;
            }
          }
        } else {
          gap <<= 1;
          if (value) { gap++; }
          size--;
          if (size == 0) {
            prevNum += gap;
            ints.add(prevNum);
            gettingSize = true;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return ints;
  }

  public static byte[] deltaEncode(int[] orig) {
    List encodedList = deltaEncodeList(orig);
    byte[] arr = new byte[encodedList.size()];
    int i = 0;
    for (byte b : encodedList) { arr[i++] = b; }
    return arr;
  }

  public static List deltaEncodeList(int[] orig) {

    for (int i = 1; i < orig.length; i++) {
      if (orig[i] < orig[i-1]) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array must be sorted!");
      }
    }

    List bytes = new ArrayList();

    int index = 0;
    int prevNum = 0;
    byte currByte = 0 << 8;

    for (int f : orig) {
      String n = (f == prevNum ? "" : Integer.toString(f-prevNum, 2));
      String n1 = (n.isEmpty() ? "" : Integer.toString(n.length(), 2));
      for (int ii = 0; ii < n1.length(); ii++) {
        if (index == 8) {
          bytes.add(currByte);
          currByte = 0 << 8;
          index = 0;
        }
        currByte <<= 1;
        currByte++;
        index++;
      }

      if (index == 8) {
        bytes.add(currByte);
        currByte = 0 << 8;
        index = 0;
      }
      currByte <<= 1;
      index++;

      for (int i = 1; i < n1.length(); i++) {
        if (index == 8) {
          bytes.add(currByte);
          currByte = 0 << 8;
          index = 0;
        }
        currByte <<= 1;
        if (n1.charAt(i) == '1') {
          currByte++;
        }
        index++;
      }

      for (int i = 1; i < n.length(); i++) {
        if (index == 8) {
          bytes.add(currByte);
          currByte = 0 << 8;
          index = 0;
        }
        currByte <<= 1;
        if (n.charAt(i) == '1') {
          currByte++;
        }
        index++;
      }

      prevNum = f;

    }

    while (index > 0 && index < 9) {
      if (index == 8) {
        bytes.add(currByte);
        break;
      }
      currByte <<= 1;
      currByte++;
      index++;
    }

    return bytes;
  }


  public static int[] deltaDecode(byte[] deltaEncoded) {
    return deltaDecode(deltaEncoded, 0, deltaEncoded.length);
  }

  public static int[] deltaDecode(byte[] deltaEncoded, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
    List ints = deltaDecodeList(deltaEncoded);
    int[] arr = new int[ints.size()];
    int index = 0;
    for (int i : ints) { arr[index++] = i; }
    return arr;
  }

  public static List deltaDecodeList(byte[] deltaEncoded) {
    return deltaDecodeList(deltaEncoded, 0, deltaEncoded.length);
  }

  public static List deltaDecodeList(byte[] deltaEncoded, int startIndex, int endIndex) {

    boolean gettingSize1 = true;
    boolean gettingSize2 = false;
    int size1 = 0;
    List ints = new ArrayList();
    int gap = 0;
    int size2 = 0;
    int prevNum = 0;

    for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
      byte b = deltaEncoded[i];
      for (int index = 7; index >= 0; index--) {
        boolean value = ((b >> index) & 1) == 1;

        if (gettingSize1) {
          if (value) { size1++; }
          else {
            if (size1 == 0) {
              ints.add(prevNum);
            } else if (size1 == 1) {
              prevNum++;
              ints.add(prevNum);
              size1 = 0;
            } else {
              gettingSize1 = false;
              gettingSize2 = true;
              size2 = 1;
              size1--;
            }
          }
        } else if (gettingSize2) {
          size2 <<= 1;
          if (value) { size2++; }
          size1--;
          if (size1 == 0) {
            gettingSize2 = false;
            gap = 1;
            size2--;
          }
        } else {
          gap <<= 1;
          if (value) { gap++; }
          size2--;
          if (size2 == 0) {
            prevNum += gap;
            ints.add(prevNum);
            gettingSize1 = true;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    return ints;
  }

  /** helper for gap encoding. */
  private static byte[] bitSetToByteArray(BitSet bitSet) {

    while (bitSet.length() % 8 != 0) { bitSet.set(bitSet.length(), true); }

    byte[] array = new byte[bitSet.length()/8];

    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      int offset = i * 8;

      int index = 0;
      for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
        index <<= 1;
        if (bitSet.get(offset+j)) { index++; }
      }

      array[i] = (byte)(index - 128);
    }

    return array;
  }

  /** helper for gap encoding. */
  private static BitSet byteArrayToBitSet(byte[] array) {

    BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();
    int index = 0;
    for (byte b : array) {
      int b1 = ((int)b) + 128;

      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 7) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 6) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 5) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 4) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 3) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 2) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, ((b1 >> 1) & 1) == 1);
      bitSet.set(index++, (b1 & 1) == 1);
    }

    return bitSet;
  }

//     for (int i = 1; i < orig.length; i++) {
//       if (orig[i] < orig[i-1]) { throw new RuntimeException("Array must be sorted!"); }

//       StringBuilder bits = new StringBuilder();
//       int prevNum = 0;
//       for (int f : orig) {
//         StringBuilder bits1 = new StringBuilder();
//               System.err.print(f+"\t");
//               String n = Integer.toString(f-prevNum, 2);
//               String n1 = Integer.toString(n.length(), 2);
//               for (int ii = 0; ii < n1.length(); ii++) {
//                 bits1.append("1");
//               }
//               bits1.append("0");
//               bits1.append(n1.substring(1));
//               bits1.append(n.substring(1));
//               System.err.print(bits1+"\t");
//               bits.append(bits1);
//               prevNum = f;
//             }



  public static double[] flatten(double[][] array) {
    int size = 0;
    for (double[] a : array) {
      size += a.length;
    }
    double[] newArray = new double[size];
    int i = 0;
    for (double[] a : array) {
      for (double d : a) {
        newArray[i++] = d;
      }
    }
    return newArray;
  }

  public static double[][] to2D(double[] array, int dim1Size) {
    int dim2Size = array.length/dim1Size;
    return to2D(array, dim1Size, dim2Size);
  }

  public static double[][] to2D(double[] array, int dim1Size, int dim2Size) {
    double[][] newArray = new double[dim1Size][dim2Size];
    int k = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < newArray.length; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < newArray[i].length; j++) {
        newArray[i][j] = array[k++];
      }
    }
    return newArray;
  }

  /**
   * Removes the element at the specified index from the array, and returns
   * a new array containing the remaining elements.  If index is
   * invalid, returns array unchanged.
   */
  public static double[] removeAt(double[] array, int index) {
    if (array == null) {
      return null;
    }
    if (index < 0 || index >= array.length) {
      return array;
    }

    double[] retVal = new double[array.length - 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      if (i < index) {
        retVal[i] = array[i];
      } else if (i > index) {
        retVal[i - 1] = array[i];
      }
    }
    return retVal;
  }

  /**
   * Removes the element at the specified index from the array, and returns
   * a new array containing the remaining elements.  If index is
   * invalid, returns array unchanged.  Uses reflection to determine
   * the type of the array and returns an array of the appropriate type.
   */
  public static Object[] removeAt(Object[] array, int index) {
    if (array == null) {
      return null;
    }
    if (index < 0 || index >= array.length) {
      return array;
    }

    Object[] retVal = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(array[0].getClass(), array.length - 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      if (i < index) {
        retVal[i] = array[i];
      } else if (i > index) {
        retVal[i - 1] = array[i];
      }
    }
    return retVal;
  }

  public static String toString(int[][] a) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("[");
    for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
      result.append(Arrays.toString(a[i]));
      if(i < a.length-1)
        result.append(',');
      }
    result.append(']');
    return result.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Tests two int[][] arrays for having equal contents.
   * @return true iff for each i, equalContents(xs[i],ys[i]) is true
   */
  public static boolean equalContents(int[][] xs, int[][] ys) {
    if(xs ==null)
      return ys == null;
    if(ys == null)
      return false;
    if(xs.length != ys.length)
      return false;
    for(int i = xs.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if(! equalContents(xs[i],ys[i]))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Tests two double[][] arrays for having equal contents.
   * @return true iff for each i, equals(xs[i],ys[i]) is true
   */
  public static boolean equals(double[][] xs, double[][] ys) {
    if(xs == null)
      return ys == null;
    if(ys == null)
      return false;
    if(xs.length != ys.length)
      return false;
    for(int i = xs.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if(!Arrays.equals(xs[i],ys[i]))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }


  /**
   * tests two int[] arrays for having equal contents
   * @return true iff xs and ys have equal length, and for each i, xs[i]==ys[i]
   */
  public static boolean equalContents(int[] xs, int[] ys) {
    if(xs.length != ys.length)
      return false;
    for(int i = xs.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if(xs[i] != ys[i])
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Tests two boolean[][] arrays for having equal contents.
   * @return true iff for each i, Arrays.equals(xs[i],ys[i]) is true
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("null")
  public static boolean equals(boolean[][] xs, boolean[][] ys) {
    if(xs == null && ys != null)
      return false;
    if(ys == null)
      return false;
    if(xs.length != ys.length)
      return false;
    for(int i = xs.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if(! Arrays.equals(xs[i],ys[i]))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }


  /** Returns true iff object o equals (not ==) some element of array a. */
  public static  boolean contains(T[] a, T o) {
    for (T item : a) {
      if (item.equals(o)) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // from stackoverflow
  //  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/80476/how-to-concatenate-two-arrays-in-java
  /**
   * Concatenates two arrays and returns the result
   */
  public static  T[] concatenate(T[] first, T[] second) {
    T[] result = Arrays.copyOf(first, first.length + second.length);
    System.arraycopy(second, 0, result, first.length, second.length);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array with only the elements accepted by filter
   * 
* Implementation notes: creates two arrays, calls filter * once for each element, does not alter original */ public static T[] filter(T[] original, Predicate filter) { T[] result = Arrays.copyOf(original, original.length); // avoids generic array creation compile error int size = 0; for (T value : original) { if (filter.test(value)) { result[size] = value; size++; } } if (size == original.length) { return result; } return Arrays.copyOf(result, size); } /** Return a Set containing the same elements as the specified array. */ public static Set asSet(T[] a) { return Generics.newHashSet(Arrays.asList(a)); } /** Return an immutable Set containing the same elements as the specified * array. Arrays with 0 or 1 elements are special cased to return the * efficient small sets from the Collections class. */ public static Set asImmutableSet(T[] a) { if (a.length == 0) { return Collections.emptySet(); } else if (a.length == 1) { return Collections.singleton(a[0]); } else { return Collections.unmodifiableSet(Generics.newHashSet(Arrays.asList(a))); } } public static void fill(double[][] d, double val) { for (double[] aD : d) { Arrays.fill(aD, val); } } public static void fill(double[][][] d, double val) { for (double[][] aD : d) { fill(aD, val); } } public static void fill(double[][][][] d, double val) { for (double[][][] aD : d) { fill(aD, val); } } public static void fill(boolean[][] d, boolean val) { for (boolean[] aD : d) { Arrays.fill(aD, val); } } public static void fill(boolean[][][] d, boolean val) { for (boolean[][] aD : d) { fill(aD, val); } } public static void fill(boolean[][][][] d, boolean val) { for (boolean[][][] aD : d) { fill(aD, val); } } /** * Casts to a double array */ public static double[] toDouble(float[] a) { double[] d = new double[a.length]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { d[i] = a[i]; } return d; } /** * Casts to a double array. */ public static double[] toDouble(int[] array) { double[] rv = new double[array.length]; for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { rv[i] = array[i]; } return rv; } /** needed because Arrays.asList() won't to autoboxing, * so if you give it a primitive array you get a * singleton list back with just that array as an element. */ public static List asList(int[] array) { List l = new ArrayList(); for (int i : array) { l.add(i); } return l; } public static double[] asPrimitiveDoubleArray(Collection d) { double[] newD = new double[d.size()]; int i = 0; for (Double j : d) { newD[i++] = j; } return newD; } public static int[] asPrimitiveIntArray(Collection d) { int[] newI = new int[d.size()]; int i = 0; for (Integer j : d) { newI[i++] = j; } return newI; } public static long[] copy(long[] arr) { if (arr == null) { return null; } long[] newArr = new long[arr.length]; System.arraycopy(arr, 0, newArr, 0, arr.length); return newArr; } public static int[] copy(int[] i) { if (i == null) { return null; } int[] newI = new int[i.length]; System.arraycopy(i, 0, newI, 0, i.length); return newI; } public static int[][] copy(int[][] i) { if (i == null) { return null; } int[][] newI = new int[i.length][]; for (int j = 0; j < newI.length; j++) { newI[j] = copy(i[j]); } return newI; } public static double[] copy(double[] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } double[] newD = new double[d.length]; System.arraycopy(d, 0, newD, 0, d.length); return newD; } public static double[][] copy(double[][] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } double[][] newD = new double[d.length][]; for (int i = 0; i < newD.length; i++) { newD[i] = copy(d[i]); } return newD; } public static double[][][] copy(double[][][] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } double[][][] newD = new double[d.length][][]; for (int i = 0; i < newD.length; i++) { newD[i] = copy(d[i]); } return newD; } public static float[] copy(float[] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } float[] newD = new float[d.length]; System.arraycopy(d, 0, newD, 0, d.length); return newD; } public static float[][] copy(float[][] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } float[][] newD = new float[d.length][]; for (int i = 0; i < newD.length; i++) { newD[i] = copy(d[i]); } return newD; } public static float[][][] copy(float[][][] d) { if (d == null) { return null; } float[][][] newD = new float[d.length][][]; for (int i = 0; i < newD.length; i++) { newD[i] = copy(d[i]); } return newD; } public static String toString(double[][] b) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("["); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { result.append(Arrays.toString(b[i])); if(i < b.length-1) result.append(','); } result.append(']'); return result.toString(); } public static String toString(boolean[][] b) { StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("["); for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { result.append(Arrays.toString(b[i])); if(i < b.length-1) result.append(','); } result.append(']'); return result.toString(); } public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] in) { return toPrimitive(in,0L); } public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] in) { return toPrimitive(in,0); } public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] in) { return toPrimitive(in,(short)0); } public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] in) { return toPrimitive(in,(char)0); } public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] in) { return toPrimitive(in,0.0); } public static long[] toPrimitive(Long[] in, long valueForNull) { if (in == null) return null; final long[] out = new long[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) { Long b = in[i]; out[i] = (b == null ? valueForNull : b); } return out; } public static int[] toPrimitive(Integer[] in, int valueForNull) { if (in == null) return null; final int[] out = new int[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) { Integer b = in[i]; out[i] = (b == null ? valueForNull : b); } return out; } public static short[] toPrimitive(Short[] in, short valueForNull) { if (in == null) return null; final short[] out = new short[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) { Short b = in[i]; out[i] = (b == null ? valueForNull : b); } return out; } public static char[] toPrimitive(Character[] in, char valueForNull) { if (in == null) return null; final char[] out = new char[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) { Character b = in[i]; out[i] = (b == null ? valueForNull : b); } return out; } public static double[] toDoubleArray(String[] in) { double[] ret = new double[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) ret[i] = Double.parseDouble(in[i]); return ret; } public static double[] toPrimitive(Double[] in, double valueForNull) { if (in == null) return null; final double[] out = new double[in.length]; for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) { Double b = in[i]; out[i] = (b == null ? valueForNull : b); } return out; } /** * Provides a consistent ordering over arrays. First compares by the * first element. If that element is equal, the next element is * considered, and so on. This is the array version of * {@link edu.stanford.nlp.util.CollectionUtils#compareLists} * and uses the same logic when the arrays are of different lengths. */ public static > int compareArrays(T[] first, T[] second) { List firstAsList = Arrays.asList(first); List secondAsList = Arrays.asList(second); return CollectionUtils.compareLists(firstAsList, secondAsList); } /* -- This is an older more direct implementation of the above, but not necessary unless for performance public static > int compareArrays(C[] a1, C[] a2) { int len = Math.min(a1.length, a2.length); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int comparison = a1[i].compareTo(a2[i]); if (comparison != 0) return comparison; } // one is a prefix of the other, or they're identical if (a1.length < a2.length) return -1; if (a1.length > a2.length) return 1; return 0; } */ public static List getSubListIndex(Object[] tofind, Object[] tokens){ return getSubListIndex(tofind, tokens, new Function(){ @Override public Boolean apply(Pair objectObjectPair) { return objectObjectPair.first().equals(objectObjectPair.second()); } }); } /** * If tofind is a part of tokens, it finds the ****starting index***** of tofind in tokens * If tofind is not a sub-array of tokens, then it returns null * note that tokens sublist should have the exact elements and order as in tofind * @param tofind array you want to find in tokens * @param tokens * @param matchingFunction function that takes (tofindtoken, token) pair and returns whether they match * @return starting index of the sublist */ public static List getSubListIndex(Object[] tofind, Object[] tokens, Function matchingFunction){ if(tofind.length > tokens.length) return null; List allIndices = new ArrayList(); boolean matched = false; int index = -1; int lastUnmatchedIndex = 0; for(int i = 0 ; i < tokens.length;){ for(int j = 0; j < tofind.length ;){ if(matchingFunction.apply(new Pair(tofind[j], tokens[i]))){ index = i; i++; j++; if(j == tofind.length) { matched = true; break; } }else{ j = 0; i = lastUnmatchedIndex +1; lastUnmatchedIndex = i; index = -1; if(lastUnmatchedIndex == tokens.length) break; } if(i >= tokens.length){ index = -1; break; } } if(i == tokens.length || matched){ if(index >= 0) //index = index - l1.length + 1; allIndices.add(index - tofind.length + 1); matched = false; lastUnmatchedIndex = index; //break; } } //get starting point return allIndices; } /** Returns a new array which has the numbers in the input array * L1-normalized. * * @param ar Input array * @return New array that has L1 normalized form of input array */ public static double[] normalize(double[] ar) { double[] ar2 = new double[ar.length]; double total = 0.0; for (double d : ar) { total += d; } for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; i++) { ar2[i] = ar[i]/total; } return ar2; } public static Object[] subArray(Object[] arr, int startindexInclusive, int endindexExclusive){ if(arr == null) return arr; Class type = arr.getClass().getComponentType(); if(endindexExclusive < startindexInclusive || startindexInclusive > arr.length -1 ) return (Object[]) Array.newInstance(type, 0); if(endindexExclusive > arr.length) endindexExclusive = arr.length; if(startindexInclusive < 0) startindexInclusive = 0; Object[] b = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(type, endindexExclusive - startindexInclusive); System.arraycopy(arr, startindexInclusive, b, 0, endindexExclusive - startindexInclusive); return b; } public static int compareBooleanArrays(boolean[] a1, boolean[] a2) { int len = Math.min(a1.length, a2.length); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (!a1[i] && a2[i]) return -1; if (a1[i] && !a2[i]) return 1; } // one is a prefix of the other, or they're identical if (a1.length < a2.length) return -1; if (a1.length > a2.length) return 1; return 0; } public static String toString(double[] doubles, String glue) { String s = ""; for(int i = 0; i < doubles.length; i++){ if(i==0) s = String.valueOf(doubles[i]); else s+= glue + String.valueOf(doubles[i]); } return s; } }




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