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The NetCDF-Java Library is a Java interface to NetCDF files, as well as to many other types of scientific data formats.

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/*
 * Copyright 1998-2009 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Unidata
 *
 * Portions of this software were developed by the Unidata Program at the
 * University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.
 *
 * Access and use of this software shall impose the following obligations
 * and understandings on the user. The user is granted the right, without
 * any fee or cost, to use, copy, modify, alter, enhance and distribute
 * this software, and any derivative works thereof, and its supporting
 * documentation for any purpose whatsoever, provided that this entire
 * notice appears in all copies of the software, derivative works and
 * supporting documentation.  Further, UCAR requests that the user credit
 * UCAR/Unidata in any publications that result from the use of this
 * software or in any product that includes this software. The names UCAR
 * and/or Unidata, however, may not be used in any advertising or publicity
 * to endorse or promote any products or commercial entity unless specific
 * written permission is obtained from UCAR/Unidata. The user also
 * understands that UCAR/Unidata is not obligated to provide the user with
 * any support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind with regard
 * to the use, operation and performance of this software nor to provide
 * the user with any updates, revisions, new versions or "bug fixes."
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY UCAR/UNIDATA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL UCAR/UNIDATA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
 * INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
 * FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE ACCESS, USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */
package ucar.nc2.dods;

import ucar.ma2.*;
import ucar.nc2.*;
import ucar.nc2.Attribute;
import ucar.nc2.iosp.IospHelper;
import ucar.nc2.constants._Coordinate;
import ucar.nc2.util.*;

import opendap.dap.*;
import opendap.dap.parser.*;
import ucar.unidata.util.StringUtil;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;

/**
 * Access to DODS datasets through the Netcdf API.
 *
 * @author caron
 * @see ucar.nc2.NetcdfFile
 */

public class DODSNetcdfFile extends ucar.nc2.NetcdfFile {
  static public boolean debugCE = false;
  static public boolean debugServerCall = false;
  static public boolean debugOpenResult = false;
  static public boolean debugDataResult = false;
  static public boolean debugCharArray = false;
  static public boolean debugConvertData = false;
  static public boolean debugConstruct = false;
  static public boolean debugPreload = false;
  static public boolean debugTime = false;
  static public boolean showNCfile = false;
  static public boolean debugAttributes = false;
  static public boolean debugCached = false;

  /**
   * Set whether to allow sessions by allowing cookies. This only affects requests to the TDS.
   * Setting this to true can eliminate consistency problems for datasets that are being updated.
   *
   * @param b true or false. default is false.
   */
  static public void setAllowSessions(boolean b) {
    DConnect2.setAllowSessions(b);
  }

  static private boolean accept_compress = false;

  /**
   * Set whether to allow messages to be compressed.
   *
   * @param b true or false.
   * @deprecated use setAllowCompression
   */
  static public void setAllowDeflate(boolean b) {
    accept_compress = b;
  }

  /**
   * Set whether to allow messages to be compressed.
   *
   * @param b true or false.
   */
  static public void setAllowCompression(boolean b) {
    accept_compress = b;
  }

  /**
   * Debugging flags. This is a way to decouple setting flags from particular implementations.
   *
   * @param debugFlag set of debug flags.
   */
  static public void setDebugFlags(ucar.nc2.util.DebugFlags debugFlag) {
    debugCE = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/constraintExpression");
    debugServerCall = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/serverCall");
    debugOpenResult = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/debugOpenResult");
    debugDataResult = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/debugDataResult");
    debugCharArray = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/charArray");
    debugConstruct = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/constructNetcdf");
    debugPreload = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/preload");
    debugTime = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/timeCalls");
    showNCfile = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/showNCfile");
    debugAttributes = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/attributes");
    debugCached = debugFlag.isSet("DODS/cache");
  }

  static private boolean preload = true;
  static private boolean useGroups = false;
  static private int preloadCoordVarSize = 50000; // default 50K

  /**
   * Set whether small variables are preloaded; only turn off for debugging.
   *
   * @param b true if small variables are preloaded (default true)
   */
  static public void setPreload(boolean b) {
    preload = b;
  }

  /**
   * If preloading, set maximum size of coordinate variables to be preloaded.
   *
   * @param size maximum size of coordinate variables to be preloaded.
   */
  static public void setCoordinateVariablePreloadSize(int size) {
    preloadCoordVarSize = size;
  }

  /**
   * Create the canonical form of the URL.
   * If the urlName starts with "http:", change it to start with "dods:", otherwise
   * leave it alone.
   *
   * @param urlName the url string
   * @return canonical form
   */
  public static String canonicalURL(String urlName) {
    if (urlName.startsWith("http:"))
      return "dods:" + urlName.substring(5);
    return urlName;
  }

  static private org.slf4j.Logger logger = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(DODSNetcdfFile.class);

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  private ConvertD2N convertD2N = new ConvertD2N();
  private DConnect2 dodsConnection = null;
  private DDS dds;
  private DAS das;

  /**
   * Open a DODS file.
   *
   * @param datasetURL URL of the file. This should start with the protocol "dods:"
   *                   It may also start with protocol "http:".
   * @throws IOException                    on io error
   * @throws java.net.MalformedURLException
   */
  public DODSNetcdfFile(String datasetURL) throws IOException {
    this(datasetURL, null);
  }

  /**
   * Open a DODS file, allow user control over preloading string arrays and making structure data
   * available through netcdf API.
   *
   * @param datasetURL URL of the file. This should start with the protocol "dods:" or "http:".
   * @param cancelTask check if task is cancelled. may be null.
   * @throws IOException                    on io error
   * @throws java.net.MalformedURLException
   */
  public DODSNetcdfFile(String datasetURL, CancelTask cancelTask) throws IOException {
    super();

    // canonicalize name
    String urlName = datasetURL; // actual URL uses http:
    this.location = datasetURL; // canonical name uses "dods:"
    if (datasetURL.startsWith("dods:")) {
      urlName = "http:" + datasetURL.substring(5);
    } else if (datasetURL.startsWith("http:")) {
      this.location = "dods:" + datasetURL.substring(5);
    } else {
      throw new java.net.MalformedURLException(datasetURL + " must start with dods: or http:");
    }

    if (debugServerCall) System.out.println("DConnect to = <" + urlName + ">");
    dodsConnection = new DConnect2(urlName, accept_compress);
    if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

    // fetch the DDS and DAS
    try {
      dds = dodsConnection.getDDS();
      if (debugServerCall) System.out.println("DODSNetcdfFile readDDS");
      if (debugOpenResult) {
        System.out.println("DDS = ");
        dds.print(System.out);
      }
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

      das = dodsConnection.getDAS();
      if (debugServerCall) System.out.println("DODSNetcdfFile readDAS");
      if (debugOpenResult) {
        System.out.println("DAS = ");
        das.print(System.out);
      }
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

      if (debugOpenResult)
        System.out.println("dodsVersion = " + dodsConnection.getServerVersion());

    } catch (opendap.dap.parser.ParseException e) {
      logger.info("DODSNetcdfFile " + datasetURL, e);
      if (debugOpenResult)
        System.out.println("open failure = " + e.getMessage());
      throw new IOException(e.getMessage());

    } catch (opendap.dap.DASException e) {
      logger.info("DODSNetcdfFile " + datasetURL, e);
      if (debugOpenResult)
        System.out.println("open failure = " + e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
      throw new IOException(e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());

    } catch (opendap.dap.DDSException e) {
      logger.info("DODSNetcdfFile " + datasetURL, e);
      if (debugOpenResult)
        System.out.println("open failure = " + e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
      throw new IOException(e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());

    } catch (DAP2Exception dodsE) {
      //dodsE.printStackTrace();
      if (dodsE.getErrorCode() == DAP2Exception.NO_SUCH_FILE)
        throw new FileNotFoundException(dodsE.getMessage());
      else {
        dodsE.printStackTrace(System.err);
        throw new IOException(dodsE);
      }

    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.info("DODSNetcdfFile " + datasetURL, e);
      if (debugOpenResult)
        System.out.println("open failure = " + e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
      throw new IOException(e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
    }

    // now initialize the DODSNetcdf metadata
    DodsV rootDodsV = DodsV.parseDDS(dds);
    rootDodsV.parseDAS(das);
    if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

    // LOOK why do we want to do the primitives seperate from compounds?
    constructTopVariables(rootDodsV, cancelTask);
    if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

    //preload(dodsVlist, cancelTask); LOOK not using preload yet
    //if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

    constructConstructors(rootDodsV, cancelTask);
    if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
    finish();

    parseGlobalAttributes(das, rootDodsV);
    if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

    /* look for coordinate variables
    for (Variable v : variables) {
      if (v instanceof DODSVariable)
        ((DODSVariable) v).calcIsCoordinateVariable();
    } */

    // see if theres a CE: if so, we need to reset the dodsConnection without it,
    // since we are reusing dodsConnection; perhaps this is not needed?
    // may be true now that weve consolidated metadata reading
    // no comprende
    int pos;
    if (0 <= (pos = urlName.indexOf('?'))) {
      String datasetName = urlName.substring(0, pos);
      if (debugServerCall) System.out.println(" reconnect to = <" + datasetName + ">");
      dodsConnection = new DConnect2(datasetName, accept_compress);

      // parse the CE for projections
      String CE = urlName.substring(pos + 1);
      StringTokenizer stoke = new StringTokenizer(CE, " ,");
      while (stoke.hasMoreTokens()) {
        String proj = stoke.nextToken();
        int subsetPos = proj.indexOf('[');
        if (debugCE) System.out.println(" CE = " + proj + " " + subsetPos);
        if (subsetPos > 0) {
          String vname = proj.substring(0, subsetPos);
          String vCE = proj.substring(subsetPos);
          if (debugCE) System.out.println(" vCE = <" + vname + "><" + vCE + ">");
          DODSVariable dodsVar = (DODSVariable) findVariable(vname); // LOOK must be escaped ??
          dodsVar.setCE(vCE);
          dodsVar.setCaching(true);
        }
      }
    }

    // preload scalers, coordinate variables, strings, small arrays
    if (preload) {
      List preloadList = new ArrayList();
      for (Variable dodsVar : variables) {
        long size = dodsVar.getSize() * dodsVar.getElementSize();
        if ((dodsVar.isCoordinateVariable() && size < preloadCoordVarSize) || dodsVar.isCaching() || dodsVar.getDataType() == DataType.STRING) {
          dodsVar.setCaching(true);
          preloadList.add(dodsVar);
          if (debugPreload) System.out.println("  preload" + dodsVar);
        }
      }
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
      readArrays(preloadList);
    }

    finish();
    if (showNCfile) System.out.println("DODS nc file = " + this);
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized void close() throws java.io.IOException {
    if (null != dodsConnection)
      dodsConnection.closeSession();

    if (cache != null) {
      unlocked = true;
      cache.release(this);

    } else {
      dodsConnection = null;
    }

  }

  @Override
  public boolean sync() throws IOException {
    unlocked = false;

    return (spi != null) && spi.sync();
  }

  /* parse the DDS, creating a tree of DodsV objects
  private ArrayList parseDDS(DDS dds) throws IOException {
    ArrayList dodsVlist  = new ArrayList();

    // recursively get the Variables from the DDS
    Enumeration variables = dds.getVariables();
    parseVariables( null, variables, dodsVlist);

    // assign depth first sequence number
    nextInSequence = 0;
    assignSequence( dodsVlist);
    return dodsVlist;
  }

  // DDS -> {BaseType} for arrays, BaseType = DArray -> {elemType}
  // here we 1) put all Variables into a DodsV, 2) unravel DConstructors (DSequence, DStructure, DGrid)
  // 3) for Darray, we put Variable = elemType, and store the darray seperately, not in the heirarchy.
  // so you need to get the parent from the dodsV.
  private void parseVariables( DodsV parent, Enumeration variables, ArrayList dodsVlist) {
    while (variables.hasMoreElements()) {
      dods.dap.BaseType bt = (dods.dap.BaseType) variables.nextElement();
      DodsV dodsV = new DodsV( parent, bt);
      dodsVlist.add(dodsV);
      if (bt instanceof DConstructor) {
        DConstructor dcon = (DConstructor) bt;
        java.util.Enumeration enumerate2 = dcon.getVariables();
        parseVariables( dodsV, enumerate2, dodsV.children);

      } else if (bt instanceof DArray) {
        DArray da = (DArray) bt;

        BaseType elemType = da.getPrimitiveVector().getTemplate();
        dodsV.bt = elemType;
        dodsV.darray = da;

        if (elemType instanceof DConstructor) { // note that for DataDDS, cant traverse this further to find the data.
          DConstructor dcon = (DConstructor) elemType;
          java.util.Enumeration nestedVariables = dcon.getVariables();
          parseVariables( dodsV, nestedVariables, dodsV.children);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // assign depth first sequence number
  private int nextInSequence = 0;
  private void assignSequence( ArrayList dodsVlist) {
    for (int i = 0; i < dodsVlist.size(); i++) {
      DodsV dodsV =  (DodsV) dodsVlist.get(i);
      assignSequence( dodsV.children);
      dodsV.seq = nextInSequence;
      nextInSequence++;
    }
  }

  // parse the DAS, assign attribute tables to the DodsV objects.
  // nested attribute tables actuallly follow the tree we construct with dodsV, so its
  // easy to assign to correct dodsV.
  private void parseDAS(DAS das, ArrayList dodsVlist) throws IOException {
    // recursively find the Attributes from the DAS
    Enumeration tableNames = das.getNames();
    parseAttributes( das, tableNames, dodsVlist);
  }

  private void parseAttributes( DAS das, Enumeration tableNames, ArrayList dodsVlist) {
    while (tableNames.hasMoreElements()) {
      String tableName = (String) tableNames.nextElement();
      AttributeTable attTable = das.getAttributeTable( tableName);

      // see if there's a matching variable
      String name = attTable.getName();
      DodsV dodsV = findDodsV( name, dodsVlist, false); // short name matches the table name
      if (dodsV != null) {
        dodsV.attTable = attTable;
        if (debugAttributes) System.out.println("DODSNetcdf getAttributes found <"+name+"> :");
        continue;
      }
      if (debugAttributes) System.out.println("DODSNetcdf getAttributes CANT find <"+name+"> :");
    }
  }

  // search the list for a BaseType with given name
  private DodsV findDodsV( String name, ArrayList dodsVlist, boolean useDone ) {
    for (int i = 0; i < dodsVlist.size(); i++) {
      DodsV dodsV =  (DodsV) dodsVlist.get(i);
      if (useDone && dodsV.isDone) continue;
      if (name.equals( dodsV.bt.getName()))
        return dodsV;
    }
    return null;
  }

  // find the DodsV object in the dataVlist corresponding to the ddsV
  private DodsV findDataV( DodsV ddsV, ArrayList dataVlist ) {
    if (ddsV.parent != null) {
      DodsV parentV = findDataV( ddsV.parent, dataVlist);
      if (parentV == null) // dataDDS may not have the structure wrapper
        return findDodsV( ddsV.bt.getName(), dataVlist, true);
      return findDodsV( ddsV.bt.getName(), parentV.children, true);
    }

    DodsV dataV =  findDodsV( ddsV.bt.getName(), dataVlist, true);
    /* if ((dataV == null) && (ddsV.bt instanceof DGrid)) { // when asking for the Grid array
      DodsV gridArray = (DodsV) ddsV.children.get(0);
      return findDodsV( gridArray.bt.getName(), dataVlist, true);
    } *
    return dataV;
  }

  /* a container for dods basetypes, so we can add some stuff as we process it
  class DodsV implements Comparable {
    //String name; // full name
    BaseType bt;
    DodsV parent;
    ArrayList children = new ArrayList();
    DArray darray; // if its an array
    AttributeTable attTable;
    Array data; // preload
    boolean isDone; // nc var has been made
    int seq; // "depth first" order

    DodsV( DodsV parent, BaseType bt) {
      this.parent = parent;
      this.bt = bt;
    }

    public int compareTo(Object o) {
       return seq - ((DodsV)o).seq;
    }
  } */

  private void parseGlobalAttributes(DAS das, DodsV root) {

    List atts = root.attributes;
    for (DODSAttribute ncatt : atts) {
      rootGroup.addAttribute(ncatt);
    }

    // loop over attribute tables, collect global attributes
    java.util.Enumeration tableNames = das.getNames();
    while (tableNames.hasMoreElements()) {
      String tableName = (String) tableNames.nextElement();
      AttributeTable attTable = das.getAttributeTableN(tableName);

      /* if (tableName.equals("NC_GLOBAL") || tableName.equals("HDF_GLOBAL")) {
        java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
        while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
          String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
          dods.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);

          DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute( attName, att);
          addAttribute( null, ncatt);
        }

      } else */

      if (tableName.equals("DODS_EXTRA")) {
        java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
        while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
          String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
          if (attName.equals("Unlimited_Dimension")) {
            opendap.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
            DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute(attName, att);
            setUnlimited(ncatt.getStringValue());
          } else
            logger.warn(" Unknown DODS_EXTRA attribute = " + attName + " " + location);
        }

      } else if (tableName.equals("EXTRA_DIMENSION")) {
        java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
        while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
          String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
          opendap.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
          DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute(attName, att);
          int length = ncatt.getNumericValue().intValue();
          Dimension extraDim = new Dimension(attName, length);
          addDimension(null, extraDim);
        }

      } /* else if (null == root.findDodsV( tableName, false)) {
        addAttributes(attTable.getName(), attTable);
      } */
    }
  }

  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /* private void preload(ArrayList dodsVlist, CancelTask cancelTask) throws IOException {
    //Build up the request
    StringBuffer requestString = new StringBuffer ();
    requestString.append ( "?");
    ArrayList wantList = new ArrayList();
    preloadFindMaps( dodsVlist, requestString, wantList);

    if (wantList.size() == 0) return;

    try {
      DodsV flatDataList = DodsV.parseDDS( readDataDDSfromServer (requestString.toString()));
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;

      for (int i = 0; i < wantList.size(); i++) {
        DodsV v = (DodsV) wantList.get(i);
        DodsV dataV = (DodsV) flatDataList.children.get(i);
        v.data = convertMapData( dataV.darray);
        if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
      }

     } catch (Exception exc) {
      System.err.println ("Error:" + exc);
      exc.printStackTrace ();
      throw new IOException( exc.getMessage());
    }
  }

  private void preloadFindMaps( ArrayList dodsVlist, StringBuffer result, ArrayList want) {
    for (int i = 0; i < dodsVlist.size(); i++) {
      DodsV dodsV =  (DodsV) dodsVlist.get(i);
      if (dodsV.bt instanceof DGrid) {
        List maps = dodsV.children;
        for (int j = 1; j < maps.size(); j++) {
          DodsV map = (DodsV) maps.get(j);
          if (want.size() > 0) result.append( ",");
          want.add( map);
          result.append( makeDODSname( map));
        }
      }
      // recurse
      if (dodsV.bt instanceof DStructure) {
        preloadFindMaps( dodsV.children, result, want);
      }
    }
  }

  private Array convertMapData( DArray da) {
      // gotta be a DVector with primitive type
    dods.dap.PrimitiveVector pv = da.getPrimitiveVector();
    BaseType elemType = pv.getTemplate();

    Object storage = pv.getInternalStorage();
    storage = widenArray( pv, storage); // data conversion if needed

     // create the array, using  DODS internal array so there's no copying
    return Array.factory( convertToNCType( elemType).getPrimitiveClassType(), makeShape( da), storage);
  } */

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  private void constructTopVariables(DodsV rootDodsV, CancelTask cancelTask) throws IOException {
    List topVariables = rootDodsV.children;
    for (DodsV dodsV : topVariables) {
      if (dodsV.bt instanceof DConstructor) continue;

      addVariable(rootGroup, null, dodsV);
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
    }
  }

  private void constructConstructors(DodsV rootDodsV, CancelTask cancelTask) throws IOException {
    List topVariables = rootDodsV.children;
    // do non-grids first
    for (DodsV dodsV : topVariables) {
      if (dodsV.isDone) continue;
      if (dodsV.bt instanceof DGrid) continue;
      addVariable(rootGroup, null, dodsV);
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
    }

    // then do the grids
    for (DodsV dodsV : topVariables) {
      if (dodsV.isDone) continue;
      addVariable(rootGroup, null, dodsV);
      if (cancelTask != null && cancelTask.isCancel()) return;
    }
  }

  // recursively make new variables: all new variables come through here

  Variable addVariable(Group parentGroup, Structure parentStructure, DodsV dodsV) throws IOException {
    Variable v = makeVariable(parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsV);
    if (v != null) {
      addAttributes(v, dodsV);
      if (parentStructure == null)
        parentGroup.addVariable(v);
      else
        parentStructure.addMemberVariable(v);

      dodsV.isDone = true;
    }
    return v;
  }

  private Variable makeVariable(Group parentGroup, Structure parentStructure, DodsV dodsV) throws IOException {

    opendap.dap.BaseType dodsBT = dodsV.bt;
    String dodsShortName = dodsBT.getName();
    if (debugConstruct) System.out.print("DODSNetcdf makeVariable try to init <" + dodsShortName + "> :");

    // Strings
    if (dodsBT instanceof DString) {
      if (dodsV.darray == null) {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println("  assigned to DString: name = " + dodsShortName);
        return new DODSVariable(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsBT, dodsV);
      } else {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println("  assigned to Array of Strings: name = " + dodsShortName);
        return new DODSVariable(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV.darray, dodsBT, dodsV);
      }

      // primitives
    } else if ((dodsBT instanceof DByte) ||
            (dodsBT instanceof DFloat32) || (dodsBT instanceof DFloat64) ||
            (dodsBT instanceof DInt16) || (dodsBT instanceof DInt32) ||
            (dodsBT instanceof DUInt16) || (dodsBT instanceof DUInt32)) {
      if (dodsV.darray == null) {
        if (debugConstruct)
          System.out.println("  assigned to scalar " + dodsBT.getTypeName() + ": name = " + dodsShortName);
        return new DODSVariable(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsBT, dodsV);
      } else {
        if (debugConstruct)
          System.out.println("  assigned to array of type " + dodsBT.getClass().getName() + ": name = " + dodsShortName);
        return new DODSVariable(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV.darray, dodsBT, dodsV);
      }
    }

    if (dodsBT instanceof DGrid) {
      if (dodsV.darray == null) {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" assigned to DGrid <" + dodsShortName + ">");

        //  common case is that the map vectors already exist as top level variables
        // this is how the netccdf servers do it
        for (int i = 1; i < dodsV.children.size(); i++) {
          DodsV map = dodsV.children.get(i);
          String shortName = DODSNetcdfFile.makeNetcdfName(map.bt.getName());
          Variable mapV = parentGroup.findVariable(shortName); // LOOK WRONG
          if (mapV == null) {        // if not, add it LOOK need to compare values
            mapV = addVariable(parentGroup, parentStructure, map);
            makeCoordinateVariable(parentGroup, mapV, map.data);

          } else if (!mapV.isCoordinateVariable()) { // workaround for Grid HDF4 wierdness (see note 1 below)
            makeCoordinateVariable(parentGroup, mapV, map.data);
          }
        }

        return new DODSGrid(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV);

      } else {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" ERROR! array of DGrid <" + dodsShortName + ">");
        return null;
      }

    } else if (dodsBT instanceof DSequence) {
      if (dodsV.darray == null) {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" assigned to DSequence <" + dodsShortName + ">");
        return new DODSStructure(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV);
      } else {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" ERROR! array of DSequence <" + dodsShortName + ">");
        return null;
      }

    } else if (dodsBT instanceof DStructure) {
      DStructure dstruct = (DStructure) dodsBT;
      if (dodsV.darray == null) {
        if (useGroups && (parentStructure == null) && isGroup(dstruct)) { // turn into a group
          if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" assigned to Group <" + dodsShortName + ">");
          Group g = new Group(this, parentGroup, DODSNetcdfFile.makeNetcdfName(dodsShortName));
          addAttributes(g, dodsV);
          parentGroup.addGroup(g);

          for (DodsV nested : dodsV.children) {
            addVariable(g, null, nested);
          }
          return null;
        } else {
          if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" assigned to DStructure <" + dodsShortName + ">");
          return new DODSStructure(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV);
        }
      } else {
        if (debugConstruct) System.out.println(" assigned to Array of DStructure <" + dodsShortName + "> ");
        return new DODSStructure(this, parentGroup, parentStructure, dodsShortName, dodsV.darray, dodsV);
      }

    } else {
      logger.warn("DODSNetcdf " + location + " didnt process basetype <" + dodsBT.getTypeName() + "> variable = " + dodsShortName);
      return null;
    }

  }

  private void makeCoordinateVariable(Group parentGroup, Variable v, Array data) {
    String name = v.getShortName();

    // replace in Variable
    Dimension oldDimension = v.getDimension(0);
    Dimension newDimension = new Dimension(name, oldDimension.getLength());
    // newDimension.setCoordinateAxis( v); calcCoordinateVaribale will do this
    v.setDimension(0, newDimension);

    // replace old (if it exists) in Group with shared dimension
    Dimension old = parentGroup.findDimension(name);
    parentGroup.remove(old);
    parentGroup.addDimension(newDimension);

    // might as well cache the data
    if (data != null) {
      v.setCachedData(data);
      if (debugCached) System.out.println(" cache for <" + name + "> length =" + data.getSize());
    }
  }

  // make a structure into a group if its scalar and all parents are groups

  private boolean isGroup(DStructure dstruct) {
    BaseType parent = dstruct.getParent();
    if (parent == null) return true;
    if (parent instanceof DStructure)
      return isGroup((DStructure) parent);
    return true;
  }

  /* private void addAttributes(String tableName, AttributeTable attTable) {

    java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
    while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
      String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
      dods.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
      if (!att.isContainer()) {
        DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute( tableName +"." + attName, att);
        addAttribute( null, ncatt);
        if (debugAttributes) System.out.println(" addAttribute = "+tableName +"." + attName);
      }
    }

    try {
      // look for nested ones
      attNames = attTable.getNames();
      while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
        String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
        dods.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
        if (att.isContainer()) {
          addAttributes(tableName +"."+attName, att.getContainer());
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {} // WRONG
    // } catch (NoSuchAttributeException e) {}
  }

  // an attTable name matches a Variable
  private void addAttributes(Variable v, AttributeTable attTable) {
    if (attTable == null) return;
    if (debugAttributes) System.out.println(" addAttributes to "+v.getName());

    java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
    while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
      String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
      dods.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
      if (att == null) continue;
      if (!att.isContainer()) {
        DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute( attName, att);
        v.addAttribute( ncatt);
      } else if (v instanceof Structure) {
        Structure s = (Structure) v;
        Variable member = s.findVariable( att.getName());
        if (member != null) {
          addAttributes(member, att.getContainer());
        } else {
          if (debugAttributes) System.out.println("Cant find nested Variable "+ att.getName()+" in "+v.getName());
        }
      } else {
        if (debugAttributes) System.out.println("Container attribute "+ att.getName()+" in non structure variables"+v.getName());
      }
    }
  } */

  private void addAttributes(Variable v, DodsV dodsV) {
    List atts = dodsV.attributes;
    for (DODSAttribute ncatt : atts) {
      v.addAttribute(ncatt);
    }

    // this is the case where its (probably) a Grid, and so _Coordinate.Axes has been assigned, but if
    // theres also a coordinates attribute, need to add that info
    Attribute axes = v.findAttribute("coordinates");
    Attribute _axes = v.findAttribute(_Coordinate.Axes);
    if ((null != axes) && (null != _axes)) {
      v.addAttribute(new Attribute(_Coordinate.Axes, axes.getStringValue() + " " + _axes.getStringValue()));
    }
  }

  private void addAttributes(Group g, DodsV dodsV) {
    List atts = dodsV.attributes;
    for (DODSAttribute ncatt : atts) {
      g.addAttribute(ncatt);
    }
  }

  /* an attTable name matches a Group
  private void addAttributes(Group g, AttributeTable attTable) {
    if (attTable == null) return;
    if (debugAttributes) System.out.println(" addAttributes to Group "+g.getName());

    java.util.Enumeration attNames = attTable.getNames();
    while (attNames.hasMoreElements()) {
      String attName = (String) attNames.nextElement();
      dods.dap.Attribute att = attTable.getAttribute(attName);
      if (att == null) continue;
      if (!att.isContainer()) {
        DODSAttribute ncatt = new DODSAttribute( attName, att);
        g.addAttribute( ncatt);
      } /* else {
        Variable member = g.findVariable( attTable.getName());
        if (member != null) {
          addAttributes(member, att.getContainer());
        } else {
          Group nested = g.findGroup( attTable.getName());
          if (nested != null) {
            addAttributes(nested, att.getContainer());
          } else {
            System.out.println("Cant find nested place for nested attribute "+ attTable.getName()+" in group "+g.getName());
          }
        }
      } //
    }
  }  */


  /**
   * Checks to see if this is netcdf char array.
   *
   * @param v must be type STRING
   * @return string length dimension, else null
   */
  Dimension getNetcdfStrlenDim(DODSVariable v) {
    AttributeTable table = das.getAttributeTableN(v.getName()); // LOOK this probably doesnt work for nested variables
    if (table == null) return null;

    opendap.dap.Attribute dodsAtt = table.getAttribute("DODS");
    if (dodsAtt == null) return null;

    AttributeTable dodsTable = dodsAtt.getContainerN();
    if (dodsTable == null) return null;

    opendap.dap.Attribute att = dodsTable.getAttribute("strlen");
    if (att == null) return null;
    String strlen = att.getValueAtN(0);

    opendap.dap.Attribute att2 = dodsTable.getAttribute("dimName");
    String dimName = (att2 == null) ? null : att2.getValueAtN(0);
    if (debugCharArray) System.out.println(v.getName() + " has strlen= " + strlen + " dimName= " + dimName);

    int dimLength;
    try {
      dimLength = Integer.parseInt(strlen);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      logger.warn("DODSNetcdfFile " + location + " var = " + v.getName() + " error on strlen attribute = " + strlen);
      return null;
    }

    if (dimLength <= 0) return null; // LOOK what about unlimited ??
    return new Dimension(dimName, dimLength, dimName != null);
  }

  /**
   * If an equivilent shared dimension already exists, use it, else add d to shared dimensions.
   * Equivilent is same name and length.
   *
   * @param group from this group, if null, use rootGroup
   * @param d     find equivilent shared dimension to this one.
   * @return equivilent shared dimension or d.
   */
  Dimension getSharedDimension(Group group, Dimension d) {
    if (d.getName() == null) return d;

    if (group == null) group = rootGroup;
    for (Dimension sd : group.getDimensions()) {
      if (sd.getName().equals(d.getName()) && sd.getLength() == d.getLength())
        return sd;
    }
    d.setShared(true);
    group.addDimension(d);
    return d;
  }

  // construct list of dimensions to use

  List constructDimensions(Group group, opendap.dap.DArray dodsArray) {
    if (group == null) group = rootGroup;

    List dims = new ArrayList();
    Enumeration enumerate = dodsArray.getDimensions();
    while (enumerate.hasMoreElements()) {
      opendap.dap.DArrayDimension dad = (opendap.dap.DArrayDimension) enumerate.nextElement();
      String name = dad.getName();
      if (name != null)
        name = StringUtil.unescape(dad.getName());

      Dimension myd;

      if (name == null) { // if no name, make an anonymous dimension
        myd = new Dimension("", dad.getSize(), false);

      } else { // see if shared
        myd = group.findDimension(name);
        if (myd == null) { // add as shared
          myd = new Dimension(name, dad.getSize());
          group.addDimension(myd);
        } else if (myd.getLength() != dad.getSize()) { // make a non-shared dimension
          myd = new Dimension(name, dad.getSize(), false);
        } // else use existing, shared dimension
      }
      dims.add(myd); // add it to the list
    }

    return dims;
  }

  private void setUnlimited(String dimName) {
    Dimension dim = rootGroup.findDimension(dimName);
    if (dim != null)
      dim.setUnlimited(true);
    else
      logger.error(" DODS Unlimited_Dimension = " + dimName + " not found on " + location);
  }

  protected int[] makeShape(opendap.dap.DArray dodsArray) {
    int count = 0;
    Enumeration enumerate = dodsArray.getDimensions();
    while (enumerate.hasMoreElements()) {
      count++;
      enumerate.nextElement();
    }

    int[] shape = new int[count];
    enumerate = dodsArray.getDimensions();
    count = 0;
    while (enumerate.hasMoreElements()) {
      opendap.dap.DArrayDimension dad = (opendap.dap.DArrayDimension) enumerate.nextElement();
      shape[count++] = dad.getSize();
    }

    return shape;
  }

  // kludge for single inheritence

  static public String getDODSshortName(Variable var) {
    if (var instanceof DODSVariable)
      return ((DODSVariable) var).getDODSshortName();
    else if (var instanceof DODSStructure)
      return ((DODSStructure) var).getDODSshortName();
    else
      return null;
  }

  /* full name
  private String makeDODSname(Variable dodsV) {
    if (dodsV.isMemberOfStructure())
      return makeDODSname(dodsV.getParentStructure()) + "." + getDODSshortName(dodsV);

    Group parent = dodsV.getParentGroup();
    if (parent != rootGroup)
      return parent.getShortName() + "." + getDODSshortName(dodsV);
    else
      return getDODSshortName(dodsV);
  } */

  // full name

  private String makeDODSname(DodsV dodsV) {
    DodsV parent = dodsV.parent;
    if (parent.bt != null)
      return (makeDODSname(parent) + "." + dodsV.bt.getName());
    return dodsV.bt.getName();
  }

  static String makeNetcdfName(String name) {
    return StringUtil.unescape(name);
  }

  /**
   * Get the DODS data class corresponding to the Netcdf data type.
   * This is the inverse of convertToNCType().
   *
   * @param dataType   Netcdf data type.
   * @param isUnsigned if its unsigned
   * @return the corresponding DODS type enum, from opendap.dap.Attribute.XXXX.
   */
  static public int convertToDODSType(DataType dataType, boolean isUnsigned) {

    if (dataType == DataType.STRING)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.STRING;
    if (dataType == DataType.BYTE)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.BYTE;
    if (dataType == DataType.FLOAT)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.FLOAT32;
    if (dataType == DataType.DOUBLE)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.FLOAT64;
    if (dataType == DataType.SHORT)
      return isUnsigned ? opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT16 : opendap.dap.Attribute.INT16;
    if (dataType == DataType.INT)
      return isUnsigned ? opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT32 : opendap.dap.Attribute.INT32;
    if (dataType == DataType.BOOLEAN)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.BYTE;
    if (dataType == DataType.LONG)
      return opendap.dap.Attribute.INT32; // LOOK no LONG type!

    // shouldnt happen
    return opendap.dap.Attribute.STRING;
  }

  /**
   * Get the Netcdf data type corresponding to the DODS data type.
   * This is the inverse of convertToDODSType().
   *
   * @param dodsDataType DODS type enum, from dods.dap.Attribute.XXXX.
   * @return the corresponding netcdf DataType.
   * @see #isUnsigned
   */
  static public DataType convertToNCType(int dodsDataType) {
    switch (dodsDataType) {
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.BYTE:
        return DataType.BYTE;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.FLOAT32:
        return DataType.FLOAT;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.FLOAT64:
        return DataType.DOUBLE;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.INT16:
        return DataType.SHORT;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT16:
        return DataType.SHORT;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.INT32:
        return DataType.INT;
      case opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT32:
        return DataType.INT;
      default:
        return DataType.STRING;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get whether this is an unsigned type.
   *
   * @param dodsDataType DODS type enum, from dods.dap.Attribute.XXXX.
   * @return true if unsigned
   */
  static public boolean isUnsigned(int dodsDataType) {
    return (dodsDataType == opendap.dap.Attribute.BYTE) ||
            (dodsDataType == opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT16) ||
            (dodsDataType == opendap.dap.Attribute.UINT32);
  }

  /**
   * Get the Netcdf data type corresponding to the DODS BaseType class.
   * This is the inverse of convertToDODSType().
   *
   * @param dtype DODS BaseType.
   * @return the corresponding netcdf DataType.
   * @see #isUnsigned
   */
  static public DataType convertToNCType(opendap.dap.BaseType dtype) {

    if (dtype instanceof DString)
      return DataType.STRING;
    else if ((dtype instanceof DStructure) || (dtype instanceof DSequence) || (dtype instanceof DGrid))
      return DataType.STRUCTURE;
    else if (dtype instanceof DFloat32)
      return DataType.FLOAT;
    else if (dtype instanceof DFloat64)
      return DataType.DOUBLE;
    else if (dtype instanceof DUInt32)
      return DataType.INT;
    else if (dtype instanceof DUInt16)
      return DataType.SHORT;
    else if (dtype instanceof DInt32)
      return DataType.INT;
    else if (dtype instanceof DInt16)
      return DataType.SHORT;
    else if (dtype instanceof DByte)
      return DataType.BYTE;
    else
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("DODSVariable illegal type = " + dtype.getTypeName());
  }

  /**
   * Get whether this is an unsigned type.
   *
   * @param dtype DODS BaseType.
   * @return true if unsigned
   */
  static public boolean isUnsigned(opendap.dap.BaseType dtype) {
    return (dtype instanceof DByte) ||
            (dtype instanceof DUInt16) ||
            (dtype instanceof DUInt32);
  }

  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * This does the actual connection to the opendap server and reading of the data.
   * All data calls go through here so we can add debugging.
   *
   * @param CE constraint expression; use empty string if none
   * @return DataDDS
   * @throws java.io.IOException       on io error
   * @throws opendap.dap.parser.ParseException
   *                                   if error parsing return
   * @throws opendap.dap.DAP2Exception if you have otherwise been bad
   */
  DataDDS readDataDDSfromServer(String CE) throws IOException, opendap.dap.parser.ParseException, opendap.dap.DAP2Exception {
    if (debugServerCall) System.out.println("DODSNetcdfFile.readDataDDSfromServer = <" + CE + ">");

    long start = 0;
    if (debugTime) start = System.currentTimeMillis();

    if (!CE.startsWith("?"))
      CE = "?" + CE;
    DataDDS data = dodsConnection.getData(CE, null);

    if (debugTime)
      System.out.println("DODSNetcdfFile.readDataDDSfromServer took = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0);

    if (debugDataResult) {
      System.out.println(" dataDDS return:");
      data.print(System.out);
    }

    return data;
  }

  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // ALL the I/O goes through these  routines
  // called from ucar.nc2.Variable

  /**
   * Make a single call to the DODS Server to read all the named variable's data
   * in one client/server roundtrip.
   *
   * @param preloadVariables list of type Variable
   * @return list of type Array, contains the data
   * @throws IOException on error
   */
  @Override
  public List readArrays(List preloadVariables) throws IOException {
    //For performance tests:
    //if (true) return super.readArrays (variables);
    if (preloadVariables.size() == 0) return new ArrayList();

    // construct the list of variables, skipping ones with cached data
    List reqDodsVlist = new ArrayList();
    DodsV root;
    for (Variable var : preloadVariables) {
      if (var.hasCachedData()) continue;
      reqDodsVlist.add((DodsV) var.getSPobject());
    }
    Collections.sort(reqDodsVlist); // "depth first" order

    // read the data
    DataDDS dataDDS;
    Map map = new HashMap(2 * reqDodsVlist.size() + 1);
    if (reqDodsVlist.size() > 0) {

      // Create the request
      StringBuilder requestString = new StringBuilder();
      for (int i = 0; i < reqDodsVlist.size(); i++) {
        DodsV dodsV = reqDodsVlist.get(i);
        requestString.append(i == 0 ? "?" : ",");
        requestString.append(makeDODSname(dodsV));
      }

      try {
        dataDDS = readDataDDSfromServer(requestString.toString());
        root = DodsV.parseDataDDS(dataDDS);

      } catch (Exception exc) {
        logger.error("ERROR readDataDDSfromServer on " + requestString, exc);
        throw new IOException(exc.getMessage());
      }

      // gotta find the corresponding data in "depth first" order
      for (DodsV ddsV : reqDodsVlist) {
        DodsV dataV = root.findDataV(ddsV);
        if (dataV != null) {
          if (debugConvertData) System.out.println("readArray found dataV= " + makeDODSname(ddsV));
          dataV.isDone = true;
          map.put(ddsV, dataV); // thread safe!
        } else {
          logger.error("ERROR findDataV cant find " + makeDODSname(ddsV) + " on " + location);
        }
      }
    }

    // For each variable either extract the data or use cached data.
    List result = new ArrayList();
    for (Variable var : preloadVariables) {
      if (var.hasCachedData()) {
        result.add(var.read());

      } else {
        Array data = null;
        DodsV ddsV = (DodsV) var.getSPobject();

        DodsV dataV = map.get(ddsV);
        if (dataV == null) {
          logger.error("DODSNetcdfFile.readArrays cant find " + makeDODSname(ddsV) + " in dataDDS; " + location);
          //dataDDS.print( System.out);
        } else {
          if (debugConvertData) System.out.println("readArray converting " + makeDODSname(ddsV));
          dataV.isDone = true;

          try {
            if (var.isMemberOfStructure()) {

              // we want the top structure this variable is contained in.
              while ((dataV.parent != null) && (dataV.parent.bt != null))
                dataV = dataV.parent;
              data = convertD2N.convertNestedVariable(var, null, dataV, true);

            } else
              data = convertD2N.convertTopVariable(var, null, dataV);

          } catch (DAP2Exception de) {
            logger.error("ERROR convertVariable on " + var.getName(), de);
            throw new IOException(de.getMessage());
          }

          if (var.isCaching()) {
            var.setCachedData(data);
            if (debugCached) System.out.println(" cache for <" + var.getName() + "> length =" + data.getSize());
          }
        }
        result.add(data);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  public Array readSection(String variableSection) throws IOException, InvalidRangeException {
    ParsedSectionSpec cer = ParsedSectionSpec.parseVariableSection(this, variableSection);

    if (unlocked)
      throw new IllegalStateException("File is unlocked - cannot use");

    /* run it through the variableso to pick up caching
    if (cer.child == null) {
      Array result = cer.v.read(cer.section);
      result.setUnsigned(cer.v.isUnsigned());
      return result;
    } */

    return readData(cer.v, cer.section);
  }

  @Override
  protected Array readData(ucar.nc2.Variable v, Section section) throws IOException, InvalidRangeException {
    if (unlocked)
      throw new IllegalStateException("File is unlocked - cannot use");

    // LOOK: what if theres already a CE !!!!
    // create the constraint expression
    StringBuilder buff = new StringBuilder(100);
    buff.setLength(0);
    buff.append(getDODSshortName(v));

    // add the selector if not a Sequence
    if (!v.isVariableLength()) {
      List dodsSection = section.getRanges();
      if ((v.getDataType() == DataType.CHAR)) { // CHAR is mapped to DString
        int n = section.getRank();
        if (n == v.getRank())  // remove last section if present
          dodsSection = dodsSection.subList(0, n - 1);
      }
      makeSelector(buff, dodsSection);
    }

    Array dataArray;
    try {
      // DodsV root = DodsV.parseDDS( readDataDDSfromServer(buff.toString()));
      // data = convertD2N( (DodsV) root.children.get(0), v, section, false); // can only be one

      DataDDS dataDDS = readDataDDSfromServer(buff.toString());
      DodsV root = DodsV.parseDataDDS(dataDDS);
      DodsV want = root.children.get(0); // can only be one
      dataArray = convertD2N.convertTopVariable(v, section.getRanges(), want);
    }
    catch (DAP2Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }
    catch (ParseException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }

    return dataArray;
  }

  @Override
  public long readToByteChannel(ucar.nc2.Variable v, Section section, WritableByteChannel channel)
          throws java.io.IOException, ucar.ma2.InvalidRangeException {
    if (unlocked)
      throw new IllegalStateException("File is unlocked - cannot use");

    Array result = readData(v, section);
    return IospHelper.transferData(result, channel);
  }

  /* this is for reading variables that are members of structures
  protected Array readMemberData(ucar.nc2.Variable v, Section section, boolean flatten) throws IOException, InvalidRangeException {
    StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer(100);
    buff.setLength(0);

    List ranges = section.getRanges();

    // add the selector
    addParents(buff, v, ranges, 0);

    Array dataArray;
    try {
      //DodsV root = DodsV.parseDDS( readDataDDSfromServer(buff.toString()));
      // data = convertD2N((DodsV) root.children.get(0), v, section, flatten); // can only be one

      DataDDS dataDDS = readDataDDSfromServer(buff.toString());
      DodsV root = DodsV.parseDataDDS(dataDDS);
      DodsV want = root.children.get(0); // can only be one
      dataArray = convertD2N.convertNestedVariable(v, ranges, want, flatten);

    }
    catch (DAP2Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }
    catch (ParseException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }

    return dataArray;
  }  */

  public Array readWithCE(ucar.nc2.Variable v, String CE) throws IOException {

    Array dataArray;
    try {

      DataDDS dataDDS = readDataDDSfromServer(CE);
      DodsV root = DodsV.parseDataDDS(dataDDS);
      DodsV want = root.children.get(0); // can only be one

      if (v.isMemberOfStructure())
        dataArray = convertD2N.convertNestedVariable(v, null, want, true);
      else
        dataArray = convertD2N.convertTopVariable(v, null, want);
    }
    catch (DAP2Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }
    catch (ParseException ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(ex.getMessage());
    }

    return dataArray;
  }

  private int addParents(StringBuilder buff, Variable s, List section, int start) {
    Structure parent = s.getParentStructure();
    if (parent != null) {
      start = addParents(buff, parent, section, start);
      buff.append(".");
    }

    List subSection = section.subList(start, start + s.getRank());

    buff.append(getDODSshortName(s));

    if (!s.isVariableLength()) // have to get the whole thing for a sequence !!
      makeSelector(buff, subSection);

    return start + s.getRank();
  }

  private void makeSelector(StringBuilder buff, List section) {
    for (Range r : section) {
      buff.append("[");
      buff.append(r.first());
      buff.append(':');
      buff.append(r.stride());
      buff.append(':');
      buff.append(r.last());
      buff.append("]");
    }
  }

  // old way
  /*   public List readArrays (List preloadVariables) throws IOException {
    //For performance tests:
    //if (true) return super.readArrays (variables);
    if (preloadVariables.size() == 0) return new ArrayList();

    // construct the list of variables, skipping ones with cached data
    ArrayList reqDodsVlist = new ArrayList();
    DodsV root = null;
    for (int i=0; i 0) {

      // Create the request
      StringBuffer requestString = new StringBuffer ();
      for (int i=0; i length ="+ data.getSize());
          }
        }
        result.add (data);
      }
    }
    return result;
  } */

  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // convert DODS data structures to NetCDF data Structures

  /*
   * Covert DODS BaseType into a netCDF Array
   * @param dataV data to convert is contained in this
   * @param ncVar this is the Variable we are reading
   * @param sectionAll the requested section, including parents, or null for all
   * @param flatten whether to unwrap parent structures, only used if its a member variable.
   * @return Array
   *
  private Array convertD2N( DodsV dataV, Variable ncVar, List sectionAll, boolean flatten) {

    // start with the top variable
    Variable topVar = ncVar;
    while (topVar.isMemberOfStructure()) {
      topVar = topVar.getParentStructure();
    }

    // extract top dodsVar from dataDDS
    BaseType dodsVar = dataV.darray == null ? dataV.bt : dataV.darray;
    /*try {
      dodsVar = dds.getVariable( getDODSshortName( topVar));
    } catch (NoSuchVariableException e) {
      // can happen when the f**ing thing is a Grid
      dodsVar = dds.getVariable( getDODSshortName( ncVar));
      topVar = ncVar;
    } *

    // recursively extract the data
    Array data = convertData( dodsVar, topVar);

    // flatten if needed
    if (flatten && ncVar.isMemberOfStructure()) {

      // deal with sequences
      Variable v = ncVar;
      boolean isSequence = v.isUnknownLength();
      while (v.isMemberOfStructure()) {
        v = v.getParentStructure();
        if (v.isUnknownLength()) isSequence = true;
      }

      int[] shape = Range.getShape( sectionAll);
      if (isSequence) {
        ArrayList shapeList = new ArrayList();
        addShapes( shapeList, data, ncVar.getName(), null);
        shape = Range.getShape(shapeList);

        // gotta make into 1D array !!
        int size = (int) ucar.ma2.Index.computeSize( shape);
        shape = new int[] { size} ;
      }

      if (ncVar instanceof Structure) {
        ArrayStructure as = (ArrayStructure) data;
        ArrayStructureW flatData = new ArrayStructureW( as.getStructureMembers(), shape);
        IndexIterator flatIterator = flatData.getIndexIterator();
        flattenData( data, flatIterator, ncVar.getName());
        data = flatData;

      } else {
        Array flatData = Array.factory( ncVar.getDataType().getPrimitiveClassType(), shape);
        IndexIterator flatIterator = flatData.getIndexIterator();
        flattenData( data, flatIterator, ncVar.getName());
        data = flatData;
      }

    }

    return data;
  }

  // LOOK nested sequences cant be flattened, because they may have different lengths !!
  private void addShapes( ArrayList shapes, Array data, String varName, String sdName) {
    int[] shape = data.getShape();
    shapes.addAll( Range.factory(shape));

    if (varName.equals(sdName)) return; // done

    Class elemClass = data.getElementType();
    if (elemClass.equals( DataType.STRUCTURE.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      StructureData ds = (StructureData) data.getObject( data.getIndex());
      StructureMembers.Member m = ds.getMember( 0); // only one ??
      addShapes( shapes, ds.getArray(m), varName, ds.getName());
    }
  }

  private void flattenData( Array data, IndexIterator flatIterator, String varName) {
    IndexIterator ii = data.getIndexIterator();
    Class elemClass = data.getElementType();

    if (elemClass.equals( DataType.STRUCTURE.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext()) {
        StructureData ds = (StructureData) ii.getObjectNext();
        String sdName = ds.getName();
        if (sdName.equals( varName))
          flatIterator.setObjectNext( ds); // this is the target variable, dont recurse!
        else {
          StructureMembers.Member m = ds.getMember(0); // theres only one
          flattenData(  ds.getArray(m), flatIterator, varName); // recurse
        }
      }
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.STRING.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setObjectNext( ii.getObjectNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.DOUBLE.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setDoubleNext( ii.getDoubleNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.FLOAT.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setFloatNext( ii.getFloatNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.INT.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setIntNext( ii.getIntNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.SHORT.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setShortNext( ii.getShortNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.LONG.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setLongNext( ii.getLongNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.BYTE.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setByteNext( ii.getByteNext());
    }

    else if (elemClass.equals( DataType.BOOLEAN.getPrimitiveClassType())) {
      while (ii.hasNext())
        flatIterator.setBooleanNext( ii.getBooleanNext());
    }

    else throw new IllegalStateException( "DODSNetcdfFile flattenData "+elemClass.getName());

  }

  // convert dodsVar to Array corresponding to the ncVar
  private Array convertData(opendap.dap.BaseType dodsVar, Variable ncVar) {
    if (debugConvertData)
      System.out.println("  convertData of dods type "+dodsVar.getClass().getName()+" ncType "+ncVar.getDataType());

    if (dodsVar instanceof DSequence) {
      DSequence ds = (DSequence) dodsVar;
      Structure s = (Structure) ncVar;

      StructureMembers members = makeStructureMembers( ds, s);

      // make the result array
      int nrows = ds.getRowCount();
      int[] shape = new int[1];
      shape[0] = nrows;
      ArrayStructureW structArray = new ArrayStructureW( members, shape);

      // populate it
      for (int row=0; row in structure = "+s.getName());
      Array data = convertData(bt, v);
      structureData.setMemberData(ncName, data);
    }
    return structureData;
  }

  private Array convertStringArray(DArray dv, Variable ncVar) {
    dods.dap.PrimitiveVector pv = dv.getPrimitiveVector();
    BaseTypePrimitiveVector btpv = (BaseTypePrimitiveVector) pv;
    int nStrings = btpv.getLength();
    String[] storage = new String[nStrings];
    int max_len = 0;
    for (int i=0; i 1) ? arg[0] : "http://motherlode.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/dods/DODS-3.2.1/nph-dods/dods/model/2003020200_sst-t.nc";
    //String url = "http://motherlode.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/dods/DODS-3.2.1/nph-dods/dods/model/example.nc";
    String url = "http://localhost:8080/thredds/dodsC/testContent/testData.nc.ascii?reftime[0:1:0]";

    // "http://ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/expert/SOURCES/.LEVITUS94/dods";
    try {
      DODSNetcdfFile df = new DODSNetcdfFile(url, null);
      System.out.println("dods file = " + url + "\n" + df);
    } catch (Exception ioe) {
      System.out.println("error = " + url);
      ioe.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

}

/* Note 1

http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/opendap/pathfinder/Version5.0_Climatologies/Monthly/Day/month01_day.hdf

Dataset {
    Grid {
      Array:
        UInt16 Clim_SST[Latitude = 4096][Longitude = 8192];
      Maps:
        Float64 Latitude[4096];
        Float64 Longitude[8192];
    } Clim_SST;

    Grid {
      Array:
        UInt16 Clim_StandardDeviation[Latitude = 4096][Longitude = 8192];
      Maps:
        Float64 Latitude[4096];
        Float64 Longitude[8192];
    } Clim_StandardDeviation;

    Grid {
      Array:
        Byte Clim_Counts[Latitude = 4096][Longitude = 8192];
      Maps:
        Float64 Latitude[4096];
        Float64 Longitude[8192];
    } Clim_Counts;

    Float64 Longitude[fakeDim2 = 8192];
    Float64 Latitude[fakeDim3 = 4096];

    Grid {
      Array:
        UInt16 Clim_SST_Filled[Latitude = 4096][Longitude = 8192];
      Maps:
        Float64 Latitude[4096];
        Float64 Longitude[8192];
    } Clim_SST_Filled;

} month01_day.hdf;

*/




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