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package fish.payara.microprofile.telemetry.tracing;

import fish.payara.opentracing.OpenTelemetryService;
import fish.payara.opentracing.PropagationHelper;
import fish.payara.requesttracing.jaxrs.client.PayaraTracingServices;
import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
import io.opentelemetry.api.common.AttributesBuilder;
import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.SpanBuilder;
import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
import io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.annotations.SpanAttribute;
import io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.annotations.WithSpan;
import io.opentelemetry.instrumentation.api.annotation.support.MethodSpanAttributesExtractor;
import io.opentelemetry.semconv.trace.attributes.SemanticAttributes;
import jakarta.enterprise.inject.spi.BeanManager;
import jakarta.interceptor.AroundInvoke;
import jakarta.interceptor.InvocationContext;
import jakarta.ws.rs.DELETE;
import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
import jakarta.ws.rs.HEAD;
import jakarta.ws.rs.OPTIONS;
import jakarta.ws.rs.PATCH;
import jakarta.ws.rs.POST;
import jakarta.ws.rs.PUT;
import org.glassfish.api.invocation.InvocationManager;
import org.jboss.weld.interceptor.WeldInvocationContext;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.logging.Level.FINER;

/**
 * Interceptor for CDI beans that adds tracing spans using OpenTelemetry.
 */
public class WithSpanMethodInterceptor {

    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(WithSpanMethodInterceptor.class.getName());

    private static final Class[] HTTP_METHODS = //
            new Class[] {GET.class, POST.class, DELETE.class, PUT.class, HEAD.class, PATCH.class, OPTIONS.class};

    private final BeanManager bm;

    public WithSpanMethodInterceptor(final BeanManager bm) {
        this.bm = bm;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the annotation from the method that triggered the interceptor.
     *
     * @param  The annotation type to return
     * @param beanManager The invoking interceptor's BeanManager
     * @param annotationClass The class of the annotation to get
     * @param invocationContext The context of the method invocation
     * @return The annotation that triggered the interceptor.
     */
    private static  A getAnnotation(BeanManager beanManager, Class annotationClass, InvocationContext invocationContext) {
        A annotation = getInterceptedAnnotation(annotationClass, invocationContext);

        if (annotation == null) {
            annotation = getAnnotation(beanManager, annotationClass, invocationContext.getMethod().getDeclaringClass(), invocationContext.getMethod());
        }

        return annotation;
    }

    public static  A getAnnotation(BeanManager beanManager, Class annotationClass, Class annotatedClass, Method method) {
        logGetAnnotation(annotationClass, method);
        Objects.requireNonNull(annotatedClass, "annotatedClass");
        Objects.requireNonNull(method, "method");

        // Try to get the annotation from the method, otherwise attempt to get it from the class
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) {
            LOG.log(FINER, "Annotation was directly present on the method");
            return method.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
        }

        if (annotatedClass.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) {
            LOG.log(FINER, "Annotation was directly present on the class");
            return annotatedClass.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
        }

        LOG.log(FINER, "Annotation wasn't directly present on the method or class, checking stereotypes");

        // Account for Stereotypes
        Queue annotations = new LinkedList<>(asList(annotatedClass.getAnnotations()));

        // Loop over each individual annotation
        while (!annotations.isEmpty()) {
            Annotation a = annotations.remove();

            // Check if this is the annotation we're looking for
            if (a.annotationType().equals(annotationClass)) {
                LOG.log(FINER, "Annotation was found in a stereotype");
                return annotationClass.cast(a);
            }

            // If the found annotation is a stereotype, get the individual annotations and add them to the list
            // to be iterated over
            if (beanManager.isStereotype(a.annotationType())) {
                annotations.addAll(beanManager.getStereotypeDefinition(a.annotationType()));
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Uses Weld to find an annotation. The annotation must be an intercepted annotation that has a binding
     * @param 
     * @param annotationClass {@link Annotation} to look for
     * @param invocationContext
     * @return the {@link Annotation} that the interceptor is inceptoring,or null if it cannot be found
     */
    private static  A getInterceptedAnnotation(Class annotationClass, InvocationContext invocationContext){
         if (invocationContext instanceof WeldInvocationContext) {
            Set interceptorBindings = ((WeldInvocationContext) invocationContext).getInterceptorBindings();
            for (Annotation annotationBound : interceptorBindings) {
                if (annotationBound.annotationType().equals(annotationClass)) {
                    return (A) annotationBound;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static void logGetAnnotation(Class annotatedClass, Method method) {
        LOG.log(FINER, "Attempting to get annotation {0} from {1}",
            new String[] {getString(annotatedClass, Class::getSimpleName), getString(method, Method::getName)});
    }

    private static  String getString(final T object, Function toString) {
        if (object == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return toString.apply(object);
    }

    @AroundInvoke
    public Object withSpanCdiCall(final InvocationContext invocationContext) throws Exception {
        LOG.fine(() -> "withSpanCdiCall(" + invocationContext + ")");
        // Get the required HK2 services
        final PayaraTracingServices payaraTracingServices = new PayaraTracingServices();
        final OpenTelemetryService openTelemetryService = payaraTracingServices.getOpenTelemetryService();
        final InvocationManager invocationManager = payaraTracingServices.getInvocationManager();

        // extract the span attribute annotation from the method
        var builder = Attributes.builder();
        extractSpanAttributes(invocationContext, builder);
        var attributes = builder.build();

        // If Request Tracing is enabled, and this isn't a JaxRs method
        if (openTelemetryService == null || !openTelemetryService.isEnabled() //
                || isJaxRsMethod(invocationContext) || isWebServiceMethod(invocationContext, invocationManager)) {
            // If request tracing was turned off, or this is a JaxRs method, just carry on
            LOG.finest("The call is already monitored by some different component, proceeding the invocation.");
            var currentSpan = Span.current();
            currentSpan.setAllAttributes(attributes);
            return invocationContext.proceed();
        }

        // Get the WithSpan annotation present on the method
        final WithSpan withSpan = getAnnotation(bm, WithSpan.class, invocationContext);

        // If we *have* been told to, get the application's Tracer instance and start an active span.
        SpanBuilder spanBuilder = openTelemetryService.getCurrentTracer()
                .spanBuilder(getWithSpanValue(invocationContext, withSpan))
                .setSpanKind(withSpan.kind())
                .setAllAttributes(attributes);
        spanBuilder.setParent(Context.current());
        final var span = spanBuilder.startSpan();

        if (invocationContext.getMethod().getReturnType().equals(CompletionStage.class)) {
            return handleAsyncInvocation(invocationContext, span);
        }
        return handleSyncInvocation(invocationContext, span);
    }

    /**
     * Helper method that determines if the annotated method is a JaxRs method or not by inspecting it for HTTP Method
     * annotations. JaxRs method tracing is handled by the Client/Container filters, so we don't process them using this
     * interceptor.
     *
     * @param invocationContext The invocation context from the AroundInvoke method.
     * @return True if the method is a JaxRs method.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"}) // safe here.
    private boolean isJaxRsMethod(InvocationContext invocationContext) {
        // Check if any of the HTTP Method annotations are present on the intercepted method
        for (Class httpMethod : HTTP_METHODS) {
            if (getAnnotation(bm, httpMethod, invocationContext) != null) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Helper method that determines if the annotated method is the monitored JAX-WS method or not by inspecting the invocation manager.
     * 

* JaxWs method tracing is handled by the JAX-WS monitoring pipe/tube, so we don't process them using this * interceptor. * * @param invocationContext The invocation context from the AroundInvoke method. * @param invocationManager The current invocation manager for this thread * @return True if the method is a JaxRs method. */ private boolean isWebServiceMethod(InvocationContext invocationContext, InvocationManager invocationManager) { return invocationContext.getMethod().equals(invocationManager.peekWebServiceMethod()); } /** * Returns the value of the {@link WithSpan} annotation on the intercepted method, * or the default value if the annotation is not present or its value is empty. * * @param invocationContext the context of the intercepted method invocation * @param withSpan the {@link WithSpan} annotation that may be present on the intercepted method * @return the value of the {@link WithSpan} annotation on the intercepted method, * or the default value if the annotation is not present or its value is empty */ private String getWithSpanValue(final InvocationContext invocationContext, final WithSpan withSpan) { final String withSpanValue = withSpan.value(); if (withSpanValue.isEmpty()) { if (invocationContext.getMethod().getDeclaringClass().getName().contains("$")) { return invocationContext.getMethod().getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName() + "." + invocationContext.getMethod().getName(); } else { return invocationContext.getMethod().getDeclaringClass().getCanonicalName() + "." + invocationContext.getMethod().getName(); } } return withSpanValue; } /** * * Extracts span attributes from the given {@code invocationContext} and adds them to the given {@code builder}. * Uses a {@code MethodSpanAttributesExtractor} to retrieve the attributes from the method signature and annotations * on its parameters. * @param invocationContext the invocation context to extract the span attributes from * @param builder the attributes builder to add the extracted attributes to */ private void extractSpanAttributes(final InvocationContext invocationContext, final AttributesBuilder builder) { MethodSpanAttributesExtractor extractor = MethodSpanAttributesExtractor .create( InvocationContext::getMethod, (m, p) -> Arrays.stream(m.getParameters()) .map(v -> { SpanAttribute spanAttribute = v.getAnnotation(SpanAttribute.class); // we ignore unspecified argument name (compiled with -parameter) or spanAttribute value var name = v.isNamePresent() ? v.getName() : null; return spanAttribute != null ? spanAttribute.value().trim() : name; }).toArray(String[]::new), InvocationContext::getParameters); extractor.onStart(builder, Context.current(), invocationContext); } private Object handleSyncInvocation(InvocationContext invocationContext, Span span) throws Exception { try (var ignore = PropagationHelper.start(span, Context.current())) { try { return invocationContext.proceed(); } catch (final Exception ex) { markSpanAsFailed(span, ex); throw ex; } } } private Object handleAsyncInvocation(InvocationContext invocationContext, Span span) throws Exception { var helper = PropagationHelper.startMultiThreaded(span, Context.current()); CompletionStage future = (CompletionStage) invocationContext.proceed(); return future.whenComplete((value, ex) -> { if (ex != null) { markSpanAsFailed(helper.span(), ex); } helper.end(); helper.close(); }); } private void markSpanAsFailed(Span span, Throwable ex) { LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Setting the error to the active span ...", ex); span.setAttribute("error", true); span.setAttribute(SemanticAttributes.EXCEPTION_TYPE, Throwable.class.getName()); span.addEvent(SemanticAttributes.EXCEPTION_EVENT_NAME, Attributes.of(SemanticAttributes.EXCEPTION_MESSAGE, ex.getMessage())); span.recordException(ex); } }





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