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// Portions Copyright [2018-2019] [Payara Foundation and/or its affiliates]
package com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.ldap;

import static java.util.logging.Level.FINE;
import static java.util.logging.Level.FINEST;
import static java.util.logging.Level.WARNING;
import static javax.naming.Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS;
import static javax.naming.Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

import javax.naming.CompositeName;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchResult;
import javax.naming.ldap.LdapName;
import javax.naming.ldap.Rdn;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;

import org.glassfish.internal.api.RelativePathResolver;
import org.jvnet.hk2.annotations.Service;

import com.sun.enterprise.security.BaseRealm;
import com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.BadRealmException;
import com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.InvalidOperationException;
import com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.NoSuchRealmException;
import com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.NoSuchUserException;
import com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.certificate.OID;

import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Realm wrapper for supporting LDAP authentication.
 *
 * 

* See LDAPLoginModule documentation for more details on the operation of the LDAP realm and login module. * *

* The ldap realm needs the following properties in its configuration: *

    *
  • directory - URL of LDAP directory to use *
  • base-dn - The base DN to use for user searches. *
  • jaas-ctx - JAAS context name used to access LoginModule for authentication. *
* *

* Besides JDK Context properties start with java.naming, javax.security, one can also set connection pool related * properties starting with com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool. See * http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/tutorial/ldap/connect/config.html for details. Also, the following optional * attributes can also be specified: *

    *
  • search-filter - LDAP filter to use for searching for the user entry based on username given to iAS. The default * value is uid=%s where %s is expanded to the username. *
  • group-base-dn - The base DN to use for group searches. By default its value is the same as base-dn. *
  • group-search-filter - The LDAP filter to use for searching group membership of a given user. The default value is * * uniquemember=%d where %d is expanded to the DN of the user found by the user search. *
  • group-target - The attribute which value(s) are interpreted as group membership names of the user. Default value * is cn. *
  • search-bind-dn - The dn of ldap user. optional and no default value. *
  • search-bind-password - The password of search-bind-dn.optional and no default value. *
  • pool-size - The JNDI ldap connection pool size. *
* * @see com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.login.LDAPLoginModule */ @Service public final class LDAPRealm extends BaseRealm { // Child logger of javax.enterprise.system.core.security protected static final Logger groupSearchLogger = Logger.getLogger(_logger.getName() + ".ldaprealm.groupsearch"); // Descriptive string of the authentication type of this realm. public static final String AUTH_TYPE = "ldap"; // These are property names which should be in auth-realm in server.xml public static final String PARAM_DIRURL = "directory"; public static final String PARAM_USERDN = "base-dn"; // These are optional, defaults are provided // %s = subject name // %d = DN of user search result public static final String PARAM_SEARCH_FILTER = "search-filter"; public static final String PARAM_GRPDN = "group-base-dn"; public static final String PARAM_GRP_SEARCH_FILTER = "group-search-filter"; public static final String PARAM_GRP_TARGET = "group-target"; public static final String PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_FILTER = "dynamic-group-search-filter"; public static final String PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET = "dynamic-group-target"; public static final String PARAM_MODE = "mode"; public static final String PARAM_JNDICF = "jndiCtxFactory"; public static final String PARAM_POOLSIZE = "pool-size"; // These are optional, no default values are provided public static final String PARAM_BINDDN = "search-bind-dn"; public static final String PARAM_BINDPWD = "search-bind-password"; // Only find-bind mode is supported so mode attribute is not exposed yet public static final String MODE_FIND_BIND = "find-bind"; // Expansion strings public static final String SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME = "%s"; public static final String SUBST_SUBJECT_DN = "%d"; // Defaults private static final String SEARCH_FILTER_DEFAULT = "uid=" + SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME; private static final String GRP_SEARCH_FILTER_DEFAULT = "uniquemember=" + SUBST_SUBJECT_DN; private static final String GRP_TARGET_DEFAULT = "cn"; private static final String DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET_DEFAULT = "ismemberof";// "memberOf"; private static final String MODE_DEFAULT = MODE_FIND_BIND; private static final String JNDICF_DEFAULT = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory"; private static final int POOLSIZE_DEFAULT = 5; private final String[] _dnOnly = { "dn" }; private static final String SUN_JNDI_POOL = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool"; private static final String SUN_JNDI_POOL_ = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool."; private static final String SUN_JNDI_POOL_PROTOCOL = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool.protocol"; private static final String SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.connect.pool.maxsize"; // dynamic group related properties. private static final String DYNAMIC_GROUP_OBJECT_FACTORY = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.obj.LdapGroupFactory"; public static final String DYNAMIC_GROUP_FACTORY_OBJECT_PROPERTY = "java.naming.factory.object"; private static final String DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.obj.LdapGroupFactory"; public static final String DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY_PROPERTY = "java.naming.factory.state"; public static final String LDAP_SOCKET_FACTORY = "java.naming.ldap.factory.socket"; public static final String DEFAULT_SSL_LDAP_SOCKET_FACTORY = "com.sun.enterprise.security.auth.realm.ldap.CustomSocketFactory"; public static final String LDAPS_URL = "ldaps://"; public static final String DEFAULT_POOL_PROTOCOL = "plain ssl"; public static final String DYNAMIC_GROUP_FILTER = "(&(objectclass=groupofuniquenames)(objectclass=*groupofurls*))"; public static final String SSL = "SSL"; private Map> groupCache; private final Properties ldapBindProps = new Properties(); @Override protected synchronized void init(Properties props) throws BadRealmException, NoSuchRealmException { super.init(props); String url = props.getProperty(PARAM_DIRURL); String dn = props.getProperty(PARAM_USERDN); String jaasCtx = props.getProperty(JAAS_CONTEXT_PARAM); if (url == null || dn == null || jaasCtx == null) { throw new BadRealmException(sm.getString("ldaprealm.badconfig", url, dn, jaasCtx)); } setProperty(PARAM_DIRURL, url); ldapBindProps.setProperty(Context.PROVIDER_URL, url); setProperty(PARAM_USERDN, dn); setProperty(JAAS_CONTEXT_PARAM, jaasCtx); String mode = props.getProperty(PARAM_MODE, MODE_DEFAULT); if (!MODE_DEFAULT.equals(mode)) { throw new BadRealmException(sm.getString("ldaprealm.badmode", mode)); } setProperty(PARAM_MODE, mode); String ctxF = props.getProperty(PARAM_JNDICF, JNDICF_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_JNDICF, ctxF); ldapBindProps.setProperty(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, ctxF); String searchFilter = props.getProperty(PARAM_SEARCH_FILTER, SEARCH_FILTER_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_SEARCH_FILTER, searchFilter); String grpDN = props.getProperty(PARAM_GRPDN, dn); setProperty(PARAM_GRPDN, grpDN); String grpSearchFilter = props.getProperty(PARAM_GRP_SEARCH_FILTER, GRP_SEARCH_FILTER_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_GRP_SEARCH_FILTER, grpSearchFilter); String dynGrpSearchFilter = props.getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_FILTER, SEARCH_FILTER_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_FILTER, dynGrpSearchFilter); String grpTarget = props.getProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET, GRP_TARGET_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET, grpTarget); String dynGrpTarget = props.getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET, DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET_DEFAULT); setProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET, dynGrpTarget); String objectFactory = props.getProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_FACTORY_OBJECT_PROPERTY, DYNAMIC_GROUP_OBJECT_FACTORY); setProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_FACTORY_OBJECT_PROPERTY, objectFactory); ldapBindProps.setProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_FACTORY_OBJECT_PROPERTY, objectFactory); String stateFactory = props.getProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY_PROPERTY, DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY); setProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY_PROPERTY, stateFactory); ldapBindProps.setProperty(DYNAMIC_GROUP_STATE_FACTORY_PROPERTY, stateFactory); String bindDN = props.getProperty(PARAM_BINDDN); if (bindDN != null) { setProperty(PARAM_BINDDN, bindDN); ldapBindProps.setProperty(SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, bindDN); } String bindPWD = props.getProperty(PARAM_BINDPWD); if (bindPWD != null) { // If the password is aliased, de-alias it try { bindPWD = RelativePathResolver.getRealPasswordFromAlias(bindPWD); } catch (Exception ex) { _logger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.pwd.dealiasing.failed", ex); } setProperty(PARAM_BINDPWD, bindPWD); ldapBindProps.setProperty(SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, bindPWD); } Enumeration penum = props.propertyNames(); while (penum.hasMoreElements()) { String propName = (String) penum.nextElement(); if (propName.startsWith("java.naming.") || propName.startsWith("javax.security.") || propName.startsWith("com.sun.jndi.ldap.")) { ldapBindProps.setProperty(propName, props.getProperty(propName)); } else if (propName.startsWith(SUN_JNDI_POOL_) && !SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE.equals(propName)) { if (System.getProperty(propName) == null) { System.setProperty(propName, props.getProperty(propName)); } } } String poolSize = Integer.getInteger(PARAM_POOLSIZE, POOLSIZE_DEFAULT).toString(); String sunPoolSizeStr = props.getProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE, poolSize); // Precedence rule: SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE > PARAM_POOLSIZE > POOLSIZE_DEFAULT try { sunPoolSizeStr = Integer.valueOf(sunPoolSizeStr).toString(); } catch (Exception ex) { sunPoolSizeStr = poolSize; } if (System.getProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE) == null) { System.setProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL_MAXSIZE, sunPoolSizeStr); } setProperty(PARAM_POOLSIZE, sunPoolSizeStr); String usePool = props.getProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL, "true"); ldapBindProps.setProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL, usePool); if (url.startsWith(LDAPS_URL)) { ldapBindProps.setProperty(LDAP_SOCKET_FACTORY, DEFAULT_SSL_LDAP_SOCKET_FACTORY); if (System.getProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL_PROTOCOL) == null) { System.setProperty(SUN_JNDI_POOL_PROTOCOL, DEFAULT_POOL_PROTOCOL); } _logger.log(FINE, "LDAPRealm : Using custom socket factory for SSL with pooling"); } if (_logger.isLoggable(FINE)) { Properties tempProps = (Properties) ldapBindProps.clone(); tempProps.remove(SECURITY_CREDENTIALS); _logger.log(FINE, "LDAPRealm : {0}", tempProps); } groupCache = new HashMap<>(); } /** * Returns a short (preferably less than fifteen characters) description of the kind of authentication which is * supported by this realm. * * @return Description of the kind of authentication that is directly supported by this realm. */ @Override public String getAuthType() { return AUTH_TYPE; } private String[] addMappedGroupNames(String[] groups) { if (groupMapper == null) { return groups; } List finalresult = new ArrayList<>(); for (String group : groups) { List result = new ArrayList<>(); groupMapper.getMappedGroups(group, result); finalresult.add(group); if (!result.isEmpty()) { finalresult.addAll(result); } } return finalresult.toArray(new String[finalresult.size()]); } /** * Get binding properties defined in server.xml for LDAP server. * */ private Properties getLdapBindProps() { return (Properties) ldapBindProps.clone(); } private List getGroups(String userDN) { // no authentication has happened through the realm. DirContext ctx = null; String srcFilter = null; String dynFilter = null; String dynMember = getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET); try { ctx = new InitialDirContext(getLdapBindProps()); String _username = userDN; LdapName name = new LdapName(userDN); // Ignoring the exception to suppot simple group names as userDN // Issue GLASSFISH-19595 for (Rdn rdn : name.getRdns()) { if (rdn.getType().equalsIgnoreCase(OID.CN.getName())) { _username = rdn.getValue().toString(); break; } } if (_username == null && userDN != null && userDN.startsWith("uid")) { // handle uid=XXX here where cn is not present // TODO :maybe there is a better way to handle this?? int first = userDN.indexOf("uid="); int last = userDN.indexOf(","); if (first != -1 && last != -1) { _username = userDN.substring(first + 4, last); } } StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(getProperty(PARAM_GRP_SEARCH_FILTER)); StringBuilder dynSb = new StringBuilder(getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_FILTER)); substitute(sb, SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME, _username); substitute(sb, SUBST_SUBJECT_DN, userDN); substitute(dynSb, SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME, _username); substitute(dynSb, SUBST_SUBJECT_DN, userDN); srcFilter = sb.toString(); dynFilter = dynSb.toString(); List groupsList = new ArrayList<>(); groupsList.addAll(groupSearch(ctx, getProperty(PARAM_GRPDN), srcFilter, getProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET))); // search filter is constructed internally as // as a groupofURLS groupsList.addAll(dynamicGroupSearch(ctx, getProperty(PARAM_GRPDN), dynMember, dynFilter, getProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET))); return groupsList; } catch (Exception e) { groupSearchLogger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.groupsearcherror", e); } finally { if (ctx != null) { try { ctx.close(); } catch (NamingException e) { _logger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.exception", e); } } } return null; } /** * Returns the name of all the groups that this user belongs to. Note that this information is only known after the user * has logged in. This is called from web path role verification, though it should not be. * * @param username Name of the user in this realm whose group listing is needed. * @return Enumeration of group names (strings). * @exception InvalidOperationException thrown if the realm does not support this operation - e.g. Certificate realm * does not support this operation. */ @Override public Enumeration getGroupNames(String username) throws InvalidOperationException, NoSuchUserException { List cachedGroups = groupCache.get(username); if (cachedGroups == null) { // Note : assuming the username is a userDN here List searchedGrps = getGroups(username); if (searchedGrps != null) { return Collections.enumeration(searchedGrps); } _logger.fine(() -> "No groups available for: " + username); // we don't load group here as we need to bind ctx to user with // password before doing that and password is not available here return Collections.emptyEnumeration(); } if (groupMapper == null) { return Collections.enumeration(cachedGroups); } List result = new LinkedList<>(cachedGroups); for (String grp : cachedGroups) { result.addAll(this.getMappedGroupNames(grp)); } return Collections.enumeration(result); } /** * Set group membership info for a user. */ private void setGroupNames(String username, String[] groups) { groupCache.put(username, new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(groups))); } /** * Supports mode=find-bind. See class documentation. * * @param _username * @param _password * @return * @throws LoginException */ public String[] findAndBind(String _username, char[] _password) throws LoginException { // do search for user, substituting %s for username _username = RFC2254Encode(_username); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(getProperty(PARAM_SEARCH_FILTER)); substitute(sb, SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME, _username); String userid = sb.toString(); // attempt to bind as the user DirContext ctx = null; String srcFilter = null; String[] grpList = null; String dynFilter = null; String dynMember = getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_TARGET); try { ctx = new InitialDirContext(getLdapBindProps()); String realUserDN = userSearch(ctx, getProperty(PARAM_USERDN), userid); if (realUserDN == null) { String msg = sm.getString("ldaprealm.usernotfound", _username); throw new LoginException(msg); } boolean bindSuccessful = bindAsUser(realUserDN, _password); if (!bindSuccessful) { String msg = sm.getString("ldaprealm.bindfailed", realUserDN); throw new LoginException(msg); } // search groups using above connection, substituting %d (and %s) sb = new StringBuilder(getProperty(PARAM_GRP_SEARCH_FILTER)); StringBuilder dynSb = new StringBuilder(getProperty(PARAM_DYNAMIC_GRP_FILTER)); substitute(sb, SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME, _username); substitute(sb, SUBST_SUBJECT_DN, realUserDN); substitute(dynSb, SUBST_SUBJECT_NAME, _username); substitute(dynSb, SUBST_SUBJECT_DN, realUserDN); srcFilter = sb.toString(); dynFilter = dynSb.toString(); List groupsList = new ArrayList<>(); groupsList.addAll(groupSearch(ctx, getProperty(PARAM_GRPDN), srcFilter, getProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET))); // search filter is constructed internally as // as a groupofURLS groupsList.addAll(dynamicGroupSearch(ctx, getProperty(PARAM_GRPDN), dynMember, dynFilter, getProperty(PARAM_GRP_TARGET))); grpList = new String[groupsList.size()]; groupsList.toArray(grpList); } catch (Exception e) { LoginException le = new LoginException(e.toString()); le.initCause(e); _logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "ldaprealm.exception", le); throw le; } finally { if (ctx != null) { try { ctx.close(); } catch (NamingException e) { } } } if (_logger.isLoggable(FINE)) { _logger.log(FINE, "LDAP:Group search filter: {0}", srcFilter); StringBuilder gb = new StringBuilder(); gb.append("Group memberships found: "); if (grpList.length > 0) { for (String grpList1 : grpList) { gb.append(" ").append(grpList1); } } else { gb.append("(null)"); } if (_logger.isLoggable(FINE)) { _logger.log(FINE, "LDAP: {0}", gb.toString()); } } grpList = addAssignGroups(grpList); grpList = this.addMappedGroupNames(grpList); setGroupNames(_username, grpList); if (_logger.isLoggable(FINE)) { _logger.log(FINE, "LDAP: login succeeded for: {0}", _username); } return grpList; } /** * Do anonymous search for the user. Should be unique if exists. * */ private String userSearch(DirContext ctx, String baseDN, String filter) { if (_logger.isLoggable(FINEST)) { _logger.log(FINE, "search: baseDN: {0} filter: {1}", new Object[] { baseDN, filter }); } String foundDN = null; NamingEnumeration namingEnum = null; SearchControls ctls = new SearchControls(); ctls.setReturningAttributes(_dnOnly); ctls.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE); ctls.setCountLimit(1); try { namingEnum = ctx.search(baseDN, filter, ctls); if (namingEnum.hasMore()) { SearchResult res = (SearchResult) namingEnum.next(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); // for dn name with '/' CompositeName compDN = new CompositeName(res.getName()); String ldapDN = compDN.get(0); sb.append(ldapDN); if (res.isRelative()) { sb.append(","); sb.append(baseDN); } foundDN = sb.toString(); if (_logger.isLoggable(FINEST)) { _logger.log(FINE, "Found user DN: {0}", foundDN); } } } catch (Exception e) { _logger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.searcherror", filter); _logger.log(WARNING, "security.exception", e); } finally { if (namingEnum != null) { try { namingEnum.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { } } } return foundDN; } /** * Attempt to bind as a specific DN. * */ private boolean bindAsUser(String bindDN, char[] password) { boolean bindSuccessful = false; Properties bindProperties = getLdapBindProps(); bindProperties.put(SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, bindDN); bindProperties.put(SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, new String(password)); DirContext ctx = null; try { ctx = new InitialDirContext(bindProperties); bindSuccessful = true; } catch (Exception e) { if (_logger.isLoggable(FINEST)) { _logger.log(FINEST, "Error binding to directory as: {0}", bindDN); _logger.log(FINEST, "Exception from JNDI: {0}", e.toString()); } } finally { if (ctx != null) { try { ctx.close(); } catch (NamingException e) { } } } return bindSuccessful; } /** * Search for group membership using the given connection. * */ private List dynamicGroupSearch(DirContext ctx, String baseDN, String memberOfAttr, String filter, String target) { List groupList = new ArrayList<>(); String[] targets = new String[] { memberOfAttr }; try { SearchControls searchControls = new SearchControls(); searchControls.setReturningAttributes(targets); searchControls.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE); // Set this to false to avoid objects and hence exposing ldap object // injection. searchControls.setReturningObjFlag(false); NamingEnumeration e = ctx.search(baseDN, filter, searchControls); while (e.hasMore()) { SearchResult res = (SearchResult) e.next(); Attribute isMemberOf = res.getAttributes().get(memberOfAttr); if (isMemberOf != null) { for (Enumeration values = isMemberOf.getAll(); values.hasMoreElements();) { String groupDN = (String) values.nextElement(); LdapName dn = new LdapName(groupDN); for (Rdn rdn : dn.getRdns()) { if (rdn.getType().equalsIgnoreCase(target)) { groupList.add(rdn.getValue().toString()); break; } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { _logger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.searcherror", filter); _logger.log(WARNING, "security.exception", e); } return groupList; } /** * Search for group membership using the given connection. * */ private List groupSearch(DirContext ctx, String baseDN, String filter, String target) { List groupList = new ArrayList<>(); try { String[] targets = new String[1]; targets[0] = target; SearchControls ctls = new SearchControls(); ctls.setReturningAttributes(targets); ctls.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE); NamingEnumeration e = ctx.search(baseDN, filter.replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement("\\"), Matcher.quoteReplacement("\\\\")), ctls); while (e.hasMore()) { SearchResult res = e.next(); Attribute grpAttr = res.getAttributes().get(target); int sz = grpAttr.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) { String s = (String) grpAttr.get(i); groupList.add(s); } } } catch (Exception e) { _logger.log(WARNING, "ldaprealm.searcherror", filter); _logger.log(WARNING, "security.exception", e); } return groupList; } /** * Do string substitution. target is replaced by value for all occurences. * */ private static void substitute(StringBuilder sb, String target, String value) { int i = sb.indexOf(target); while (i >= 0) { sb.replace(i, i + target.length(), value); i = sb.indexOf(target); } } /** * Escape special chars in search filter, according to RFC2254 (The String Representation * of LDAP Search Filters) */ private String RFC2254Encode(String inName) { int len = inName.length(); StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(len); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { char ch = inName.charAt(i); switch (ch) { case '*': buf.append("\\2a"); break; case '(': buf.append("\\28"); break; case ')': buf.append("\\29"); break; case '\\': buf.append("\\5c"); break; case 0: buf.append("\\00"); break; default: buf.append(ch); } } return buf.toString(); } }




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