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Base classes for the Cognitive Foundry including generally utilities and linear algebra.
/*
* File: DynamicArrayMap.java
* Authors: Justin Basilico
* Company: Sandia National Laboratories
* Project: Cognitive Foundry
*
* Copyright June 1, 2006, Sandia Corporation. Under the terms of Contract
* DE-AC04-94AL85000, there is a non-exclusive license for use of this work by
* or on behalf of the U.S. Government. Export of this program may require a
* license from the United States Government. See CopyrightHistory.txt for
* complete details.
*
*/
package gov.sandia.cognition.collection;
import gov.sandia.cognition.annotation.CodeReview;
import gov.sandia.cognition.annotation.CodeReviewResponse;
import gov.sandia.cognition.annotation.CodeReviews;
import gov.sandia.cognition.util.AbstractCloneableSerializable;
import gov.sandia.cognition.util.CloneableSerializable;
import gov.sandia.cognition.util.ObjectUtil;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.RandomAccess;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* A DynamicArrayList is a class that implements a map from an
* integer to an Object type on top of an expanding array. It is optimized
* for use with continuous ranges of integer indices, so it does not do any
* hashing and instead grows the array to fit any index that is set in it.
*
* The keys must be non-negative integers. Passing any negative integer into
* the map will result in an exception being thrown.
*
* The running time of the operations in the class are what would be expected
* if one were operating on an ArrayList where space is always
* allocated for the highest key inserted. Access is done in constant time,
* usually setting will be constant time though if the setting is done beyond
* the end of the current array it will require addition so it will be time
* proportional to the size of the array. Iteration over the collection takes
* time proportional to the capacity of the array.
*
* Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
*
* @param The value stored in the map.
* @author Justin Basilico
* @since 1.0
*/
@CodeReviews(
reviews={
@CodeReview(
reviewer="Kevin R. Dixon",
date="2008-02-08",
changesNeeded=true,
comments={
"I like the added class comment describing the running times. This may be sufficient.",
"However, I would still like to see running times on each accessor method. Please review."
},
response=@CodeReviewResponse(
respondent="Justin Basilico",
date="2008-02-18",
moreChangesNeeded=false,
comments="Added running times to each accessor method."
)
)
,
@CodeReview(
reviewer="Kevin R. Dixon",
date="2006-07-18",
changesNeeded=true,
comments={
"Non-standard use of direct-member access, instead of getters and setters. Please review.",
"Please add operation running times in class comments like Java does for its LinkedList, HashMap, etc.",
"In other news, I fixed some minor spacing and made some logical statements use parentheses to make their precedence clear."
},
response=@CodeReviewResponse(
respondent="Justin Basilico",
date="2006-09-22",
moreChangesNeeded=false,
comments="Added comment regarding lack of getters and setters"
)
)
}
)
public class DynamicArrayMap
extends AbstractMap
implements CloneableSerializable, RandomAccess
{
// Note: This class makes use of direct access to member variables instead
// of using getters and setters because it is expected to be a
// high-performance class that is called a lot.
/** The default initial capacity is {@value}. */
public static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* The array underneath the mapping. Null values indicate an unassigned
* key.
*/
private ValueType[] array;
/**
* The number of non-null values in the array.
*/
private int numValues;
/**
* Creates a new instance of DynamicArrayMap. The default initial capacity
* is 10.
*/
public DynamicArrayMap()
{
this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
/**
* Creates a new instance of DynamicArrayMap with the given initial
* capacity.
*
* @param initialCapacity The initial capacity of the underlying array. It
* must be positive.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public DynamicArrayMap(
final int initialCapacity)
{
super();
if (initialCapacity <= 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"The initialCapacity must be positive.");
}
this.array = (ValueType[]) new Object[initialCapacity];
this.numValues = 0;
}
/**
* Creates a new instance of DynamicArrayMap using the given mapping to copy
* into this map.
*
* @param other The other mapping to do a shallow copy of.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public DynamicArrayMap(
final DynamicArrayMap other)
{
super();
this.array = (ValueType[]) new Object[other.array.length];
System.arraycopy(other.array, 0, this.array, 0, this.array.length);
this.numValues = other.numValues;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(n).
*
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public DynamicArrayMap clone()
{
DynamicArrayMap clone = null;
try
{
clone = (DynamicArrayMap) super.clone();
}
catch (CloneNotSupportedException ex)
{
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
final int num = this.array.length;
clone.array = (ValueType[]) new Object[num];
System.arraycopy(this.array, 0, clone.array, 0, num);
return clone;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* Runs in O(n).
*/
@Override
public void clear()
{
for (int i = 0; i < this.array.length; i++)
{
this.array[i] = null;
}
this.numValues = 0;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* Runs in O(1).
*
* @param key {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public boolean containsKey(
final Object key)
{
// Convert the key to an int.
return (key != null
&& key instanceof Integer
&& this.containsKey((int) ((Integer) key)));
}
/**
* Returns true if this is a valid key in the mapping. Runs in O(1).
*
* @return True if this is a valid key in the mapping.
* @param key integer to search for in the mapping
*/
public boolean containsKey(
final int key)
{
return (this.get(key) != null);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* Runs in O(n).
*
* @param value {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public boolean containsValue(
final Object value)
{
if (value == null)
{
// We never contain null.
return false;
}
// Go through the values and see if there is a matching one.
for (int i = 0; i < this.array.length; i++)
{
final ValueType entry = this.array[i];
if (entry != null && value.equals(entry))
{
return true;
}
}
// No matching value found.
return false;
}
/**
* Ensures that the capacity of the underlying array can hold the given
* minimum capacity. This means that a key up to the given value can be
* provided without the array being reallocated. Runs in O(n).
*
* @param minCapacity The minimum capacity to ensure.
*/
public void ensureCapacity(
final int minCapacity)
{
final int currentCapacity = this.array.length;
if (currentCapacity < minCapacity)
{
// This formula is used because it is used in the ArrayList class
// in java.util.
int newCapacity = (currentCapacity * 3) / 2 + 1;
if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
{
// The requested minimum is larger than our expected expansion.
newCapacity = minCapacity;
}
// Create the new array from the new capacity and copy the values.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
final ValueType[] newArray = (ValueType[]) new Object[newCapacity];
System.arraycopy(this.array, 0, newArray, 0, currentCapacity);
this.array = newArray;
}
// else - We already have that capacity.
}
public Set> entrySet()
{
return new EntrySet();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(1).
*
* @param key {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException If the key is null.
*/
@Override
public ValueType get(
final Object key)
{
if (key == null)
{
throw new NullPointerException("The key cannot be null");
}
else if (key instanceof Integer)
{
return this.get((int) ((Integer) key));
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
/**
* Gets the value for the given key. If there is no value, null is returned.
* Runs in O(1).
*
* @param key The key to look up.
* @return The value at the given key, if one exists. Otherwise null is
* returned.
*/
public ValueType get(
final int key)
{
// We check for overflow only since the class only accepts non-negative
// keys.
if (key >= this.array.length)
{
return null;
}
else
{
return this.array[key];
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(1).
*
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public boolean isEmpty()
{
return this.numValues <= 0;
}
@Override
public Set keySet()
{
return super.keySet();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(1) if the key is within the range already used,
* otherwise O(n) to expand the range.
*
* @param key {@inheritDoc}
* @param value {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException If the key is null.
*/
@Override
public ValueType put(
final Integer key,
final ValueType value)
{
return this.put((int) key, value);
}
/**
* Puts a value into the mapping. If the value it null, it removes the
* the entry from the mapping. Normally this operation runs in O(1), however
* if the value is not null and the given key is not in the current range
* then it will be O(n).
*
* @param key The non-negative key.
* @param value The new value for the key.
* @return The old value for the key. Null if no value was associated with
* the key.
*/
public ValueType put(
final int key,
final ValueType value)
{
// We need to return the old value from this method.
ValueType oldValue = null;
if (key < this.array.length)
{
// This key is within the length of our array. Just set the
// value
oldValue = this.array[key];
this.array[key] = value;
}
else if (value != null)
{
// Expand the array.
this.ensureCapacity(key + 1);
// Set the value in the array now that it can fit.
this.array[key] = value;
}
else
{
// Trying to put null beyond the end of the array, which means
// we don't have to do anything.
return null;
}
// Update the counter for the number of values.
final boolean oldNull = (oldValue == null);
final boolean newNull = (value == null);
if (oldNull && !newNull)
{
// We added a new non-null value.
this.numValues += 1;
}
else if (!oldNull && newNull)
{
// We removed a non-null value.
this.numValues -= 1;
}
// else - No change in the count.
// The result is the old value at the given key.
return oldValue;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(1).
*
* @param key {@inheritDoc}
* @return {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException If the key is null.
*/
@Override
public ValueType remove(
final Object key)
{
if (key == null)
{
throw new NullPointerException("The key cannot be null");
}
else if (key instanceof Integer)
{
return this.remove((int) ((Integer) key));
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
/**
* Removes the value for the given key from the mapping. Runs in O(1).
*
* @param key The key to remove from the mapping.
* @return The value stored at the given key or null if no value was
* associated with the key.
*/
public ValueType remove(
final int key)
{
if (key < this.array.length)
{
// There might be a value for this key
final ValueType result = this.array[key];
this.array[key] = null;
if (result != null)
{
// We removed an actual element.
this.numValues -= 1;
}
return result;
}
else
{
// No value associated with the key.
return null;
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc} Runs in O(1).
*
* @return {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public int size()
{
return this.numValues;
}
@Override
public Collection values()
{
return new ValuesCollection();
}
/**
* The ValuesIterator class implements an iterator over the values in a
* DynamicArrayMap.
*/
private class ValuesIterator
extends AbstractCloneableSerializable
implements Iterator
{
/** The location of the next value in the iterator. */
private int cursor;
/** The next value in the iterator. */
private ValueType next;
/**
* Creates a new instance of ValuesIterator.
*/
public ValuesIterator()
{
super();
this.cursor = -1;
this.findNextNonNull();
}
/**
* Moves the cursor to the next non-null value.
*/
private void findNextNonNull()
{
this.next = null;
while (this.next == null && (this.cursor - 1) < array.length)
{
this.cursor++;
this.next = get(this.cursor);
}
}
public boolean hasNext()
{
return this.next != null;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the next non-null value. It will only be a valid
* index if hasNext() is true.
*
* @return The index of the next non-null value.
*/
public int peekNextIndex()
{
return this.cursor;
}
public ValueType next()
{
final ValueType result = this.next;
this.findNextNonNull();
return result;
}
/**
* Not implemented. Throws a UnsupportedOperationException.
*/
public void remove()
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
/**
* The ValuesCollection class implements an Collection of the non-null
* values of a DynamicArrayMap.
*/
private class ValuesCollection
extends AbstractCollection
{
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
private ValuesCollection()
{
super();
}
@Override
public boolean equals(
final Object other)
{
if (other == null)
{
return false;
}
else if (other == this)
{
return true;
}
else if (other instanceof Collection)
{
return this.equals((Collection) other);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/**
* Determines if this collection is equal to a given one by seeing
* if all the elements are the same.
*
* @param other The collection to compare to.
* @return True if the two collections have the same elements.
*/
public boolean equals(
final Collection other)
{
if (other == null)
{
// Other is null, so we are not equal.
return false;
}
else if (this.size() != other.size())
{
// Not the same size so not equal.
return false;
}
// We need to iterate over both at the same time to check to
// see that each element is equal.
final Iterator thisIt = this.iterator();
final Iterator otherIt = other.iterator();
boolean keepGoing = true;
while (keepGoing)
{
final boolean thisHasNext = thisIt.hasNext();
final boolean otherHasNext = otherIt.hasNext();
if (thisHasNext != otherHasNext)
{
// This should never happen but one iterator ended before
// another.
return false;
}
else if (thisHasNext)
{
// Compare the two elements.
final ValueType thisNext = thisIt.next();
final Object otherNext = otherIt.next();
if ( (thisNext == null && otherNext == null)
|| (thisNext != null && thisNext.equals(otherNext)))
{
// The elements are equal.
keepGoing = true;
}
else
{
// The two elements are not equal.
return false;
}
}
else
{
// Both iterators ended.
keepGoing = false;
}
}
// All the elements are equal.
return true;
}
public Iterator iterator()
{
return new ValuesIterator();
}
public int size()
{
return DynamicArrayMap.this.size();
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
// TODO: This is not a good hash-code. It should be implemented
// based on the hash codes of the elements in the collection
// - Justin Basilico (2009-07-03)
final int hash = 7;
return hash;
}
}
/**
* The EntrySet class implements an Collection of the non-null
* Map.Entry objects of a DynamicArrayMap.
*/
private class EntrySet
extends AbstractSet>
{
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
private EntrySet()
{
super();
}
public Iterator> iterator()
{
return new EntryIterator();
}
public int size()
{
return DynamicArrayMap.this.size();
}
}
/**
* The EntryIterator class implements an Iterator of the non-null
* Map.Entry objects of a DynamicArrayMap.
*/
private class EntryIterator
extends AbstractCloneableSerializable
implements Iterator>
{
/** We make use of an Iterator over the values to do most of the work.
*/
private ValuesIterator iterator = null;
/**
* Creates a new EntryIterator.
*/
private EntryIterator()
{
super();
this.iterator = new ValuesIterator();
}
public boolean hasNext()
{
return this.iterator.hasNext();
}
public Map.Entry next()
{
final int index = this.iterator.peekNextIndex();
final ValueType value = this.iterator.next();
return new Entry(index, value);
}
public void remove()
{
this.iterator.remove();
}
}
/**
* The Entry class implements a Map.Entry for the DynamicArrayMap, used
* by the EntrySet and EntryIterator.
*/
private class Entry
implements Map.Entry
{
/** The index of the entry. */
private int index;
/** The value of the entry. */
private ValueType value;
/**
* Creates a new instance of Entry.
*
* @param index The index of the entry.
* @param value The value of the entry.
*/
private Entry(
final int index,
final ValueType value)
{
super();
this.index = index;
this.value = value;
}
public Integer getKey()
{
return this.index;
}
public ValueType getValue()
{
return this.value;
}
public ValueType setValue(
final ValueType value)
{
final ValueType oldValue = this.value;
this.value = value;
DynamicArrayMap.this.put(this.index, value);
return oldValue;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(
final Object other)
{
return other instanceof DynamicArrayMap.Entry
&& this.equals((DynamicArrayMap.Entry) other);
}
/**
* Returns true if the entries are equal, false otherwise
* @param other Other Entry to compare against
* @return
* True if equal, false otherwise.
*/
public boolean equals(
final DynamicArrayMap.Entry other)
{
return this.index == other.index
&& ObjectUtil.equalsSafe(this.value, other.value);
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
// The documentation for Map.Entry says to compute the hash code
// like this.
return this.index ^ (this.value == null ? 0 : this.value.hashCode());
}
}
}