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/*
 * Copyright 2013-2014 Richard M. Hightower
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  		http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * __________                              _____          __   .__
 * \______   \ ____   ____   ____   /\    /     \ _____  |  | _|__| ____    ____
 *  |    |  _//  _ \ /  _ \ /    \  \/   /  \ /  \\__  \ |  |/ /  |/    \  / ___\
 *  |    |   (  <_> |  <_> )   |  \ /\  /    Y    \/ __ \|    <|  |   |  \/ /_/  >
 *  |______  /\____/ \____/|___|  / \/  \____|__  (____  /__|_ \__|___|  /\___  /
 *         \/                   \/              \/     \/     \/       \//_____/
 *      ____.                     ___________   _____    ______________.___.
 *     |    |____ ___  _______    \_   _____/  /  _  \  /   _____/\__  |   |
 *     |    \__  \\  \/ /\__  \    |    __)_  /  /_\  \ \_____  \  /   |   |
 * /\__|    |/ __ \\   /  / __ \_  |        \/    |    \/        \ \____   |
 * \________(____  /\_/  (____  / /_______  /\____|__  /_______  / / ______|
 *               \/           \/          \/         \/        \/  \/
 */

package org.boon.core;

import org.boon.*;
import org.boon.core.reflection.*;
import org.boon.primitive.Arry;

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import static org.boon.Boon.sputs;
import static org.boon.Exceptions.die;
import static org.boon.Exceptions.handle;
import static org.boon.core.Typ.getComponentType;
import static org.boon.core.Typ.isArray;


public class Conversions {

    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Conversions.class.getName());


    public static BigDecimal toBigDecimal(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {
            return (BigDecimal) obj;
        }

        if (obj instanceof Value) {
            return ((Value) obj).bigDecimalValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof String) {
            return new BigDecimal((String) obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
            double val = ((Number) obj).doubleValue();
            return BigDecimal.valueOf(val);
        }

        return null;
    }


    public static BigInteger toBigInteger(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof BigInteger) {
            return (BigInteger) obj;
        }

        if (obj instanceof Value) {
            return ((Value) obj).bigIntegerValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof String) {
            return new BigInteger((String) obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
            long val = ((Number) obj).longValue();
            return BigInteger.valueOf(val);
        }

        return null;

    }


    public static int toInt(Object obj) {
        return toInt(obj, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
    }

    public static int toInt(Object obj, int defaultValue) {
        if (obj.getClass() == int.class) {
            return int.class.cast(obj);
        }
        if (obj instanceof Number) {
            return ((Number) obj).intValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof Boolean || obj.getClass() == Boolean.class) {
            boolean value = toBoolean(obj);
            return value ? 1 : 0;
        } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            try {
                return Integer.parseInt(Str.toString(obj));
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                return defaultValue;
            }
        }
        return defaultValue;

    }


    public static byte toByte(Object obj) {
        return toByte(obj, Byte.MIN_VALUE);
    }

    public static byte toByte(Object obj, byte defaultByte) {
        if (obj.getClass() == byte.class) {
            return byte.class.cast(obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
            return ((Number) obj).byteValue();
        } else {
            return (byte) toInt(obj, defaultByte);
        }
    }

    public static short toShort(Object obj) {
        return toShort(obj, Short.MIN_VALUE);
    }

    public static short toShort(Object obj, final short shortDefault) {

        if (obj.getClass() == short.class) {
            return short.class.cast(obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
            return ((Number) obj).shortValue();
        } else {
            return (short) toInt(obj, shortDefault);
        }
    }

    public static char toChar(Object obj) {
        return toChar(obj, (char) 0);
    }

    public static char toChar(Object obj, final char defaultChar) {
        if (obj.getClass() == char.class) {
            return char.class.cast(obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Character) {
            return ((Character) obj).charValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            return obj.toString().charAt(0);
        } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
            return (char) toInt(obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof Boolean || obj.getClass() == Boolean.class) {
            boolean value = toBoolean(obj);
            return value ? 'T' : 'F';
        } else if (obj.getClass().isPrimitive()) {
            return (char) toInt(obj);
        } else {
            String str = toString(obj);
            if (str.length() > 0) {
                return str.charAt(0);
            } else {
                return defaultChar;
            }
        }
    }

    public static long toLong(Object obj) {
        return toLong(obj, Long.MIN_VALUE);
    }


    public static long toLongOrDie(Object obj) {
        long l = toLong(obj, Long.MIN_VALUE);
        if (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
            die("Cannot convert", obj, "into long value", obj);
        }
        return l;
    }

    public static long toLong(Object obj, final long longDefault) {

        if (obj instanceof Long) {
            return (Long) obj;
        }

        if (obj instanceof Number) {
            return ((Number) obj).longValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            String str = Str.toString(obj);
            if (Dates.isJsonDate(str)) {
                return Dates.fromJsonDate(str).getTime();
            }

            try {
                return Long.parseLong(str);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                return longDefault;
            }
        } else if (obj instanceof Date) {
            return ((Date) obj).getTime();
        } else {
            return toInt(obj);
        }

    }

    public static Currency toCurrency(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Currency) {
            return (Currency) obj;
        }

        if (obj instanceof String) {
            String str = Str.toString(obj);
            return Currency.getInstance(str);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the value to boolean.
     *
     * @param value value
     * @return value converted to boolean
     */
    public static boolean toBoolean(Object value) {
        return toBoolean(value, false);
    }


    /**
     * Converts the value to boolean, and if it is null, it uses the default value passed.
     *
     * @param obj          value to convert to boolean
     * @param defaultValue default value
     * @return obj converted to boolean
     */
    public static boolean toBoolean(Object obj, boolean defaultValue) {

        if (obj == null) {
            return defaultValue;
        }

        if (obj instanceof Boolean) {
            return ((Boolean) obj).booleanValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof Number || obj.getClass().isPrimitive()) {
            int value = toInt(obj);
            return value != 0 ? true : false;
        } else if (obj instanceof String || obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            String str = Conversions.toString(obj);
            if (str.length() == 0) {
                return false;
            }
            if (str.equals("false")) {
                return false;
            } else {
                return true;
            }
        } else if (Boon.isArray(obj)) {
            return Boon.len(obj) > 0;
        } else if (obj instanceof Collection) {
            List list = Lists.list((Collection) obj);
            while (list.remove(null)) {

            }
            return Lists.len(list) > 0;
        } else {
            return toBoolean(Conversions.toString(obj));
        }
    }

    public static boolean toBooleanOrDie(Object obj) {

        if (obj == null) {
            die("Can't convert boolean from a null");
        }

        if (obj instanceof Boolean) {
            return ((Boolean) obj).booleanValue();
        } else if (obj instanceof String || obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            String str = Conversions.toString(obj);
            if (str.length() == 0) {
                return false;
            }
            if (str.equals("false")) {
                return false;
            } else if (str.equals("true")) {
                return true;
            }
            die("Can't convert string", obj, "to boolean ");
            return false;
        } else {
            die("Can't convert", obj, "to boolean ");
            return false;

        }
    }

    public static double toDouble(Object obj) {

        try {
            if (obj instanceof Double) {
                return (Double) obj;
            } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
                return ((Number) obj).doubleValue();
            } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
                try {
                    return Double.parseDouble(((CharSequence) obj).toString());
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    die(String.format("Unable to convert %s to a double", obj.getClass()));
                    return Double.MIN_VALUE;
                }
            } else {
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            log.warning(String.format(
                    "unable to convert to double and there was an exception %s",
                    ex.getMessage()));
        }

        die(String.format("Unable to convert %s to a double", obj.getClass()));
        return Double.MIN_VALUE; // die throws an exception

    }

    public static float toFloat(Object obj) {
        if (obj.getClass() == float.class) {
            return (Float) obj;
        }

        try {
            if (obj instanceof Float) {
                return (Float) obj;
            } else if (obj instanceof Number) {
                return ((Number) obj).floatValue();
            } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
                try {
                    return Float.parseFloat(Str.toString(obj));
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    die(String.format("Unable to convert %s to a float", obj.getClass()));
                    return Float.MIN_VALUE;
                }
            } else {
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {

            log.warning(String.format(
                    "unable to convert to float and there was an exception %s",
                    ex.getMessage()));
        }

        die(String.format("Unable to convert %s to a float", obj.getClass()));
        return Float.MIN_VALUE;

    }


    public static  T coerce(Class clz, Object value) {
        if (value != null) {
            if (clz == value.getClass()) {
                return (T) value;
            }
        }

        return coerce(Type.getType(clz), clz, value);
    }

    public static  T createFromArg(Class clz, Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return Reflection.newInstance(clz);
        }
        ClassMeta meta = ClassMeta.classMeta(clz);
        List constructors = meta.oneArgumentConstructors();

        if (constructors.size() == 0) {
            return null;
        } else if (constructors.size() == 1) {
            ConstructorAccess constructorAccess = constructors.get(0);
            Class arg1Type = constructorAccess.parameterTypes()[0];
            if (arg1Type.isInstance(value)) {
                return (T) constructorAccess.create(value);
            } else {
                return (T) constructorAccess.create(coerce(arg1Type, value));
            }
        } else {
            for (ConstructorAccess c : constructors) {
                Class arg1Type = c.parameterTypes()[0];
                if (arg1Type.isInstance(value)) {
                    return (T) c.create(value);
                }
            }


            for (ConstructorAccess c : constructors) {
                Class arg1Type = c.parameterTypes()[0];
                if (arg1Type.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
                    return (T) c.create(value);
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static  T coerce(Type coerceTo, Class clz, Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            if (coerceTo != Type.INSTANCE && !clz.isPrimitive()) {

                return null;
            } else if (clz.isPrimitive()) {
                if (clz == boolean.class) {
                    return (T) (Boolean) false;
                }
                return (T) (Number) 0;
            }
        }

        switch (coerceTo) {
            case STRING:
            case CHAR_SEQUENCE:
                return (T) value.toString();


            case INT:
            case INTEGER_WRAPPER:
                Integer i = toInt(value);
                return (T) i;

            case SHORT:
            case SHORT_WRAPPER:
                Short s = toShort(value);
                return (T) s;


            case BYTE:
            case BYTE_WRAPPER:
                Byte by = toByte(value);
                return (T) by;


            case CHAR:
            case CHAR_WRAPPER:
                Character ch = toChar(value);
                return (T) ch;

            case LONG:
            case LONG_WRAPPER:
                Long l = toLong(value);
                return (T) l;

            case DOUBLE:
            case DOUBLE_WRAPPER:
                Double d = toDouble(value);
                return (T) d;


            case FLOAT:
            case FLOAT_WRAPPER:
                Float f = toFloat(value);
                return (T) f;


            case DATE:
                return (T) toDate(value);

            case BIG_DECIMAL:
                return (T) toBigDecimal(value);


            case BIG_INT:
                return (T) toBigInteger(value);

            case CALENDAR:
                return (T) toCalendar(toDate(value));

            case BOOLEAN:
            case BOOLEAN_WRAPPER:
                return (T) (Boolean) toBoolean(value);

            case MAP:
                if (value instanceof Map) {
                    return (T) value;
                }
                return (T) toMap(value);

            case ARRAY:
                return toPrimitiveArrayIfPossible(clz, value);


            case LIST:
            case SET:
            case COLLECTION:
                return toCollection(clz, value);

            case INSTANCE:
                if (value instanceof Map) {
                    return MapObjectConversion.fromMap((Map) value, clz);
                } else if (value instanceof List) {
                    return MapObjectConversion.fromList((List) value, clz);
                } else if (clz.isInstance(value)) {
                    return (T) value;
                } else {
                    return createFromArg(clz, value);
                }

            case ENUM:
                return (T) toEnum((Class) clz, value);


            case PATH:
                return (T) IO.path(value.toString());


            case CLASS:
                return (T) toClass(value);

            case TIME_ZONE:
                return (T) toTimeZone( value);



            case UUID:
                return (T) toUUID(value);

            case CURRENCY:
                return (T) toCurrency(value);

            case OBJECT:
                return (T) value;

            default:
                return createFromArg(clz, value);
        }
    }

    private static UUID toUUID(Object value) {
        return UUID.fromString(value.toString());
    }


    public static  T coerceWithFlag(Class clz, boolean [] flag, Object value) {

        return coerceWithFlag(Type.getType(clz), clz, flag, value);
    }

    public static  T coerceWithFlag(Type coerceTo, Class clz, boolean [] flag, Object value) {

        flag[0] = true;
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (clz.isInstance(value)) {
            return (T) value;
        }

        switch (coerceTo) {
            case STRING:
            case CHAR_SEQUENCE:
                return (T) value.toString();

            case INT:
            case INTEGER_WRAPPER:
                Integer i = toInt(value);
                if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }
                return (T) i;


            case SHORT:
            case SHORT_WRAPPER:
                Short s = toShort(value);
                if (s == Short.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }
                return (T) s;



            case BYTE:
            case BYTE_WRAPPER:
                Byte by = toByte(value);
                if (by == Byte.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }
                return (T) by;


            case CHAR:
            case CHAR_WRAPPER:
                Character ch = toChar(value);
                if (ch == (char) 0) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }
                return (T) ch;

            case LONG:
            case LONG_WRAPPER:
                Long l = toLong(value);
                if (l == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }

                return (T) l;

            case DOUBLE:
            case DOUBLE_WRAPPER:
                Double d = toDouble(value);
                if (d == Double.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }

                return (T) d;


            case FLOAT:
            case FLOAT_WRAPPER:
                Float f = toFloat(value);
                if (f == Float.MIN_VALUE) {
                    flag[0] = false;
                }
                return (T) f;

            case DATE:
                return (T) toDate(value);

            case BIG_DECIMAL:
                return (T) toBigDecimal(value);


            case BIG_INT:
                return (T) toBigInteger(value);

            case CALENDAR:
                return (T) toCalendar(toDate(value));


            case BOOLEAN:
            case BOOLEAN_WRAPPER:
                return (T) (Boolean) toBooleanOrDie(value);

            case MAP:
                if (value instanceof Map) {
                    return (T) value;
                }
                return (T) toMap(value);

            case ARRAY:
                return toPrimitiveArrayIfPossible(clz, value);

            case COLLECTION:
                return toCollection(clz, value);

            case INSTANCE:
                if (value instanceof Map) {
                    return MapObjectConversion.fromMap((Map) value, clz);
                } else if (value instanceof List) {
                    return MapObjectConversion.fromList((List) value, clz);
                } else if (clz.isInstance(value)) {
                    return (T) value;
                } else {
                    ClassMeta meta = ClassMeta.classMeta(clz);
                    List constructors = meta.oneArgumentConstructors();

                    if (constructors.size() == 0) {
                        return null;
                    } else if (constructors.size() == 1) {
                        ConstructorAccess constructorAccess = constructors.get(0);
                        Class arg1Type = constructorAccess.parameterTypes()[0];
                        if (arg1Type.isInstance(value)) {
                            return (T) constructorAccess.create(value);
                        } else {
                            return (T) constructorAccess.create(coerce(arg1Type, value));
                        }
                    } else {
                        for (ConstructorAccess c : constructors) {
                            Class arg1Type = c.parameterTypes()[0];
                            if (arg1Type.isInstance(value)) {
                                return (T) c.create(value);
                            }
                        }


                        for (ConstructorAccess c : constructors) {
                            Class arg1Type = c.parameterTypes()[0];
                            if (arg1Type.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
                                return (T) c.create(value);
                            }
                        }

                        flag[0] = false;
                        break;

                    }
                }


            case ENUM:
                return (T) toEnum((Class) clz, value);

            case CLASS:
                return (T) toClass(value);


            case TIME_ZONE:
                return (T) toTimeZone(flag, value);


            case UUID:
                return (T) toUUID(flag, value);

            case CURRENCY:
                return (T) toCurrency(value);

            case OBJECT:
                return (T) value;

            default:
                flag[0] = false;
                break;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static UUID toUUID(boolean[] flag, Object value) {
        return toUUID(value);
    }

    public static TimeZone toTimeZone(boolean[] flag, Object value) {
        String id = value.toString();
        return TimeZone.getTimeZone(id);
    }


    public static TimeZone toTimeZone(Object value) {
        String id = value.toString();
        return TimeZone.getTimeZone(id);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static  T coerceClassic(Class clz, Object value) {

        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (clz == value.getClass()) {
            return (T) value;
        }

        if (clz == Typ.string || clz == Typ.chars) {
            return (T) value.toString();
        } else if (clz == Typ.integer || clz == Typ.intgr) {
            Integer i = toInt(value);
            return (T) i;
        } else if (clz == Typ.longWrapper || clz == Typ.lng) {
            Long l = toLong(value);
            return (T) l;
        } else if (clz == Typ.doubleWrapper || clz == Typ.dbl) {
            Double i = toDouble(value);
            return (T) i;
        } else if (clz == Typ.date) {
            return (T) toDate(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.bigInteger) {
            return (T) toBigInteger(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.bigDecimal) {
            return (T) toBigDecimal(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.calendar) {
            return (T) toCalendar(toDate(value));
        } else if (clz == Typ.floatWrapper || clz == Typ.flt) {
            Float i = toFloat(value);
            return (T) i;
        } else if (clz == Typ.stringArray) {
            die("Need to fix this");
            return null;
        } else if (clz == Typ.bool || clz == Typ.bln) {
            Boolean b = toBoolean(value);
            return (T) b;
        } else if (Typ.isMap(clz)) {
            if (value instanceof Map) {
                return (T) value;
            }
            return (T) toMap(value);
        } else if (clz.isArray()) {
            return toPrimitiveArrayIfPossible(clz, value);
        } else if (Typ.isCollection(clz)) {
            return toCollection(clz, value);
        } else if (clz != null && clz.getPackage() != null && !clz.getPackage().getName().startsWith("java")
                && Typ.isMap(value.getClass()) && Typ.doesMapHaveKeyTypeString(value)) {
            return (T) MapObjectConversion.fromMap((Map) value);
        } else if (clz.isEnum()) {
            return (T) toEnum((Class) clz, value);

        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static  T toEnumOld(Class cls, String value) {
        try {
            return (T) Enum.valueOf(cls, value);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            return (T) Enum.valueOf(cls, value.toUpperCase().replace('-', '_'));
        }
    }

    public static  T toEnum(Class cls, String value) {

        return toEnum(cls, value, null);
    }

    public static  T toEnum(Class cls, String value, Enum defaultEnum) {

        T[] enumConstants = cls.getEnumConstants();
        for (T e : enumConstants) {
            if (e.name().equals(value)) {
                return e;
            }
        }


        value = value.toUpperCase().replace('-', '_');
        for (T e : enumConstants) {
            if (e.name().equals(value)) {
                return e;
            }
        }

        value = Str.underBarCase(value);
        for (T e : enumConstants) {
            if (e.name().equals(value)) {
                return e;
            }
        }


        return (T) defaultEnum;
    }

    public static  T toEnum(Class cls, int value) {

        T[] enumConstants = cls.getEnumConstants();
        for (T e : enumConstants) {
            if (e.ordinal() == value) {
                return e;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static  T toEnumOrDie(Class cls, int value) {

        T[] enumConstants = cls.getEnumConstants();
        for (T e : enumConstants) {
            if (e.ordinal() == value) {
                return e;
            }
        }
        die("Can't convert ordinal value " + value + " into enum of type " + cls);
        return null;
    }


    public static  T toEnum(Class cls, Object value) {

        if (value instanceof Value) {
            return ((Value) value).toEnum(cls);
        } else if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
            return toEnum(cls, value.toString());
        } else if (value instanceof Number || value.getClass().isPrimitive()) {

            int i = toInt(value);
            return toEnum(cls, i);
        } else {

            if (value instanceof Collection) {
               return  toEnum(cls, ((Collection) value).iterator().next());
            }
            die( "Can't convert  value " + value + " into enum of type " + cls );
            return null;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static  T toPrimitiveArrayIfPossible(Class clz, Object value) {
        if (clz == Typ.intArray) {
            return (T) iarray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.byteArray) {
            return (T) barray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.charArray) {
            return (T) carray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.shortArray) {
            return (T) sarray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.longArray) {
            return (T) larray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.floatArray) {
            return (T) farray(value);
        } else if (clz == Typ.doubleArray) {
            return (T) darray(value);
        } else if (value.getClass() == clz) {
            return (T) value;
        } else {
            int index = 0;
            Object newInstance = Array.newInstance(clz.getComponentType(), Boon.len(value));
            Iterator iterator = iterator(Typ.object, value);
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                BeanUtils.idx(newInstance, index, iterator.next());
                index++;
            }
            return (T) newInstance;
        }
    }


    public static double[] darray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, bytes, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.doubleArray) {
            return (double[]) value;
        }
        double[] values = new double[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toFloat(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static float[] farray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, bytes, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.floatArray) {
            return (float[]) value;
        }
        float[] values = new float[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toFloat(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static long[] larray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, bytes, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.shortArray) {
            return (long[]) value;
        }
        long[] values = new long[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toLong(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static short[] sarray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, bytes, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.shortArray) {
            return (short[]) value;
        }
        short[] values = new short[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toShort(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static int[] iarray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, bytes, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.intArray) {
            return (int[]) value;
        }
        int[] values = new int[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toInt(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static byte[] barray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, ints, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.byteArray) {
            return (byte[]) value;
        }
        byte[] values = new byte[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Object.class, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toByte(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    public static char[] carray(Object value) {
        //You could handleUnexpectedException shorts, ints, longs and chars more efficiently
        if (value.getClass() == Typ.charArray) {
            return (char[]) value;
        }
        char[] values = new char[Boon.len(value)];
        int index = 0;
        Iterator iterator = iterator(Typ.object, value);
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            values[index] = toChar(iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return values;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static Iterator iterator(final Object value) {
        return iterator(null, value);
    }

    public static  Iterator iterator(Class class1, final Object value) {

        if (value == null) {
            return Collections.EMPTY_LIST.iterator();
        }

        if (Boon.isArray(value)) {
            final int length = Arry.len(value);

            return new Iterator() {
                int i = 0;

                @Override
                public boolean hasNext() {
                    return i < length;
                }

                @Override
                public T next() {
                    T next = (T) BeanUtils.idx(value, i);
                    i++;
                    return next;
                }

                @Override
                public void remove() {
                }
            };
        } else if (Typ.isCollection(value.getClass())) {
            return ((Collection) value).iterator();
        } else {
            return (Iterator) Collections.singleton(value).iterator();
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static  T toCollection(Class clz, Object value) {
        if (Typ.isList(clz)) {
            return (T) toList(value);
        } else if (Typ.isSortedSet(clz)) {
            return (T) toSortedSet(value);
        } else if (Typ.isSet(clz)) {
            return (T) toSet(value);
        } else {
            return (T) toList(value);
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
    public static List toList(Object value) {
        if (value instanceof List) {
            return (List) value;
        } else if (value instanceof Collection) {
            return new ArrayList((Collection) value);
        } else if (value == null) {
            return new ArrayList();
        } else {
            ArrayList list = new ArrayList(Boon.len(value));
            Iterator iterator = iterator(Typ.object, value);
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                list.add(iterator.next());
            }
            return list;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
    public static Set toSet(Object value) {
        if (value instanceof Set) {
            return (Set) value;
        } else if (value instanceof Collection) {
            return new HashSet((Collection) value);
        } else {
            HashSet set = new HashSet(Boon.len(value));
            Iterator iterator = iterator(Typ.object, value);
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                set.add(iterator.next());
            }
            return set;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
    public static SortedSet toSortedSet(Object value) {
        if (value instanceof Set) {
            return (SortedSet) value;
        } else if (value instanceof Collection) {
            return new TreeSet((Collection) value);
        } else {
            TreeSet set = new TreeSet();
            Iterator iterator = iterator(Typ.object, value);
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                set.add(iterator.next());
            }
            return set;
        }
    }


    public static Map toMap(Object value) {
        return MapObjectConversion.toMap(value);
    }


    public static String toString(Object obj) {
        return (obj == null) ? "" : obj.toString();

    }

    public static Number toWrapper(long l) {
        if (l >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && l <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
            return toWrapper((int) l);
        } else {
            return Long.valueOf(l);
        }
    }

    public static Number toWrapper(int i) {
        if (i >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && i <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
            return Byte.valueOf((byte) i);
        } else if (i >= Short.MIN_VALUE && i <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
            return Short.valueOf((short) i);
        } else {
            return Integer.valueOf(i);
        }
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(boolean i) {
        return Boolean.valueOf(i);
    }


    public static Object wrapAsObject(byte i) {
        return Byte.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(short i) {
        return Short.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(int i) {
        return Integer.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(long i) {
        return Long.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(double i) {
        return Double.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object wrapAsObject(float i) {
        return Float.valueOf(i);
    }

    public static Object toArrayGuessType(Collection value) {
        Class componentType = Reflection.getComponentType(value);
        Object array = Array.newInstance(componentType, value.size());
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Iterator iterator = (Iterator) value.iterator();
        int index = 0;
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            BeanUtils.idx(array, index, iterator.next());
            index++;
        }
        return array;
    }


//    public static Object toArray( Class componentType, Collection value ) {
//        Object array = Array.newInstance( componentType, value.size() );
//        @SuppressWarnings ( "unchecked" )
//        Iterator iterator = ( Iterator ) value.iterator();
//        int index = 0;
//        while ( iterator.hasNext() ) {
//            BeanUtils.idx ( array, index, iterator.next () );
//            index++;
//        }
//        return array;
//    }


    public static  T[] toArray(Class componentType, Collection collection) {
        T[] array = (T[]) Array.newInstance(componentType, collection.size());

        if (componentType.isAssignableFrom(getComponentType(collection))) {
            return collection.toArray(array);
        } else {

            int index = 0;
            for (Object o : collection) {
                array[index] = Conversions.coerce(componentType, o);
                index++;
            }
            return array;
        }
    }

//    public static  V[] array( Class type, final Collection array ) {
//        return ( V[] ) Conversions.toArray( type, array );
//    }

    public static  V[] array(Class type, final Collection array) {
        return Conversions.toArray(type, array);
    }

    public static Date toDate(Object object) {

        if (object instanceof Date) {
            return (Date) object;
        } else if (object instanceof Value) {
            return ((Value) object).dateValue();
        } else if (object instanceof Calendar) {
            return ((Calendar) object).getTime();
        } else if (object instanceof Long) {
            return new Date((long) object);
        } else if (object instanceof String) {
            String val = (String) object;
            char[] chars = FastStringUtils.toCharArray(val);
            if (Dates.isISO8601QuickCheck(chars)) {
                return Dates.fromISO8601DateLoose(chars);
            } else {
                return toDateUS(val);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Calendar toCalendar(Date date) {

        final Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.setTime(date);
        return calendar;

    }

    public static Date toDate(Calendar c) {
        return c.getTime();

    }

    public static Date toDate(long value) {
        return new Date(value);
    }

    public static Date toDate(Long value) {
        return new Date(value);
    }

    public static Date toDate(String value) {
        try {
            return toDateUS(value);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            try {
                return DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT).parse(value);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                die("Unable to parse date");
                return null;
            }

        }
    }


    public static Date toDateUS(String string) {

        String[] split = StringScanner.splitByChars(string, new char[]{'.', '\\', '/', ':'});

        if (split.length == 3) {
            return Dates.getUSDate(toInt(split[0]), toInt(split[1]), toInt(split[2]));
        } else if (split.length >= 6) {
            return Dates.getUSDate(toInt(split[0]), toInt(split[1]), toInt(split[2]),
                    toInt(split[3]), toInt(split[4]), toInt(split[5])
            );
        } else {
            die(String.format("Not able to parse %s into a US date", string));
            return null;
        }

    }

    public static Date toEuroDate(String string) {

        String[] split = StringScanner.splitByChars(string, new char[]{'.', '\\', '/', ':'});

        if (split.length == 3) {
            return Dates.getEuroDate(toInt(split[0]), toInt(split[1]), toInt(split[2]));
        } else if (split.length >= 6) {
            return Dates.getEuroDate(toInt(split[0]), toInt(split[1]), toInt(split[2]),
                    toInt(split[3]), toInt(split[4]), toInt(split[5])
            );
        } else {
            die(String.format("Not able to parse %s into a Euro date", string));
            return null;
        }

    }

    public static Collection createCollection(Class type, int size) {

        if (type == List.class) {
            return new ArrayList<>(size);
        } else if (type == SortedSet.class) {
            return new TreeSet<>();
        } else if (type == Set.class) {
            return new LinkedHashSet<>(size);
        } else if (Typ.isList(type)) {
            return new ArrayList<>();
        } else if (Typ.isSortedSet(type)) {
            return new TreeSet<>();
        } else if (Typ.isSet(type)) {
            return new LinkedHashSet<>(size);
        } else {
            return new ArrayList(size);
        }

    }


    public static Map createMap(Class type, int size) {

        if (type == HashMap.class) {
            return new HashMap<>(size);
        } else if (type == TreeMap.class) {
            return new TreeMap<>();
        } else if (type == SortedMap.class) {
            return new TreeMap<>();
        } else if (type == ConcurrentHashMap.class) {
            return new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
        } else {
            return new HashMap(size);
        }

    }



    public static  List mapFilterNulls(Function converter,
                                                     Collection fromCollection) {

        ArrayList toList = new ArrayList<>(fromCollection.size());

        for (FROM from : fromCollection) {
            TO converted = converter.apply(from);
            if (converted != null) {
                toList.add(converted);
            }
        }

        return toList;
    }


    public static Object unifyListOrArray(Object o) {
        return unifyListOrArray(o, null);
    }

    /**
     * This flattens a list.
     * @param o object that might be a list
     * @param list list to add o to or all of o's items to.
     * @return an object or a list
     */
    public static Object unifyListOrArray(Object o, List list) {

        if (o==null) {
            return null;
        }

        boolean isArray = o.getClass().isArray();

        if (list == null && !isArray && !(o instanceof Iterable)) {
            return o;
        }

        if (list == null) {
            list = new ArrayList();
        }

        if (isArray) {
            int length = Array.getLength( o );
            for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) {

                Object o1 = Array.get(o, index);
                if (o1 instanceof Iterable || o.getClass().isArray()) {
                    unifyListOrArray(o1, list);
                } else {
                    list.add(o1);
                }
            }
        } else if (o instanceof Iterable) {
            Iterable i = ((Iterable) o);
            for (Object item : i) {

                if (item instanceof Iterable || o.getClass().isArray()) {
                    unifyListOrArray(item, list);
                } else {
                    list.add(item);
                }

            }


        } else {
            list.add(o);
        }

        return list;


    }



    public static Object unifyList(List list) {
        return unifyListOrArray(list, null);
    }

    /**
     * This flattens a list.
     * @param o object that might be a list
     * @param list list to add o to or all of o's items to.
     * @return an object or a list
     */
    public static Object unifyList(Object o, List list) {

        if (o==null) {
            return null;
        }


        if (list == null) {
            list = new ArrayList();
        }

        if (o instanceof Iterable) {
            Iterable i = ((Iterable) o);


            for (Object item : i) {

               unifyListOrArray(item, list);

            }



        } else {
            list.add(o);
        }

        return list;


    }

    /**
     * Cast an object to a comparable object.
     *
     * @param comparable
     * @return
     */
    public static Comparable comparable(Object comparable) {
        return (Comparable) comparable;
    }


    public Number coerceNumber(Object inputArgument, Class paraType) {
        Number number = (Number) inputArgument;
        if (paraType == int.class || paraType == Integer.class) {
            return number.intValue();
        } else if (paraType == double.class || paraType == Double.class) {
            return number.doubleValue();
        } else if (paraType == float.class || paraType == Float.class) {
            return number.floatValue();
        } else if (paraType == short.class || paraType == Short.class) {
            return number.shortValue();
        } else if (paraType == byte.class || paraType == Byte.class) {
            return number.byteValue();
        }
        return null;
    }


    public static int lengthOf(Object obj) {
        return len(obj);
    }

    public static int len(Object obj) {
        if (isArray(obj)) {
            return Arry.len(obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof CharSequence) {
            return ((CharSequence) obj).length();
        } else if (obj instanceof Collection) {
            return ((Collection) obj).size();
        } else if (obj instanceof Map) {
            return ((Map) obj).size();
        } else if (obj == null) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            die(sputs("Not an array like object", obj, obj.getClass()));
            return 0; //will never get here.
        }

    }



    public static Class toClass(Object value) {

        if (value instanceof Class || value == null) {
            return (Class) value;
        }
        return toClass(value.toString());
    }

    public static Class toClass(String str) {

        try {
            return Class.forName(str);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            return (Class) handle(Object.class, ex);
        }
    }
}