io.jsonwebtoken.lang.Strings Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/*
* Copyright (C) 2014 jsonwebtoken.io
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package io.jsonwebtoken.lang;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeSet;
/**
* Utility methods for working with Strings to reduce pattern repetition and otherwise
* increased cyclomatic complexity.
*/
public final class Strings {
/**
* Empty String, equal to "".
*/
public static final String EMPTY = "";
private static final CharBuffer EMPTY_BUF = CharBuffer.wrap(EMPTY);
private static final String FOLDER_SEPARATOR = "/";
private static final String WINDOWS_FOLDER_SEPARATOR = "\\";
private static final String TOP_PATH = "..";
private static final String CURRENT_PATH = ".";
private static final char EXTENSION_SEPARATOR = '.';
/**
* Convenience alias for {@link StandardCharsets#UTF_8}.
*/
public static final Charset UTF_8 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
private Strings() {
} //prevent instantiation
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// General convenience methods for working with Strings
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Check that the given CharSequence is neither null nor of length 0.
* Note: Will return true for a CharSequence that purely consists of whitespace.
*
* Strings.hasLength(null) = false
* Strings.hasLength("") = false
* Strings.hasLength(" ") = true
* Strings.hasLength("Hello") = true
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check (may be null)
* @return true if the CharSequence is not null and has length
* @see #hasText(String)
*/
public static boolean hasLength(CharSequence str) {
return (str != null && str.length() > 0);
}
/**
* Check that the given String is neither null nor of length 0.
* Note: Will return true for a String that purely consists of whitespace.
*
* @param str the String to check (may be null)
* @return true if the String is not null and has length
* @see #hasLength(CharSequence)
*/
public static boolean hasLength(String str) {
return hasLength((CharSequence) str);
}
/**
* Check whether the given CharSequence has actual text.
* More specifically, returns true if the string not null,
* its length is greater than 0, and it contains at least one non-whitespace character.
*
* Strings.hasText(null) = false
* Strings.hasText("") = false
* Strings.hasText(" ") = false
* Strings.hasText("12345") = true
* Strings.hasText(" 12345 ") = true
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check (may be null)
* @return true if the CharSequence is not null,
* its length is greater than 0, and it does not contain whitespace only
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static boolean hasText(CharSequence str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return false;
}
int strLen = str.length();
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
if (!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check whether the given String has actual text.
* More specifically, returns true if the string not null,
* its length is greater than 0, and it contains at least one non-whitespace character.
*
* @param str the String to check (may be null)
* @return true if the String is not null, its length is
* greater than 0, and it does not contain whitespace only
* @see #hasText(CharSequence)
*/
public static boolean hasText(String str) {
return hasText((CharSequence) str);
}
/**
* Check whether the given CharSequence contains any whitespace characters.
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check (may be null)
* @return true if the CharSequence is not empty and
* contains at least 1 whitespace character
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static boolean containsWhitespace(CharSequence str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return false;
}
int strLen = str.length();
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
if (Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check whether the given String contains any whitespace characters.
*
* @param str the String to check (may be null)
* @return true if the String is not empty and
* contains at least 1 whitespace character
* @see #containsWhitespace(CharSequence)
*/
public static boolean containsWhitespace(String str) {
return containsWhitespace((CharSequence) str);
}
/**
* Trim leading and trailing whitespace from the given String.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @return the trimmed String
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static String trimWhitespace(String str) {
return (String) trimWhitespace((CharSequence) str);
}
private static CharSequence trimWhitespace(CharSequence str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
final int length = str.length();
int start = 0;
while (start < length && Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(start))) {
start++;
}
int end = length;
while (start < length && Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(end - 1))) {
end--;
}
return ((start > 0) || (end < length)) ? str.subSequence(start, end) : str;
}
/**
* Returns the specified string without leading or trailing whitespace, or {@code null} if there are no remaining
* characters.
*
* @param str the string to clean
* @return the specified string without leading or trailing whitespace, or {@code null} if there are no remaining
* characters.
*/
public static String clean(String str) {
CharSequence result = clean((CharSequence) str);
return result != null ? result.toString() : null;
}
/**
* Returns the specified {@code CharSequence} without leading or trailing whitespace, or {@code null} if there are
* no remaining characters.
*
* @param str the {@code CharSequence} to clean
* @return the specified string without leading or trailing whitespace, or {@code null} if there are no remaining
* characters.
*/
public static CharSequence clean(CharSequence str) {
str = trimWhitespace(str);
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return null;
}
return str;
}
/**
* Returns the specified string's UTF-8 bytes, or {@code null} if the string is {@code null}.
*
* @param s the string to obtain UTF-8 bytes
* @return the specified string's UTF-8 bytes, or {@code null} if the string is {@code null}.
* @since 0.12.0
*/
public static byte[] utf8(CharSequence s) {
if (s == null) return null;
CharBuffer cb = s instanceof CharBuffer ? (CharBuffer) s : CharBuffer.wrap(s);
cb.mark();
ByteBuffer buf = UTF_8.encode(cb);
byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.remaining()];
buf.get(bytes);
cb.reset();
return bytes;
}
/**
* Returns {@code new String(utf8Bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)}.
*
* @param utf8Bytes UTF-8 bytes to use with the {@code String} constructor.
* @return {@code new String(utf8Bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)}.
* @since 0.12.0
*/
public static String utf8(byte[] utf8Bytes) {
return new String(utf8Bytes, UTF_8);
}
/**
* Returns {@code new String(asciiBytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)}.
*
* @param asciiBytes US_ASCII bytes to use with the {@code String} constructor.
* @return {@code new String(asciiBytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII)}.
* @since 0.12.0
*/
public static String ascii(byte[] asciiBytes) {
return new String(asciiBytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
}
/**
* Returns the {@link StandardCharsets#US_ASCII US_ASCII}-encoded bytes of the specified {@code CharSequence}.
*
* @param s the {@code CharSequence} to encode to {@code US_ASCII}.
* @return the {@link StandardCharsets#US_ASCII US_ASCII}-encoded bytes of the specified {@code CharSequence}.
*/
public static byte[] ascii(CharSequence s) {
byte[] bytes = null;
if (s != null) {
CharBuffer cb = s instanceof CharBuffer ? (CharBuffer) s : CharBuffer.wrap(s);
ByteBuffer buf = StandardCharsets.US_ASCII.encode(cb);
bytes = new byte[buf.remaining()];
buf.get(bytes);
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code CharBuffer} that wraps {@code seq}, or an empty buffer if {@code seq} is null. If
* {@code seq} is already a {@code CharBuffer}, it is returned unmodified.
*
* @param seq the {@code CharSequence} to wrap.
* @return a {@code CharBuffer} that wraps {@code seq}, or an empty buffer if {@code seq} is null.
*/
public static CharBuffer wrap(CharSequence seq) {
if (!hasLength(seq)) return EMPTY_BUF;
if (seq instanceof CharBuffer) return (CharBuffer) seq;
return CharBuffer.wrap(seq);
}
/**
* Returns a String representation (1s and 0s) of the specified byte.
*
* @param b the byte to represent as 1s and 0s.
* @return a String representation (1s and 0s) of the specified byte.
*/
public static String toBinary(byte b) {
String bString = Integer.toBinaryString(b & 0xFF);
return String.format("%8s", bString).replace((char) Character.SPACE_SEPARATOR, '0');
}
/**
* Returns a String representation (1s and 0s) of the specified byte array.
*
* @param bytes the bytes to represent as 1s and 0s.
* @return a String representation (1s and 0s) of the specified byte array.
*/
public static String toBinary(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(19); //16 characters + 3 space characters
for (byte b : bytes) {
if (sb.length() > 0) {
sb.append((char) Character.SPACE_SEPARATOR);
}
String val = toBinary(b);
sb.append(val);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal String representation of the specified byte array.
*
* @param bytes the bytes to represent as a hexidecimal string.
* @return a hexadecimal String representation of the specified byte array.
*/
public static String toHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (byte temp : bytes) {
if (result.length() > 0) {
result.append((char) Character.SPACE_SEPARATOR);
}
result.append(String.format("%02x", temp));
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* Trim all whitespace from the given String:
* leading, trailing, and intermediate characters.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @return the trimmed String
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static String trimAllWhitespace(String str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
int index = 0;
while (sb.length() > index) {
if (Character.isWhitespace(sb.charAt(index))) {
sb.deleteCharAt(index);
} else {
index++;
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Trim leading whitespace from the given String.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @return the trimmed String
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static String trimLeadingWhitespace(String str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
while (sb.length() > 0 && Character.isWhitespace(sb.charAt(0))) {
sb.deleteCharAt(0);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Trim trailing whitespace from the given String.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @return the trimmed String
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static String trimTrailingWhitespace(String str) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
while (sb.length() > 0 && Character.isWhitespace(sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1))) {
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Trim all occurrences of the supplied leading character from the given String.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @param leadingCharacter the leading character to be trimmed
* @return the trimmed String
*/
public static String trimLeadingCharacter(String str, char leadingCharacter) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
while (sb.length() > 0 && sb.charAt(0) == leadingCharacter) {
sb.deleteCharAt(0);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Trim all occurrences of the supplied trailing character from the given String.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @param trailingCharacter the trailing character to be trimmed
* @return the trimmed String
*/
public static String trimTrailingCharacter(String str, char trailingCharacter) {
if (!hasLength(str)) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
while (sb.length() > 0 && sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1) == trailingCharacter) {
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the given string starts with the specified case-insensitive prefix, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @param prefix the prefix to look for
* @return {@code true} if the given string starts with the specified case-insensitive prefix, {@code false} otherwise.
* @see java.lang.String#startsWith
*/
public static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String prefix) {
if (str == null || prefix == null) {
return false;
}
if (str.length() < prefix.length()) {
return false;
}
if (str.startsWith(prefix)) {
return true;
}
String lcStr = str.substring(0, prefix.length()).toLowerCase();
String lcPrefix = prefix.toLowerCase();
return lcStr.equals(lcPrefix);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the given string ends with the specified case-insensitive suffix, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @param str the String to check
* @param suffix the suffix to look for
* @return {@code true} if the given string ends with the specified case-insensitive suffix, {@code false} otherwise.
* @see java.lang.String#endsWith
*/
public static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(String str, String suffix) {
if (str == null || suffix == null) {
return false;
}
if (str.endsWith(suffix)) {
return true;
}
if (str.length() < suffix.length()) {
return false;
}
String lcStr = str.substring(str.length() - suffix.length()).toLowerCase();
String lcSuffix = suffix.toLowerCase();
return lcStr.equals(lcSuffix);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the given string matches the given substring at the given index, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @param str the original string (or StringBuilder)
* @param index the index in the original string to start matching against
* @param substring the substring to match at the given index
* @return {@code true} if the given string matches the given substring at the given index, {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public static boolean substringMatch(CharSequence str, int index, CharSequence substring) {
for (int j = 0; j < substring.length(); j++) {
int i = index + j;
if (i >= str.length() || str.charAt(i) != substring.charAt(j)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Returns the number of occurrences the substring {@code sub} appears in string {@code str}.
*
* @param str string to search in. Return 0 if this is null.
* @param sub string to search for. Return 0 if this is null.
* @return the number of occurrences the substring {@code sub} appears in string {@code str}.
*/
public static int countOccurrencesOf(String str, String sub) {
if (str == null || sub == null || str.length() == 0 || sub.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
int count = 0;
int pos = 0;
int idx;
while ((idx = str.indexOf(sub, pos)) != -1) {
++count;
pos = idx + sub.length();
}
return count;
}
/**
* Replace all occurrences of a substring within a string with
* another string.
*
* @param inString String to examine
* @param oldPattern String to replace
* @param newPattern String to insert
* @return a String with the replacements
*/
public static String replace(String inString, String oldPattern, String newPattern) {
if (!hasLength(inString) || !hasLength(oldPattern) || newPattern == null) {
return inString;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int pos = 0; // our position in the old string
int index = inString.indexOf(oldPattern);
// the index of an occurrence we've found, or -1
int patLen = oldPattern.length();
while (index >= 0) {
sb.append(inString.substring(pos, index));
sb.append(newPattern);
pos = index + patLen;
index = inString.indexOf(oldPattern, pos);
}
sb.append(inString.substring(pos));
// remember to append any characters to the right of a match
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Delete all occurrences of the given substring.
*
* @param inString the original String
* @param pattern the pattern to delete all occurrences of
* @return the resulting String
*/
public static String delete(String inString, String pattern) {
return replace(inString, pattern, "");
}
/**
* Delete any character in a given String.
*
* @param inString the original String
* @param charsToDelete a set of characters to delete.
* E.g. "az\n" will delete 'a's, 'z's and new lines.
* @return the resulting String
*/
public static String deleteAny(String inString, String charsToDelete) {
if (!hasLength(inString) || !hasLength(charsToDelete)) {
return inString;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < inString.length(); i++) {
char c = inString.charAt(i);
if (charsToDelete.indexOf(c) == -1) {
sb.append(c);
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Convenience methods for working with formatted Strings
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Quote the given String with single quotes.
*
* @param str the input String (e.g. "myString")
* @return the quoted String (e.g. "'myString'"),
* or null if the input was null
*/
public static String quote(String str) {
return (str != null ? "'" + str + "'" : null);
}
/**
* Turn the given Object into a String with single quotes
* if it is a String; keeping the Object as-is else.
*
* @param obj the input Object (e.g. "myString")
* @return the quoted String (e.g. "'myString'"),
* or the input object as-is if not a String
*/
public static Object quoteIfString(Object obj) {
return (obj instanceof String ? quote((String) obj) : obj);
}
/**
* Unqualify a string qualified by a '.' dot character. For example,
* "this.name.is.qualified", returns "qualified".
*
* @param qualifiedName the qualified name
* @return an unqualified string by stripping all previous text before (and including) the last period character.
*/
public static String unqualify(String qualifiedName) {
return unqualify(qualifiedName, '.');
}
/**
* Unqualify a string qualified by a separator character. For example,
* "this:name:is:qualified" returns "qualified" if using a ':' separator.
*
* @param qualifiedName the qualified name
* @param separator the separator
* @return an unqualified string by stripping all previous text before and including the last {@code separator} character.
*/
public static String unqualify(String qualifiedName, char separator) {
return qualifiedName.substring(qualifiedName.lastIndexOf(separator) + 1);
}
/**
* Capitalize a String, changing the first letter to
* upper case as per {@link Character#toUpperCase(char)}.
* No other letters are changed.
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @return the capitalized String, null if null
*/
public static String capitalize(String str) {
return changeFirstCharacterCase(str, true);
}
/**
* Uncapitalize a String, changing the first letter to
* lower case as per {@link Character#toLowerCase(char)}.
* No other letters are changed.
*
* @param str the String to uncapitalize, may be null
* @return the uncapitalized String, null if null
*/
public static String uncapitalize(String str) {
return changeFirstCharacterCase(str, false);
}
private static String changeFirstCharacterCase(String str, boolean capitalize) {
if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
return str;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str.length());
if (capitalize) {
sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(0)));
} else {
sb.append(Character.toLowerCase(str.charAt(0)));
}
sb.append(str.substring(1));
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Extract the filename from the given path,
* e.g. "mypath/myfile.txt" -> "myfile.txt".
*
* @param path the file path (may be null)
* @return the extracted filename, or null if none
*/
public static String getFilename(String path) {
if (path == null) {
return null;
}
int separatorIndex = path.lastIndexOf(FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
return (separatorIndex != -1 ? path.substring(separatorIndex + 1) : path);
}
/**
* Extract the filename extension from the given path,
* e.g. "mypath/myfile.txt" -> "txt".
*
* @param path the file path (may be null)
* @return the extracted filename extension, or null if none
*/
public static String getFilenameExtension(String path) {
if (path == null) {
return null;
}
int extIndex = path.lastIndexOf(EXTENSION_SEPARATOR);
if (extIndex == -1) {
return null;
}
int folderIndex = path.lastIndexOf(FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
if (folderIndex > extIndex) {
return null;
}
return path.substring(extIndex + 1);
}
/**
* Strip the filename extension from the given path,
* e.g. "mypath/myfile.txt" -> "mypath/myfile".
*
* @param path the file path (may be null)
* @return the path with stripped filename extension,
* or null if none
*/
public static String stripFilenameExtension(String path) {
if (path == null) {
return null;
}
int extIndex = path.lastIndexOf(EXTENSION_SEPARATOR);
if (extIndex == -1) {
return path;
}
int folderIndex = path.lastIndexOf(FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
if (folderIndex > extIndex) {
return path;
}
return path.substring(0, extIndex);
}
/**
* Apply the given relative path to the given path,
* assuming standard Java folder separation (i.e. "/" separators).
*
* @param path the path to start from (usually a full file path)
* @param relativePath the relative path to apply
* (relative to the full file path above)
* @return the full file path that results from applying the relative path
*/
public static String applyRelativePath(String path, String relativePath) {
int separatorIndex = path.lastIndexOf(FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
if (separatorIndex != -1) {
String newPath = path.substring(0, separatorIndex);
if (!relativePath.startsWith(FOLDER_SEPARATOR)) {
newPath += FOLDER_SEPARATOR;
}
return newPath + relativePath;
} else {
return relativePath;
}
}
/**
* Normalize the path by suppressing sequences like "path/.." and
* inner simple dots.
* The result is convenient for path comparison. For other uses,
* notice that Windows separators ("\") are replaced by simple slashes.
*
* @param path the original path
* @return the normalized path
*/
public static String cleanPath(String path) {
if (path == null) {
return null;
}
String pathToUse = replace(path, WINDOWS_FOLDER_SEPARATOR, FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
// Strip prefix from path to analyze, to not treat it as part of the
// first path element. This is necessary to correctly parse paths like
// "file:core/../core/io/Resource.class", where the ".." should just
// strip the first "core" directory while keeping the "file:" prefix.
int prefixIndex = pathToUse.indexOf(":");
String prefix = "";
if (prefixIndex != -1) {
prefix = pathToUse.substring(0, prefixIndex + 1);
pathToUse = pathToUse.substring(prefixIndex + 1);
}
if (pathToUse.startsWith(FOLDER_SEPARATOR)) {
prefix = prefix + FOLDER_SEPARATOR;
pathToUse = pathToUse.substring(1);
}
String[] pathArray = delimitedListToStringArray(pathToUse, FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
List pathElements = new LinkedList();
int tops = 0;
for (int i = pathArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
String element = pathArray[i];
if (CURRENT_PATH.equals(element)) {
// Points to current directory - drop it.
} else if (TOP_PATH.equals(element)) {
// Registering top path found.
tops++;
} else {
if (tops > 0) {
// Merging path element with element corresponding to top path.
tops--;
} else {
// Normal path element found.
pathElements.add(0, element);
}
}
}
// Remaining top paths need to be retained.
for (int i = 0; i < tops; i++) {
pathElements.add(0, TOP_PATH);
}
return prefix + collectionToDelimitedString(pathElements, FOLDER_SEPARATOR);
}
/**
* Compare two paths after normalization of them.
*
* @param path1 first path for comparison
* @param path2 second path for comparison
* @return whether the two paths are equivalent after normalization
*/
public static boolean pathEquals(String path1, String path2) {
return cleanPath(path1).equals(cleanPath(path2));
}
/**
* Parse the given localeString value into a {@link java.util.Locale}.
* This is the inverse operation of {@link java.util.Locale#toString Locale's toString}.
*
* @param localeString the locale string, following Locale's
* toString() format ("en", "en_UK", etc);
* also accepts spaces as separators, as an alternative to underscores
* @return a corresponding Locale instance
*/
public static Locale parseLocaleString(String localeString) {
String[] parts = tokenizeToStringArray(localeString, "_ ", false, false);
String language = (parts.length > 0 ? parts[0] : "");
String country = (parts.length > 1 ? parts[1] : "");
validateLocalePart(language);
validateLocalePart(country);
String variant = "";
if (parts.length >= 2) {
// There is definitely a variant, and it is everything after the country
// code sans the separator between the country code and the variant.
int endIndexOfCountryCode = localeString.indexOf(country) + country.length();
// Strip off any leading '_' and whitespace, what's left is the variant.
variant = trimLeadingWhitespace(localeString.substring(endIndexOfCountryCode));
if (variant.startsWith("_")) {
variant = trimLeadingCharacter(variant, '_');
}
}
return (language.length() > 0 ? new Locale(language, country, variant) : null);
}
private static void validateLocalePart(String localePart) {
for (int i = 0; i < localePart.length(); i++) {
char ch = localePart.charAt(i);
if (ch != '_' && ch != ' ' && !Character.isLetterOrDigit(ch)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Locale part \"" + localePart + "\" contains invalid characters");
}
}
}
/**
* Determine the RFC 3066 compliant language tag,
* as used for the HTTP "Accept-Language" header.
*
* @param locale the Locale to transform to a language tag
* @return the RFC 3066 compliant language tag as String
*/
public static String toLanguageTag(Locale locale) {
return locale.getLanguage() + (hasText(locale.getCountry()) ? "-" + locale.getCountry() : "");
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Convenience methods for working with String arrays
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Append the given String to the given String array, returning a new array
* consisting of the input array contents plus the given String.
*
* @param array the array to append to (can be null)
* @param str the String to append
* @return the new array (never null)
*/
public static String[] addStringToArray(String[] array, String str) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array)) {
return new String[]{str};
}
String[] newArr = new String[array.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArr, 0, array.length);
newArr[array.length] = str;
return newArr;
}
/**
* Concatenate the given String arrays into one,
* with overlapping array elements included twice.
*
The order of elements in the original arrays is preserved.
*
* @param array1 the first array (can be null)
* @param array2 the second array (can be null)
* @return the new array (null if both given arrays were null)
*/
public static String[] concatenateStringArrays(String[] array1, String[] array2) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array1)) {
return array2;
}
if (Objects.isEmpty(array2)) {
return array1;
}
String[] newArr = new String[array1.length + array2.length];
System.arraycopy(array1, 0, newArr, 0, array1.length);
System.arraycopy(array2, 0, newArr, array1.length, array2.length);
return newArr;
}
/**
* Merge the given String arrays into one, with overlapping
* array elements only included once.
*
The order of elements in the original arrays is preserved
* (with the exception of overlapping elements, which are only
* included on their first occurrence).
*
* @param array1 the first array (can be null)
* @param array2 the second array (can be null)
* @return the new array (null if both given arrays were null)
*/
public static String[] mergeStringArrays(String[] array1, String[] array2) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array1)) {
return array2;
}
if (Objects.isEmpty(array2)) {
return array1;
}
List result = new ArrayList();
result.addAll(Arrays.asList(array1));
for (String str : array2) {
if (!result.contains(str)) {
result.add(str);
}
}
return toStringArray(result);
}
/**
* Turn given source String array into sorted array.
*
* @param array the source array
* @return the sorted array (never null)
*/
public static String[] sortStringArray(String[] array) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array)) {
return new String[0];
}
Arrays.sort(array);
return array;
}
/**
* Copy the given Collection into a String array.
* The Collection must contain String elements only.
*
* @param collection the Collection to copy
* @return the String array (null if the passed-in
* Collection was null)
*/
public static String[] toStringArray(Collection collection) {
if (collection == null) {
return null;
}
return collection.toArray(new String[collection.size()]);
}
/**
* Copy the given Enumeration into a String array.
* The Enumeration must contain String elements only.
*
* @param enumeration the Enumeration to copy
* @return the String array (null if the passed-in
* Enumeration was null)
*/
public static String[] toStringArray(Enumeration enumeration) {
if (enumeration == null) {
return null;
}
List list = java.util.Collections.list(enumeration);
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
/**
* Trim the elements of the given String array,
* calling String.trim() on each of them.
*
* @param array the original String array
* @return the resulting array (of the same size) with trimmed elements
*/
public static String[] trimArrayElements(String[] array) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array)) {
return new String[0];
}
String[] result = new String[array.length];
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
String element = array[i];
result[i] = (element != null ? element.trim() : null);
}
return result;
}
/**
* Remove duplicate Strings from the given array.
* Also sorts the array, as it uses a TreeSet.
*
* @param array the String array
* @return an array without duplicates, in natural sort order
*/
public static String[] removeDuplicateStrings(String[] array) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array)) {
return array;
}
Set set = new TreeSet();
for (String element : array) {
set.add(element);
}
return toStringArray(set);
}
/**
* Split a String at the first occurrence of the delimiter.
* Does not include the delimiter in the result.
*
* @param toSplit the string to split
* @param delimiter to split the string up with
* @return a two element array with index 0 being before the delimiter, and
* index 1 being after the delimiter (neither element includes the delimiter);
* or null if the delimiter wasn't found in the given input String
*/
public static String[] split(String toSplit, String delimiter) {
if (!hasLength(toSplit) || !hasLength(delimiter)) {
return null;
}
int offset = toSplit.indexOf(delimiter);
if (offset < 0) {
return null;
}
String beforeDelimiter = toSplit.substring(0, offset);
String afterDelimiter = toSplit.substring(offset + delimiter.length());
return new String[]{beforeDelimiter, afterDelimiter};
}
/**
* Take an array Strings and split each element based on the given delimiter.
* A Properties instance is then generated, with the left of the
* delimiter providing the key, and the right of the delimiter providing the value.
* Will trim both the key and value before adding them to the
* Properties instance.
*
* @param array the array to process
* @param delimiter to split each element using (typically the equals symbol)
* @return a Properties instance representing the array contents,
* or null if the array to process was null or empty
*/
public static Properties splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(String[] array, String delimiter) {
return splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(array, delimiter, null);
}
/**
* Take an array Strings and split each element based on the given delimiter.
* A Properties instance is then generated, with the left of the
* delimiter providing the key, and the right of the delimiter providing the value.
*
Will trim both the key and value before adding them to the
* Properties instance.
*
* @param array the array to process
* @param delimiter to split each element using (typically the equals symbol)
* @param charsToDelete one or more characters to remove from each element
* prior to attempting the split operation (typically the quotation mark
* symbol), or null if no removal should occur
* @return a Properties instance representing the array contents,
* or null if the array to process was null or empty
*/
public static Properties splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(String[] array, String delimiter, String charsToDelete) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(array)) {
return null;
}
Properties result = new Properties();
for (String element : array) {
if (charsToDelete != null) {
element = deleteAny(element, charsToDelete);
}
String[] splittedElement = split(element, delimiter);
if (splittedElement == null) {
continue;
}
result.setProperty(splittedElement[0].trim(), splittedElement[1].trim());
}
return result;
}
/**
* Tokenize the given String into a String array via a StringTokenizer.
* Trims tokens and omits empty tokens.
*
The given delimiters string is supposed to consist of any number of
* delimiter characters. Each of those characters can be used to separate
* tokens. A delimiter is always a single character; for multi-character
* delimiters, consider using delimitedListToStringArray
*
* @param str the String to tokenize
* @param delimiters the delimiter characters, assembled as String
* (each of those characters is individually considered as delimiter).
* @return an array of the tokens
* @see java.util.StringTokenizer
* @see java.lang.String#trim()
* @see #delimitedListToStringArray
*/
public static String[] tokenizeToStringArray(String str, String delimiters) {
return tokenizeToStringArray(str, delimiters, true, true);
}
/**
* Tokenize the given String into a String array via a StringTokenizer.
*
The given delimiters string is supposed to consist of any number of
* delimiter characters. Each of those characters can be used to separate
* tokens. A delimiter is always a single character; for multi-character
* delimiters, consider using delimitedListToStringArray
*
* @param str the String to tokenize
* @param delimiters the delimiter characters, assembled as String
* (each of those characters is individually considered as delimiter)
* @param trimTokens trim the tokens via String's trim
* @param ignoreEmptyTokens omit empty tokens from the result array
* (only applies to tokens that are empty after trimming; StringTokenizer
* will not consider subsequent delimiters as token in the first place).
* @return an array of the tokens (null if the input String
* was null)
* @see java.util.StringTokenizer
* @see java.lang.String#trim()
* @see #delimitedListToStringArray
*/
public static String[] tokenizeToStringArray(String str, String delimiters, boolean trimTokens, boolean ignoreEmptyTokens) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(str, delimiters);
List tokens = new ArrayList();
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String token = st.nextToken();
if (trimTokens) {
token = token.trim();
}
if (!ignoreEmptyTokens || token.length() > 0) {
tokens.add(token);
}
}
return toStringArray(tokens);
}
/**
* Take a String which is a delimited list and convert it to a String array.
* A single delimiter can consists of more than one character: It will still
* be considered as single delimiter string, rather than as bunch of potential
* delimiter characters - in contrast to tokenizeToStringArray.
*
* @param str the input String
* @param delimiter the delimiter between elements (this is a single delimiter,
* rather than a bunch individual delimiter characters)
* @return an array of the tokens in the list
* @see #tokenizeToStringArray
*/
public static String[] delimitedListToStringArray(String str, String delimiter) {
return delimitedListToStringArray(str, delimiter, null);
}
/**
* Take a String which is a delimited list and convert it to a String array.
*
A single delimiter can consists of more than one character: It will still
* be considered as single delimiter string, rather than as bunch of potential
* delimiter characters - in contrast to tokenizeToStringArray.
*
* @param str the input String
* @param delimiter the delimiter between elements (this is a single delimiter,
* rather than a bunch individual delimiter characters)
* @param charsToDelete a set of characters to delete. Useful for deleting unwanted
* line breaks: e.g. "\r\n\f" will delete all new lines and line feeds in a String.
* @return an array of the tokens in the list
* @see #tokenizeToStringArray
*/
public static String[] delimitedListToStringArray(String str, String delimiter, String charsToDelete) {
if (str == null) {
return new String[0];
}
if (delimiter == null) {
return new String[]{str};
}
List result = new ArrayList();
if ("".equals(delimiter)) {
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
result.add(deleteAny(str.substring(i, i + 1), charsToDelete));
}
} else {
int pos = 0;
int delPos;
while ((delPos = str.indexOf(delimiter, pos)) != -1) {
result.add(deleteAny(str.substring(pos, delPos), charsToDelete));
pos = delPos + delimiter.length();
}
if (str.length() > 0 && pos <= str.length()) {
// Add rest of String, but not in case of empty input.
result.add(deleteAny(str.substring(pos), charsToDelete));
}
}
return toStringArray(result);
}
/**
* Convert a CSV list into an array of Strings.
*
* @param str the input String
* @return an array of Strings, or the empty array in case of empty input
*/
public static String[] commaDelimitedListToStringArray(String str) {
return delimitedListToStringArray(str, ",");
}
/**
* Convenience method to convert a CSV string list to a set.
* Note that this will suppress duplicates.
*
* @param str the input String
* @return a Set of String entries in the list
*/
public static Set commaDelimitedListToSet(String str) {
Set set = new TreeSet();
String[] tokens = commaDelimitedListToStringArray(str);
for (String token : tokens) {
set.add(token);
}
return set;
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a delimited (e.g. CSV)
* String. E.g. useful for toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @param delim the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @param prefix the String to start each element with
* @param suffix the String to end each element with
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String collectionToDelimitedString(Collection coll, String delim, String prefix, String suffix) {
if (Collections.isEmpty(coll)) {
return "";
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Iterator it = coll.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(prefix).append(it.next()).append(suffix);
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(delim);
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a delimited (e.g. CSV)
* String. E.g. useful for toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @param delim the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String collectionToDelimitedString(Collection coll, String delim) {
return collectionToDelimitedString(coll, delim, "", "");
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a CSV String.
* E.g. useful for toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String collectionToCommaDelimitedString(Collection coll) {
return collectionToDelimitedString(coll, ",");
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a String array as a delimited (e.g. CSV)
* String. E.g. useful for toString() implementations.
*
* @param arr the array to display
* @param delim the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String arrayToDelimitedString(Object[] arr, String delim) {
if (Objects.isEmpty(arr)) {
return "";
}
if (arr.length == 1) {
return Objects.nullSafeToString(arr[0]);
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
sb.append(delim);
}
sb.append(arr[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a String array as a CSV String.
* E.g. useful for toString() implementations.
*
* @param arr the array to display
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String arrayToCommaDelimitedString(Object[] arr) {
return arrayToDelimitedString(arr, ",");
}
/**
* Appends a space character (' ') if the argument is not empty, otherwise does nothing. This method
* can be thought of as "non-empty space". Using this method allows reduction of this:
*
* if (sb.length != 0) {
* sb.append(' ');
* }
* sb.append(nextWord);
* To this:
*
* nespace(sb).append(nextWord);
*
* @param sb the string builder to append a space to if non-empty
* @return the string builder argument for method chaining.
* @since 0.12.0
*/
public static StringBuilder nespace(StringBuilder sb) {
if (sb == null) {
return null;
}
if (sb.length() != 0) {
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb;
}
}