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Mats^3 Utilities - notably the MatsFuturizer, which provides a bridge from synchronous processes to the highly asynchronous Mats^3 services.
package io.mats3.util.wrappers;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import io.mats3.MatsFactory.MatsWrapper;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* DataSource wrapper which returns thin Connection proxies (currently employing Java's "dynamic proxy" functionality)
* which do not actually fetch a Connection until it is needed. It defers as long as possible, "holding back" calls to
* {@link Connection#setAutoCommit(boolean) setAutoCommit(..)}, {@link Connection#setTransactionIsolation(int)
* setTransactionIsolation(..)}, {@link Connection#setReadOnly(boolean) setReadOnly(..)}, and ignores any
* {@link Connection#commit() commit()} and {@link Connection#rollback() rollback()}, as well as handling some
* surrounding methods like toString(), equals(), hashCode() etc, until the user code e.g. creates a Statement or
* PreparedStatement - i.e. not until the user code actually needs to talk to the database. This deferring results in a
* situation where if the user code opens a transaction, but does not need to talk to the database after all, and
* then commits the transaction, the entire operation is elided - saving several round-trips over the wire.
*
* The use of Java Dynamic Proxies is a simple way to ensure that the implementation is future proof, in that any method
* that appears on the Connection in any Java version will be handled by triggering actual Connection fetching and
* subsequent call-through to the actual method. Only the methods that are used in standard transaction management are
* specially handled to defer the getting of the actual Connection.
*
* Note that it is assumed that the AutoCommit, TransactionIsolation and ReadOnly values are identical for all fetched
* Connections (that is, the pool resets them to some default when {@link Connection#close() connection.close()} is
* invoked). The default values for these properties are retrieved from the very first Connection that is actually
* fetched. The deferring works as such: If you set one of these value on the returned proxied Connection, this will be
* recorded, and will subsequently be set on the actual Connection once it is fetched because it is needed (e.g. when a
* PreparedStatement is created). However, as a further performance optimization, when about to set the value, it is
* compared against those default values gotten from the first Connection, and if they are equal, the actual
* setting-invocation is elided.
*
* Inspired by Spring's LazyConnectionDataSourceProxy, but with the additional feature that you can query the Connection
* proxy for whether the underlying Connection was actually gotten, since it is a {@link DeferredConnectionProxy
* DeferredConnectionProxy} (extends {@link Connection}). It also has the method
* {@link #actualConnectionWasRetrieved(DeferredConnectionProxy, Connection) actualConnectionWasRetrieved(proxy,
* actualConnection)} which can be interesting for extensions. It also has the method
* {@link #methodInvoked(boolean, DeferredConnectionProxy, Connection, Method, Object[], Object) methodInvoked(..)},
* which is invoked after every method invoked on the returned {@link DeferredConnectionProxy DeferredConnectionProxy}s,
* which primarily is interesting for testing, but might have other uses.
*
* If in a Spring environment, the returned Connection instances furthermore implements
* org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionProxy.
*
* @author Endre Stølsvik 2021-01-26 23:45 - http://stolsvik.com/, [email protected]
*/
public class DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper extends DataSourceWrapper {
// TODO: Evaluate what impact dynaproxies gives on performance, and whether rather use ByteBuddy or similar.
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper.class);
private static final String SPRING_CONNECTION_PROXY_CLASSNAME = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionProxy";
private static final Class[] INTERFACES_TO_IMPLEMENT;
private static final Map INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION = new HashMap<>();
static {
INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.put(Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE, "TRANSACTION_NONE"); // 0
INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.put(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED, "TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED"); // 1
INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.put(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED, "TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED"); // 2
INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.put(Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ, "TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ"); // 4
INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.put(Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE, "TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE"); // 8
Class springConnectionProxyInterface = null;
try {
springConnectionProxyInterface = Class.forName(SPRING_CONNECTION_PROXY_CLASSNAME);
}
catch (Exception e) {
/* Not found: no-op */
}
INTERFACES_TO_IMPLEMENT = springConnectionProxyInterface != null
? new Class[] { DeferredConnectionProxy.class, springConnectionProxyInterface }
: new Class[] { DeferredConnectionProxy.class };
}
/**
* @param dataSource
* the DataSource to wrap.
* @return an instance of this class wrapping the supplied DataSource.
*/
public static DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper wrap(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper(dataSource);
}
/**
* @return a "thin Proxy", implemented as Java's "dynamic proxy", NOT YET proxying an actual Connection.
* @throws SQLException
* can actually never throw SQLException, since it just gives you a proxy.
*/
@Override
public DeferredConnectionProxy getConnection() throws SQLException {
DeferredFetchInvocationHandler invocationHandler = new DeferredFetchInvocationHandler();
DeferredConnectionProxy connectionProxy = (DeferredConnectionProxy) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper.class.getClassLoader(),
INTERFACES_TO_IMPLEMENT, invocationHandler);
invocationHandler.setConnectionProxy(connectionProxy);
return connectionProxy;
}
/**
* @param username
* username to to forward to underlying DataSource.getConnection(username, password) when Connection
* needs to be gotten.
* @param password
* password to to forward to underlying DataSource.getConnection(username, password) when Connection
* needs to be gotten.
* @return a "thin Proxy", implemented as Java's "dynamic proxy", NOT YET proxying an actual Connection.
* @throws SQLException
* can actually never throw SQLException, since it just gives you a proxy.
*/
@Override
public DeferredConnectionProxy getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
DeferredFetchInvocationHandler invocationHandler = new DeferredFetchInvocationHandler(username, password);
DeferredConnectionProxy connectionProxy = (DeferredConnectionProxy) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper.class.getClassLoader(),
INTERFACES_TO_IMPLEMENT, invocationHandler);
invocationHandler.setConnectionProxy(connectionProxy);
return connectionProxy;
}
/**
* Provides a method to query whether the Connection actually was gotten.
*/
public interface DeferredConnectionProxy extends Connection, MatsWrapper {
boolean isActualConnectionRetrieved();
}
/**
* Override if you want to know when the actual Connection was retrieved. Default implementation logs to debug.
*/
protected void actualConnectionWasRetrieved(DeferredConnectionProxy connectionProxy, Connection actualConnection) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) log.debug("Actual Connection retrieved from DataSource@"
+ Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(unwrap())) + " [" + unwrap()
+ "] -> Connection@" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(actualConnection))
+ " [" + actualConnection
+ "], for DeferredConnectionProxy@" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(connectionProxy)));
}
/**
* Override if you want to know about every method invoked on the {@link DeferredConnectionProxy}, its arguments
* and its return value, and whether it was the proxy or the actual Connection that answered. Default implementation
* does nothing.
*/
protected void methodInvoked(boolean answeredByProxy, DeferredConnectionProxy connectionProxy,
Connection actualConnection, Method method, Object[] args, Object result) {
}
protected DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper() {
/* no-op; must set DataSource using setWrappee(..) */
}
protected DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper(DataSource targetDataSource) {
super(targetDataSource);
}
// :: Write guarded by synchronization on /this/.
protected volatile Boolean _autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource;
protected volatile Integer _transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource;
protected volatile Boolean _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource;
/**
* @return null until the first underlying Connection has actually been gotten, after that what this
* first underlying Connection replied to invocation of {@link Connection#getAutoCommit()}.
*/
public Boolean getAutoCommitFromWrappedDataSource() {
return _autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource;
}
/**
* @return null until the first underlying Connection has actually been gotten, after that what this
* first underlying Connection replied to invocation of {@link Connection#getTransactionIsolation()}.
*/
public Integer getTransactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource() {
return _transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource;
}
/**
* @return null until the first underlying Connection has actually been gotten, after that what this
* first underlying Connection replied to invocation of {@link Connection#isReadOnly()}.
*/
public Boolean getReadOnlyFromWrappedDataSource() {
return _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource;
}
protected void retrieveDefaultAutoCommitAndTransactionIsolationAndReadOnlyValues(Connection con)
throws SQLException {
// Note: Double-checked-locking, using volatile and synchronized
if ((_autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource == null) || (_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource == null)
|| _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource == null) {
boolean firstDepooledConnectionAutoCommitStatus = con.getAutoCommit();
int firstDepooledConnectionTransactionIsolationStatus = con.getTransactionIsolation();
boolean firstDepooledConnectionReadOnlyStatus = con.isReadOnly();
log.info("Retrieved default values for transactional properties from first actual Connection:"
+ " AutoCommit:[" + firstDepooledConnectionAutoCommitStatus + "],"
+ " TransactionIsolation:[" + firstDepooledConnectionTransactionIsolationStatus + ":"
+ INT_TO_TRANSACTION_ISOLATION.get(firstDepooledConnectionTransactionIsolationStatus) + "],"
+ " ReadOnly:[" + firstDepooledConnectionReadOnlyStatus + "].");
synchronized (this) {
// ?: Checking double..
if ((_autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource == null) || (_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource == null)
|| _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource == null) {
// -> Not set, setting:
_autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource = firstDepooledConnectionAutoCommitStatus;
_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource = firstDepooledConnectionTransactionIsolationStatus;
_readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource = firstDepooledConnectionReadOnlyStatus;
}
}
}
}
/**
* Implementation of Java's "dynamic proxy" {@link InvocationHandler} for deferring fetching of actual Connection
* until necessary.
*/
protected class DeferredFetchInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private final String _username;
private final String _password;
private Connection _actualConnection;
private Boolean _desiredAutoCommit;
private Integer _desiredTransactionIsolation;
private Boolean _desiredReadOnly;
private boolean _closedWithoutGettingActualConnection;
private DeferredConnectionProxy _connectionProxy;
public DeferredFetchInvocationHandler() {
_username = null;
_password = null;
}
public DeferredFetchInvocationHandler(String username, String password) {
_username = username;
_password = password;
}
protected void setConnectionProxy(DeferredConnectionProxy connectionProxy) {
_connectionProxy = connectionProxy;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
// :: First handle methods we can or must answer with only the proxy
switch (method.getName()) {
case "isActualConnectionRetrieved":
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, _actualConnection != null);
return _actualConnection != null;
case "getTargetConnection":
// -> Spring's ConnectionProxy.getTargetConnection() ("magically" implemented if on Classpath)
// Actually get the Connection
retrieveActualConnection(method);
// Return it
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, _actualConnection);
return _actualConnection;
case "unwrap":
// ?: Is this MatsWrapper's unwrap?
if (args == null) { // no-args method get null, not zero-length array.
// -> Yes, MatsWrapper.unwrap()
// Actually get the Connection
retrieveActualConnection(method);
// Return it
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, _actualConnection);
return _actualConnection;
}
// E-> No, it is the JDBC 4.0 Connection.unwrap(interface)
// ?: Is the question whether it is one of the interfaces the proxy implement?
if (((Class) args[0]).isInstance(proxy)) {
// -> Yes, so return the proxy
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, proxy);
return proxy;
}
// E-> No, it is not - so fallthrough to retrieve and query the actual connection.
break;
case "isWrapperFor":
// ?: Is the question whether it is one of the interfaces the proxy implement?
if (((Class) args[0]).isInstance(proxy)) {
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, true);
return true;
}
// E-> No, it is not - so fallthrough to retrieve and query the actual connection.
break;
case "equals":
// To avoid getting Connection for simple equals, we perform identity equality
boolean equals = proxy == args[0];
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, equals);
return equals;
case "hashCode":
// To avoid getting Connection for simple hashcode, we perform identity hashcode.
// HashCode cannot change when we've gotten the actual Connection, so do this always.
int hashCode = System.identityHashCode(proxy);
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, hashCode);
return hashCode;
case "toString":
// -> Yes, toString, reply with String explaining that we're wrapped.
// ?: Do we have actual Connection?
String toString = _actualConnection != null
? "DeferredConnectionProxy@" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(
_connectionProxy)) + " WITH actual Connection@"
+ Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(_actualConnection))
+ " [" + _actualConnection + "]"
: "DeferredConnectionProxy@" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(
_connectionProxy)) + " WITHOUT actual Connection from DataSource@"
+ Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(unwrap()))
+ " [" + unwrap() + "]";
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, toString);
return toString;
}
// :: Now, handle methods which we will answer with only the proxy, UNLESS we've already have gotten
// the actual Connection
// ?: Do we have the actual Connection?
if (_actualConnection == null) {
// -> No, we do not have the actual Connection yet.
// Let's hope we can handle it without getting it!
// :: Fist handle methods we can do even if user have closed the Connection.
switch (method.getName()) {
case "close":
// -> Yes, close(), and we haven't fetched Connection - set state to closed for proxy.
_closedWithoutGettingActualConnection = true;
// Void method, return null.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, null);
return null;
case "isClosed":
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args,
_closedWithoutGettingActualConnection);
return _closedWithoutGettingActualConnection;
}
// :: Now, check if the user have already closed the proxy (without getting the actual Connection)
if (_closedWithoutGettingActualConnection) {
throw new SQLException("The Connection is already closed. (This is a"
+ " DeferredConnectionProxy, and it was closed without fetching the actual Connection)");
}
// :: Now, do all the operations allowed when not having yet closed the connection proxy
switch (method.getName()) {
case "setAutoCommit":
// -> Yes, setAutoCommit(): Record user's desire.
_desiredAutoCommit = (Boolean) args[0];
// Void method, return null.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, null);
return null;
case "getAutoCommit":
// -> Yes, getAutoCommit()
// ?: Have the user set his desired AutoCommit?
if (_desiredAutoCommit != null) {
// -> Yes, set - return his desire.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, _desiredAutoCommit);
return _desiredAutoCommit;
}
// E-> No, user hasn't set desired yet.
// ?: Have we gotten the default from the pool yet?
if (_autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource != null) {
// -> Yes, default from pool gotten - return it.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, _autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource);
return _autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource;
}
// E-> Desired nor default AutoCommit not yet set, so fall-through to getting the actual
// Connection. (This will also initialize the defaults.)
break;
case "setTransactionIsolation":
// -> Yes, setTransactionIsolation(): Record user's desire.
_desiredTransactionIsolation = (Integer) args[0];
// Void method, return null.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, null);
return null;
case "getTransactionIsolation":
// -> Yes, getTransactionIsolation()
// ?: Have the user set his desired TransactionIsolation?
if (_desiredTransactionIsolation != null) {
// -> Yes, set - return his desire.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, _desiredTransactionIsolation);
return _desiredTransactionIsolation;
}
// E-> No, user hasn't set desired yet.
// ?: Have we gotten the default from the pool yet?
if (_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource != null) {
// -> Yes, default from pool gotten - return it.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args,
_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource);
return _transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource;
}
// E-> Desired nor default TransactionIsolation not yet set, so fall-through to get the actual
// Connection. (This will also initialize the defaults.)
break;
case "setReadOnly":
// -> Yes, setReadOnly(): Record user's desire.
_desiredReadOnly = (Boolean) args[0];
// Void method, return null.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, null);
return null;
case "isReadOnly":
// -> Yes, isReadOnly()
// ?: Have the user set his desired ReadOnly?
if (_desiredReadOnly != null) {
// -> Yes, set - return his desire.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, _desiredReadOnly);
return _desiredReadOnly;
}
// E-> No, user hasn't set desired yet.
// ?: Have we gotten the default from the pool yet?
if (_readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource != null) {
// -> Yes, default from pool gotten - return it.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource);
return _readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource;
}
// E-> Desired nor default ReadOnly not yet set, so fall-through to get the actual Connection.
// (This will also initialize the defaults.)
break;
case "commit":
// -> Yes, commit(): Actual Connection not yet fetched, so nothing to commit, thus IGNORE.
// Fall-through: Void method, return null.
case "rollback":
// -> Yes, rollback(): Actual Connection not yet fetched, so nothing to rollback, thus IGNORE.
// Fall-through: Void method, return null.
case "getWarnings":
// -> Yes, getWarnings(): Actual Connection not yet fetched, so no Warnings (return null)
// Fall-through: Return null because no warnings
case "clearWarnings":
// -> Yes, clearWarnings(): Actual Connection not yet fetched, so nothing to clear.
// Void method, return null.
methodInvoked(true, _connectionProxy, null, method, args, null);
return null;
}
}
// :: NOW, actual Connection is already fetched, OR we cannot handle the method invoked without getting it.
// Retrieve; No-op if already retrieved. (Will also initialize the default trans props if not yet gotten.)
retrieveActualConnection(method);
// NOTICE: We assume that the pool resets the different values for AutoCommit, TransactionIsolation and
// ReadOnly upon close().
// E.g. for C3P0, the reset logic is in C3P0PoolecConnection.reset():391-426, where AutoCommit,
// TransactionIsolation and ReadOnly; as well as Catalog, Holdability and TypeMap is reset.
// Invoke the method on the actual Connection.
try {
Object result = method.invoke(_actualConnection, args);
methodInvoked(false, _connectionProxy, _actualConnection, method, args, result);
return result;
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw ex.getTargetException();
}
}
/**
* Fetches the Connection if necessary.
*/
private void retrieveActualConnection(Method method) throws SQLException {
// ?: Is it already fetched?
if (_actualConnection != null) {
// -> Yes, already fetched, so nothing to do.
return;
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Fetching actual Connection for method [" + method.getName() + "()].");
// :: Fetch actual Connection
// ?: Is username set?
if (_username != null) {
// -> Yes, set, so use the getConnection(u/p)
_actualConnection = unwrap().getConnection(_username, _password);
}
else {
// -> No, not set, so use the getConnection()
_actualConnection = unwrap().getConnection();
}
retrieveDefaultAutoCommitAndTransactionIsolationAndReadOnlyValues(_actualConnection);
// :: Apply the desired transaction settings
// ?: Has user set desired AutoCommit?
if (_desiredAutoCommit != null) {
// -> Yes, user has set desired AutoCommit
// ?: Is it different from the default (gotten from the first Connection)?
if (!_desiredAutoCommit.equals(_autoCommitFromWrappedDataSource)) {
// -> Yes, it is different, so set it
_actualConnection.setAutoCommit(_desiredAutoCommit);
}
}
// ?: Has user set desired TransactionIsolation?
if (_desiredTransactionIsolation != null) {
// -> Yes, user has set desired TransactionIsolation
// ?: Is it different from the default (gotten from the first Connection)?
if (!_desiredTransactionIsolation.equals(_transactionIsolationFromWrappedDataSource)) {
// -> Yes, it is different, so set it
_actualConnection.setTransactionIsolation(_desiredTransactionIsolation);
}
}
// ?: Has user set desired ReadOnly?
if (_desiredReadOnly != null) {
// -> Yes, user has set desired TransactionIsolation
// ?: Is it different from the default (gotten from the first Connection)?
if (!_desiredReadOnly.equals(_readOnlyFromWrappedDataSource)) {
// -> Yes, it is different, so set it
try {
_actualConnection.setReadOnly(_desiredReadOnly);
}
catch (Exception e) {
// Read-only Connection is not supported, but this is just a hint, so we ignore it.
log.debug("Connection.setReadOnly(true) raised Exception, but ignoring since it is just a hint."
+ " Connection [" + _actualConnection + "]", e);
}
}
}
// :: Notify the DeferredConnectionProxyDataSourceWrapper about this actual retrieval.
actualConnectionWasRetrieved(_connectionProxy, _actualConnection);
}
}
}
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