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Publishes Micrometer meters in OTLP format
/*
* Copyright 2022 VMware, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package io.micrometer.registry.otlp;
import io.micrometer.common.lang.Nullable;
import io.micrometer.common.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
import io.micrometer.common.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.Gauge;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.*;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.config.NamingConvention;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.distribution.*;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.distribution.Histogram;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.distribution.pause.PauseDetector;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.internal.DefaultGauge;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.internal.DefaultLongTaskTimer;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.internal.DefaultMeter;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.push.PushMeterRegistry;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.step.StepCounter;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.step.StepFunctionCounter;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.step.StepFunctionTimer;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.step.StepMeterRegistry;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.util.MeterPartition;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.util.NamedThreadFactory;
import io.micrometer.core.instrument.util.TimeUtils;
import io.micrometer.core.ipc.http.HttpSender;
import io.micrometer.core.ipc.http.HttpUrlConnectionSender;
import io.opentelemetry.proto.collector.metrics.v1.ExportMetricsServiceRequest;
import io.opentelemetry.proto.common.v1.AnyValue;
import io.opentelemetry.proto.common.v1.KeyValue;
import io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.*;
import io.opentelemetry.proto.resource.v1.Resource;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.DoubleSupplier;
import java.util.function.ToDoubleFunction;
import java.util.function.ToLongFunction;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import static io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.AggregationTemporality.AGGREGATION_TEMPORALITY_CUMULATIVE;
import static io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.AggregationTemporality.AGGREGATION_TEMPORALITY_DELTA;
/**
* Publishes meters in OTLP (OpenTelemetry Protocol) format. HTTP with Protobuf encoding
* is the only option currently supported.
*
* @author Tommy Ludwig
* @author Lenin Jaganathan
* @author Jonatan Ivanov
* @since 1.9.0
*/
public class OtlpMeterRegistry extends PushMeterRegistry {
private static final ThreadFactory DEFAULT_THREAD_FACTORY = new NamedThreadFactory("otlp-metrics-publisher");
private static final double[] EMPTY_SLO_WITH_POSITIVE_INF = new double[] { Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY };
private final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(OtlpMeterRegistry.class);
private final OtlpConfig config;
private final HttpSender httpSender;
private final Resource resource;
private final io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.AggregationTemporality otlpAggregationTemporality;
private final TimeUnit baseTimeUnit;
private long deltaAggregationTimeUnixNano = 0L;
// Time when the last scheduled rollOver has started. Applicable only for delta
// flavour.
private volatile long lastMeterRolloverStartTime = -1;
@Nullable
private ScheduledExecutorService meterPollingService;
public OtlpMeterRegistry() {
this(OtlpConfig.DEFAULT, Clock.SYSTEM);
}
public OtlpMeterRegistry(OtlpConfig config, Clock clock) {
this(config, clock, new HttpUrlConnectionSender());
}
// not public until we decide what we want to expose in public API
// HttpSender may not be a good idea if we will support a non-HTTP transport
private OtlpMeterRegistry(OtlpConfig config, Clock clock, HttpSender httpSender) {
super(config, clock);
this.config = config;
this.baseTimeUnit = config.baseTimeUnit();
this.httpSender = httpSender;
this.resource = Resource.newBuilder().addAllAttributes(getResourceAttributes()).build();
this.otlpAggregationTemporality = AggregationTemporality
.toOtlpAggregationTemporality(config.aggregationTemporality());
setDeltaAggregationTimeUnixNano();
config().namingConvention(NamingConvention.dot);
start(DEFAULT_THREAD_FACTORY);
}
@Override
public void start(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super.start(threadFactory);
if (config.enabled() && isDelta()) {
this.meterPollingService = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(threadFactory);
this.meterPollingService.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::pollMetersToRollover, getInitialDelay(),
config.step().toMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
@Override
public void stop() {
super.stop();
if (this.meterPollingService != null) {
this.meterPollingService.shutdown();
}
}
@Override
protected void publish() {
if (isDelta()) {
setDeltaAggregationTimeUnixNano();
}
for (List batch : MeterPartition.partition(this, config.batchSize())) {
List metrics = batch.stream()
.map(meter -> meter.match(this::writeGauge, this::writeCounter, this::writeHistogramSupport,
this::writeHistogramSupport, this::writeHistogramSupport, this::writeGauge,
this::writeFunctionCounter, this::writeFunctionTimer, this::writeMeter))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
try {
ExportMetricsServiceRequest request = ExportMetricsServiceRequest.newBuilder()
.addResourceMetrics(ResourceMetrics.newBuilder()
.setResource(this.resource)
.addScopeMetrics(ScopeMetrics.newBuilder()
// we don't have instrumentation library/version
// attached to meters; leave unknown for now
// .setScope(InstrumentationScope.newBuilder().setName("").setVersion("").build())
.addAllMetrics(metrics)
.build())
.build())
.build();
HttpSender.Request.Builder httpRequest = this.httpSender.post(this.config.url())
.withContent("application/x-protobuf", request.toByteArray());
this.config.headers().forEach(httpRequest::withHeader);
HttpSender.Response response = httpRequest.send();
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
logger.warn("Failed to publish metrics. Server responded with HTTP status code {} and body {}",
response.code(), response.body());
}
}
catch (Throwable e) {
logger.warn("Failed to publish metrics to OTLP receiver", e);
}
}
}
@Override
protected Gauge newGauge(Meter.Id id, @Nullable T obj, ToDoubleFunction valueFunction) {
return new DefaultGauge<>(id, obj, valueFunction);
}
@Override
protected Counter newCounter(Meter.Id id) {
return isCumulative() ? new OtlpCumulativeCounter(id, this.clock)
: new StepCounter(id, this.clock, config.step().toMillis());
}
@Override
protected Timer newTimer(Meter.Id id, DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig,
PauseDetector pauseDetector) {
return isCumulative()
? new OtlpCumulativeTimer(id, this.clock, distributionStatisticConfig, pauseDetector, getBaseTimeUnit())
: new OtlpStepTimer(id, clock, distributionStatisticConfig, pauseDetector, getBaseTimeUnit(),
config.step().toMillis());
}
@Override
protected DistributionSummary newDistributionSummary(Meter.Id id,
DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig, double scale) {
return isCumulative()
? new OtlpCumulativeDistributionSummary(id, this.clock, distributionStatisticConfig, scale, true)
: new OtlpStepDistributionSummary(id, clock, distributionStatisticConfig, scale,
config.step().toMillis());
}
@Override
protected Meter newMeter(Meter.Id id, Meter.Type type, Iterable measurements) {
return new DefaultMeter(id, type, measurements);
}
@Override
protected FunctionTimer newFunctionTimer(Meter.Id id, T obj, ToLongFunction countFunction,
ToDoubleFunction totalTimeFunction, TimeUnit totalTimeFunctionUnit) {
return isCumulative()
? new OtlpCumulativeFunctionTimer<>(id, obj, countFunction, totalTimeFunction, totalTimeFunctionUnit,
getBaseTimeUnit(), this.clock)
: new StepFunctionTimer<>(id, clock, config.step().toMillis(), obj, countFunction, totalTimeFunction,
totalTimeFunctionUnit, getBaseTimeUnit());
}
@Override
protected FunctionCounter newFunctionCounter(Meter.Id id, T obj, ToDoubleFunction countFunction) {
return isCumulative() ? new OtlpCumulativeFunctionCounter<>(id, obj, countFunction, this.clock)
: new StepFunctionCounter<>(id, clock, config.step().toMillis(), obj, countFunction);
}
@Override
protected LongTaskTimer newLongTaskTimer(Meter.Id id, DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig) {
return isCumulative()
? new OtlpCumulativeLongTaskTimer(id, this.clock, getBaseTimeUnit(), distributionStatisticConfig)
: new DefaultLongTaskTimer(id, clock, getBaseTimeUnit(), distributionStatisticConfig, false);
}
@Override
protected TimeUnit getBaseTimeUnit() {
return baseTimeUnit;
}
@Override
protected DistributionStatisticConfig defaultHistogramConfig() {
return DistributionStatisticConfig.builder()
.expiry(this.config.step())
.build()
.merge(DistributionStatisticConfig.DEFAULT);
}
@Override
public void close() {
stop();
if (config.enabled() && isDelta() && !isClosed()) {
if (shouldPublishDataForLastStep() && !isPublishing()) {
// Data was not published for the last step. So, we should flush that
// first.
try {
publish();
}
catch (Throwable e) {
logger.warn(
"Unexpected exception thrown while publishing metrics for " + getClass().getSimpleName(),
e);
}
}
else if (isPublishing()) {
waitForInProgressScheduledPublish();
}
getMeters().forEach(this::closingRollover);
}
super.close();
}
private boolean shouldPublishDataForLastStep() {
if (lastMeterRolloverStartTime < 0)
return false;
final long lastPublishedStep = getLastScheduledPublishStartTime() / config.step().toMillis();
final long lastPolledStep = lastMeterRolloverStartTime / config.step().toMillis();
return lastPublishedStep < lastPolledStep;
}
// Either we do this or make StepMeter public
// and still call OtlpStepTimer and OtlpStepDistributionSummary separately.
private void closingRollover(Meter meter) {
if (meter instanceof StepCounter) {
((StepCounter) meter)._closingRollover();
}
else if (meter instanceof StepFunctionCounter) {
((StepFunctionCounter) meter)._closingRollover();
}
else if (meter instanceof StepFunctionTimer) {
((StepFunctionTimer) meter)._closingRollover();
}
else if (meter instanceof OtlpStepTimer) {
((OtlpStepTimer) meter)._closingRollover();
}
else if (meter instanceof OtlpStepDistributionSummary) {
((OtlpStepDistributionSummary) meter)._closingRollover();
}
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeMeter(Meter meter) {
// TODO support writing custom meters
// one gauge per measurement
return getMetricBuilder(meter.getId()).build();
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeGauge(Gauge gauge) {
return getMetricBuilder(gauge.getId())
.setGauge(io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.Gauge.newBuilder()
.addDataPoints(NumberDataPoint.newBuilder()
.setTimeUnixNano(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(clock.wallTime()))
.setAsDouble(gauge.value())
.addAllAttributes(getTagsForId(gauge.getId()))
.build()))
.build();
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeCounter(Counter counter) {
return writeSum(counter, counter::count);
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeFunctionCounter(FunctionCounter functionCounter) {
return writeSum(functionCounter, functionCounter::count);
}
private Metric writeSum(Meter meter, DoubleSupplier count) {
return getMetricBuilder(meter.getId())
.setSum(Sum.newBuilder()
.addDataPoints(NumberDataPoint.newBuilder()
.setStartTimeUnixNano(getStartTimeNanos(meter))
.setTimeUnixNano(getTimeUnixNano())
.setAsDouble(count.getAsDouble())
.addAllAttributes(getTagsForId(meter.getId()))
.build())
.setIsMonotonic(true)
.setAggregationTemporality(otlpAggregationTemporality)
.build())
.build();
}
/**
* This will poll the values from meters, which will cause a roll over for Step-meters
* if past the step boundary. This gives some control over when roll over happens
* separate from when publishing happens. This method is almost the same as the one in
* {@link StepMeterRegistry} it is subtly different from it in that this uses
* {@code takeSnapshot()} to roll over the timers/summaries as OtlpDeltaTimer is using
* a {@code StepValue} for maintaining distributions.
*/
// VisibleForTesting
void pollMetersToRollover() {
this.lastMeterRolloverStartTime = clock.wallTime();
this.getMeters()
.forEach(m -> m.match(gauge -> null, Counter::count, Timer::takeSnapshot, DistributionSummary::takeSnapshot,
meter -> null, meter -> null, FunctionCounter::count, FunctionTimer::count, meter -> null));
}
private long getInitialDelay() {
long stepMillis = config.step().toMillis();
// schedule one millisecond into the next step
return stepMillis - (clock.wallTime() % stepMillis) + 1;
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeHistogramSupport(HistogramSupport histogramSupport) {
Metric.Builder metricBuilder = getMetricBuilder(histogramSupport.getId());
boolean isTimeBased = histogramSupport instanceof Timer || histogramSupport instanceof LongTaskTimer;
HistogramSnapshot histogramSnapshot = histogramSupport.takeSnapshot();
Iterable tags = getTagsForId(histogramSupport.getId());
long startTimeNanos = getStartTimeNanos(histogramSupport);
double total = isTimeBased ? histogramSnapshot.total(getBaseTimeUnit()) : histogramSnapshot.total();
long count = histogramSnapshot.count();
// if percentiles configured, use summary
if (histogramSnapshot.percentileValues().length != 0) {
SummaryDataPoint.Builder summaryData = SummaryDataPoint.newBuilder()
.addAllAttributes(tags)
.setStartTimeUnixNano(startTimeNanos)
.setTimeUnixNano(getTimeUnixNano())
.setSum(total)
.setCount(count);
for (ValueAtPercentile percentile : histogramSnapshot.percentileValues()) {
double value = percentile.value();
summaryData.addQuantileValues(SummaryDataPoint.ValueAtQuantile.newBuilder()
.setQuantile(percentile.percentile())
.setValue(isTimeBased ? TimeUtils.convert(value, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, getBaseTimeUnit()) : value));
}
metricBuilder.setSummary(Summary.newBuilder().addDataPoints(summaryData));
return metricBuilder.build();
}
HistogramDataPoint.Builder histogramDataPoint = HistogramDataPoint.newBuilder()
.addAllAttributes(tags)
.setStartTimeUnixNano(startTimeNanos)
.setTimeUnixNano(getTimeUnixNano())
.setSum(total)
.setCount(count);
if (isDelta()) {
histogramDataPoint.setMax(isTimeBased ? histogramSnapshot.max(getBaseTimeUnit()) : histogramSnapshot.max());
}
// if histogram enabled, add histogram buckets
if (histogramSnapshot.histogramCounts().length != 0) {
for (CountAtBucket countAtBucket : histogramSnapshot.histogramCounts()) {
if (countAtBucket.bucket() != Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
// OTLP expects explicit bounds to not contain POSITIVE_INFINITY but
// there should be a
// bucket count representing values between last bucket and
// POSITIVE_INFINITY.
histogramDataPoint.addExplicitBounds(
isTimeBased ? countAtBucket.bucket(getBaseTimeUnit()) : countAtBucket.bucket());
}
histogramDataPoint.addBucketCounts((long) countAtBucket.count());
}
metricBuilder.setHistogram(io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.Histogram.newBuilder()
.setAggregationTemporality(otlpAggregationTemporality)
.addDataPoints(histogramDataPoint));
return metricBuilder.build();
}
return metricBuilder
.setHistogram(io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.Histogram.newBuilder()
.setAggregationTemporality(otlpAggregationTemporality)
.addDataPoints(histogramDataPoint))
.build();
}
// VisibleForTesting
Metric writeFunctionTimer(FunctionTimer functionTimer) {
return getMetricBuilder(functionTimer.getId())
.setHistogram(io.opentelemetry.proto.metrics.v1.Histogram.newBuilder()
.addDataPoints(HistogramDataPoint.newBuilder()
.addAllAttributes(getTagsForId(functionTimer.getId()))
.setStartTimeUnixNano(getStartTimeNanos((functionTimer)))
.setTimeUnixNano(getTimeUnixNano())
.setSum(functionTimer.totalTime(getBaseTimeUnit()))
.setCount((long) functionTimer.count()))
.setAggregationTemporality(otlpAggregationTemporality))
.build();
}
private boolean isCumulative() {
return this.otlpAggregationTemporality == AGGREGATION_TEMPORALITY_CUMULATIVE;
}
private boolean isDelta() {
return this.otlpAggregationTemporality == AGGREGATION_TEMPORALITY_DELTA;
}
// VisibleForTesting
void setDeltaAggregationTimeUnixNano() {
this.deltaAggregationTimeUnixNano = (clock.wallTime() / config.step().toMillis()) * config.step().toNanos();
}
private long getTimeUnixNano() {
return isCumulative() ? TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(this.clock.wallTime()) : deltaAggregationTimeUnixNano;
}
private long getStartTimeNanos(Meter meter) {
return isCumulative() ? ((StartTimeAwareMeter) meter).getStartTimeNanos()
: deltaAggregationTimeUnixNano - config.step().toNanos();
}
private Metric.Builder getMetricBuilder(Meter.Id id) {
Metric.Builder builder = Metric.newBuilder().setName(getConventionName(id));
if (id.getBaseUnit() != null) {
builder.setUnit(id.getBaseUnit());
}
if (id.getDescription() != null) {
builder.setDescription(id.getDescription());
}
return builder;
}
private Iterable getTagsForId(Meter.Id id) {
return id.getConventionTags(config().namingConvention())
.stream()
.map(tag -> createKeyValue(tag.getKey(), tag.getValue()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
// VisibleForTesting
static KeyValue createKeyValue(String key, String value) {
return KeyValue.newBuilder().setKey(key).setValue(AnyValue.newBuilder().setStringValue(value)).build();
}
// VisibleForTesting
Iterable getResourceAttributes() {
boolean serviceNameProvided = false;
List attributes = new ArrayList<>();
attributes.add(createKeyValue("telemetry.sdk.name", "io.micrometer"));
attributes.add(createKeyValue("telemetry.sdk.language", "java"));
String micrometerCoreVersion = MeterRegistry.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
if (micrometerCoreVersion != null) {
attributes.add(createKeyValue("telemetry.sdk.version", micrometerCoreVersion));
}
for (Map.Entry keyValue : this.config.resourceAttributes().entrySet()) {
if ("service.name".equals(keyValue.getKey())) {
serviceNameProvided = true;
}
attributes.add(createKeyValue(keyValue.getKey(), keyValue.getValue()));
}
if (!serviceNameProvided) {
attributes.add(createKeyValue("service.name", "unknown_service"));
}
return attributes;
}
static Histogram getHistogram(Clock clock, DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig,
AggregationTemporality aggregationTemporality) {
return getHistogram(clock, distributionStatisticConfig, aggregationTemporality, 0);
}
static Histogram getHistogram(Clock clock, DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig,
AggregationTemporality aggregationTemporality, long stepMillis) {
// While publishing to OTLP, we export either Histogram datapoint / Summary
// datapoint. So, we will make the histogram either of them and not both.
// Though AbstractTimer/Distribution Summary prefers publishing percentiles,
// exporting of histograms over percentiles is preferred in OTLP.
if (distributionStatisticConfig.isPublishingHistogram()) {
double[] sloWithPositiveInf = getSloWithPositiveInf(distributionStatisticConfig);
if (AggregationTemporality.isCumulative(aggregationTemporality)) {
return new TimeWindowFixedBoundaryHistogram(clock, DistributionStatisticConfig.builder()
// effectively never roll over
.expiry(Duration.ofDays(1825))
.serviceLevelObjectives(sloWithPositiveInf)
.percentiles()
.bufferLength(1)
.build()
.merge(distributionStatisticConfig), true, false);
}
if (AggregationTemporality.isDelta(aggregationTemporality) && stepMillis > 0) {
return new OtlpStepBucketHistogram(clock, stepMillis,
DistributionStatisticConfig.builder()
.serviceLevelObjectives(sloWithPositiveInf)
.build()
.merge(distributionStatisticConfig),
true, false);
}
}
if (distributionStatisticConfig.isPublishingPercentiles()) {
return new TimeWindowPercentileHistogram(clock, distributionStatisticConfig, false);
}
return NoopHistogram.INSTANCE;
}
// VisibleForTesting
static double[] getSloWithPositiveInf(DistributionStatisticConfig distributionStatisticConfig) {
double[] sloBoundaries = distributionStatisticConfig.getServiceLevelObjectiveBoundaries();
if (sloBoundaries == null || sloBoundaries.length == 0) {
// When there are no SLO's associated with DistributionStatisticConfig we will
// add one with Positive
// Infinity. This will make sure we always have POSITIVE_INFINITY, and the
// NavigableSet will make sure
// duplicates if any will be ignored.
return EMPTY_SLO_WITH_POSITIVE_INF;
}
boolean containsPositiveInf = Arrays.stream(sloBoundaries).anyMatch(value -> value == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
if (containsPositiveInf)
return sloBoundaries;
double[] sloWithPositiveInf = Arrays.copyOf(sloBoundaries, sloBoundaries.length + 1);
sloWithPositiveInf[sloWithPositiveInf.length - 1] = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
return sloWithPositiveInf;
}
}