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A simple but powerful web server framework
package io.muserver;
import io.muserver.handlers.ResourceType;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.ClientAuth;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.JdkSslContext;
import io.netty.handler.traffic.GlobalTrafficShapingHandler;
import io.netty.util.Attribute;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import static io.muserver.MuServerHandler.PROTO_ATTRIBUTE;
/**
* A builder for creating a web server.
* Use the withXXX() methods to set the ports, config, and request handlers needed.
*/
public class MuServerBuilder {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MuServerBuilder.class);
private static final int LENGTH_OF_METHOD_AND_PROTOCOL = 17; // e.g. "OPTIONS HTTP/1.1 "
private long minimumGzipSize = 1400;
private int httpPort = -1;
private int httpsPort = -1;
private int maxHeadersSize = 8192;
private int maxUrlSize = 8192 - LENGTH_OF_METHOD_AND_PROTOCOL;
private List asyncHandlers = new ArrayList<>();
private List handlers = new ArrayList<>();
private SSLContext sslContext;
private boolean gzipEnabled = true;
private Set mimeTypesToGzip = ResourceType.gzippableMimeTypes(ResourceType.getResourceTypes());
private boolean addShutdownHook = false;
private String host;
/**
* @param port The HTTP port to use. A value of 0 will have a random port assigned; a value of -1 will
* result in no HTTP connector.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withHttpPort(int port) {
this.httpPort = port;
return this;
}
/**
* Use this to specify which network interface to bind to.
* @param host The host to bind to, for example "127.0.0.1" to restrict connections from localhost
* only, or "0.0.0.0" to allow connections from the local network.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withInterface(String host) {
this.host = host;
return this;
}
/**
* @param stopServerOnShutdown If true, then a shutdown hook which stops this server will be added to the JVM Runtime
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder addShutdownHook(boolean stopServerOnShutdown) {
this.addShutdownHook = stopServerOnShutdown;
return this;
}
/**
* @param port The HTTP port to use. A value of 0 will have a random port assigned; a value of -1 will
* result in no HTTP connector.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
* @deprecated Use {@link #withHttpPort(int)} instead
*/
@Deprecated
public MuServerBuilder withHttpConnection(int port) {
return withHttpPort(port);
}
/**
* Enables gzip for certain resource types. The default is true. By default, the
* gzippable resource types are taken from {@link ResourceType#getResourceTypes()} where
* {@link ResourceType#gzip} is true.
* @see #withGzip(long, Set)
* @param enabled True to enable; false to disable
* @return The current Mu-Server builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withGzipEnabled(boolean enabled) {
this.gzipEnabled = enabled;
return this;
}
/**
* Enables gzip for files of at least the specified size that match the given mime-types.
* By default, gzip is enabled for text-based mime types over 1400 bytes. It is recommended
* to keep the defaults and only use this method if you have very specific requirements
* around GZIP.
* @param minimumGzipSize The size in bytes before gzip is used. The default is 1400.
* @param mimeTypesToGzip The mime-types that should be gzipped. In general, only text
* files should be gzipped.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withGzip(long minimumGzipSize, Set mimeTypesToGzip) {
this.gzipEnabled = true;
this.mimeTypesToGzip = mimeTypesToGzip;
this.minimumGzipSize = minimumGzipSize;
return this;
}
/**
* Turns off HTTP.
* @return The current builder.
* @deprecated It is off by default so this is not needed.
*/
@Deprecated
public MuServerBuilder withHttpDisabled() {
this.httpPort = -1;
return this;
}
/**
* @param port The port
* @param sslEngine The SSL Context
* @return The builder
* @deprecated use {@link #withHttpsPort(int)} and {@link #withHttpsConfig(SSLContext)} instead.
*/
@Deprecated
public MuServerBuilder withHttpsConnection(int port, SSLContext sslEngine) {
return withHttpsPort(port).withHttpsConfig(sslEngine);
}
/**
* Sets the HTTPS config. Defaults to {@link SSLContextBuilder#unsignedLocalhostCert()}
* @see SSLContextBuilder
* @param sslContext An SSL Context.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withHttpsConfig(SSLContext sslContext) {
this.sslContext = sslContext;
return this;
}
/**
* Sets the HTTPS config. Defaults to {@link SSLContextBuilder#unsignedLocalhostCert()}
* @see SSLContextBuilder
* @param sslContext An SSL Context builder.
* @return The current Mu-Server Builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withHttpsConfig(SSLContextBuilder sslContext) {
return withHttpsConfig(sslContext.build());
}
/**
* Sets the HTTPS port to use. To set the SSL certificate config, see {@link #withHttpsConfig(SSLContextBuilder)}
* @param port A value of 0 will result in a random port being assigned; a value of -1 will
* disable HTTPS.
* @return The current Mu-Server builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withHttpsPort(int port) {
this.httpsPort = port;
return this;
}
/**
* Specifies the maximum size in bytes of the HTTP request headers. Defaults to 8192.
* If a request has headers exceeding this value, it will be rejected and a 431
* status code will be returned. Large values increase the risk of Denial-of-Service attacks
* due to the extra memory allocated in each request.
* It is recommended to not specify a value unless you are finding legitimate requests are
* being rejected with 413 errors.
* @param size The maximum size in bytes that can be used for headers.
* @return The current Mu-Server builder.
*/
public MuServerBuilder withMaxHeadersSize(int size) {
this.maxHeadersSize = size;
return this;
}
/**
* The maximum length that a URL can be. If it exceeds this value, a 414 error is
* returned to the client. The default value is 8175.
* @param size The maximum number of characters allowed in URLs sent to this server.
* @return The current Mu-Server builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder withMaxUrlSize(int size) {
this.maxUrlSize = size;
return this;
}
/**
* xAdds a new Asynchronous handler. This is for cases where async handling of requests and
* responses is required; in other cases use {@link #addHandler(MuHandler)},
* {@link #addHandler(MuHandlerBuilder)} or {@link #addHandler(Method, String, RouteHandler)}.
* Note that async handlers are executed in the order added to the builder, but all async
* handlers are executed before synchronous handlers.
* @param handler An Async Handler
* @deprecated For async handling, add a normal {@link MuHandler} and call {@link MuRequest#handleAsync()}
* @return The current Mu-Server builder
*/
@Deprecated
public MuServerBuilder addAsyncHandler(AsyncMuHandler handler) {
asyncHandlers.add(handler);
return this;
}
/**
* Adds a request handler.
* Note that handlers are executed in the order added to the builder, but all async
* handlers are executed before synchronous handlers.
* @see #addHandler(Method, String, RouteHandler)
* @param handler A handler builder. The build() method will be called on this
* to create the handler.
* @return The current Mu-Server Handler.
*/
public MuServerBuilder addHandler(MuHandlerBuilder handler) {
return addHandler(handler.build());
}
/**
* Adds a request handler.
* Note that handlers are executed in the order added to the builder, but all async
* handlers are executed before synchronous handlers.
* @see #addHandler(Method, String, RouteHandler)
* @param handler The handler to add.
* @return The current Mu-Server Handler.
*/
public MuServerBuilder addHandler(MuHandler handler) {
handlers.add(handler);
return this;
}
/**
* Registers a new handler that will only be called if it matches the given route info
* @param method The method to match, or null to accept any method.
* @param uriTemplate A URL template. Supports plain URLs like /abc or paths
* with named parameters such as /abc/{id} or named parameters
* with regexes such as /abc/{id : [0-9]+} where the named
* parameter values can be accessed with the pathParams
* parameter in the route handler.
* @param handler The handler to invoke if the method and URI matches.
* @return Returns the server builder
*/
public MuServerBuilder addHandler(Method method, String uriTemplate, RouteHandler handler) {
return addHandler(Routes.route(method, uriTemplate, handler));
}
/**
* Creates and starts this server. An exception is thrown if it fails to start.
* @return The running server.
*/
public MuServer start() {
if (httpPort < 0 && httpsPort < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No ports were configured. Please call MuServerBuilder.withHttpPort(int) or MuServerBuilder.withHttpsPort(int)");
}
if (!handlers.isEmpty()) {
asyncHandlers.add(new SyncHandlerAdapter(handlers));
}
NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
List channels = new ArrayList<>();
Runnable shutdown = () -> {
try {
for (Channel channel : channels) {
channel.close().sync();
}
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(0, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).sync();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(0, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.info("Error while shutting down. Will ignore. Error was: " + e.getMessage());
}
};
try {
GlobalTrafficShapingHandler trafficShapingHandler = new GlobalTrafficShapingHandler(workerGroup, 0, 0, 1000);
MuStatsImpl stats = new MuStatsImpl(trafficShapingHandler.trafficCounter());
AtomicReference serverRef = new AtomicReference<>();
Channel httpChannel = httpPort < 0 ? null : createChannel(bossGroup, workerGroup, host, httpPort, null, trafficShapingHandler, stats, serverRef);
Channel httpsChannel;
if (httpsPort < 0) {
httpsChannel = null;
} else {
SSLContext sslContextToUse = this.sslContext != null ? this.sslContext : SSLContextBuilder.unsignedLocalhostCert();
httpsChannel = createChannel(bossGroup, workerGroup, host, httpsPort, sslContextToUse, trafficShapingHandler, stats, serverRef);
}
URI uri = null;
if (httpChannel != null) {
channels.add(httpChannel);
uri = getUriFromChannel(httpChannel, "http", host);
}
URI httpsUri = null;
if (httpsChannel != null) {
channels.add(httpsChannel);
httpsUri = getUriFromChannel(httpsChannel, "https", host);
}
InetSocketAddress serverAddress = (InetSocketAddress) channels.get(0).localAddress();
MuServer server = new MuServerImpl(uri, httpsUri, shutdown, stats, serverAddress);
serverRef.set(server);
if (addShutdownHook) {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(server::stop));
}
return server;
} catch (Exception ex) {
shutdown.run();
throw new MuException("Error while starting server", ex);
}
}
private static URI getUriFromChannel(Channel httpChannel, String protocol, String host) {
host = host == null ? "localhost" : host;
InetSocketAddress a = (InetSocketAddress) httpChannel.localAddress();
return URI.create(protocol + "://" + host.toLowerCase() + ":" + a.getPort());
}
private Channel createChannel(NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup, NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup, String host, int port, SSLContext rawSSLContext, GlobalTrafficShapingHandler trafficShapingHandler, MuStatsImpl stats, AtomicReference serverRef) throws InterruptedException {
boolean usesSsl = rawSSLContext != null;
JdkSslContext sslContext = usesSsl ? new JdkSslContext(rawSSLContext, false, ClientAuth.NONE) : null;
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
Attribute proto = socketChannel.attr(PROTO_ATTRIBUTE);
proto.set(usesSsl ? "https" : "http");
ChannelPipeline p = socketChannel.pipeline();
p.addLast(trafficShapingHandler);
if (usesSsl) {
p.addLast("ssl", sslContext.newHandler(socketChannel.alloc()));
}
p.addLast("decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder(maxUrlSize + LENGTH_OF_METHOD_AND_PROTOCOL, maxHeadersSize, 8192));
p.addLast("encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder() {
@Override
protected boolean isContentAlwaysEmpty(HttpResponse msg) {
return super.isContentAlwaysEmpty(msg) || msg instanceof NettyResponseAdaptor.EmptyHttpResponse;
}
});
if (gzipEnabled) {
p.addLast("compressor", new SelectiveHttpContentCompressor(minimumGzipSize, mimeTypesToGzip));
}
p.addLast("muhandler", new MuServerHandler(asyncHandlers, stats, serverRef));
}
});
ChannelFuture bound = host == null ? b.bind(port) : b.bind(host, port);
return bound.sync().channel();
}
/**
* Creates a new server builder. Call {@link #withHttpsPort(int)} or {@link #withHttpPort(int)} to specify
* the port to use, and call {@link #start()} to start the server.
* @return A new Mu-Server builder
*/
public static MuServerBuilder muServer() {
return new MuServerBuilder();
}
/**
* Creates a new server builder which will run as HTTP on a random port.
* @return A new Mu-Server builder with the HTTP port set to 0
*/
public static MuServerBuilder httpServer() {
return muServer().withHttpPort(0);
}
/**
* Creates a new server builder which will run as HTTPS on a random port.
* @return A new Mu-Server builder with the HTTPS port set to 0
*/
public static MuServerBuilder httpsServer() {
return muServer().withHttpsPort(0);
}
}