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/*
 * Copyright 2015 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package io.netty.channel.pool;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutor;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.FutureListener;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.Promise;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;

import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * {@link ChannelPool} implementation that takes another {@link ChannelPool} implementation and enforce a maximum
 * number of concurrent connections.
 */
public class FixedChannelPool extends SimpleChannelPool {

    public enum AcquireTimeoutAction {
        /**
         * Create a new connection when the timeout is detected.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Fail the {@link Future} of the acquire call with a {@link TimeoutException}.
         */
        FAIL
    }

    private final EventExecutor executor;
    private final long acquireTimeoutNanos;
    private final Runnable timeoutTask;

    // There is no need to worry about synchronization as everything that modified the queue or counts is done
    // by the above EventExecutor.
    private final Queue pendingAcquireQueue = new ArrayDeque();
    private final int maxConnections;
    private final int maxPendingAcquires;
    private final AtomicInteger acquiredChannelCount = new AtomicInteger();
    private int pendingAcquireCount;
    private boolean closed;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance using the {@link ChannelHealthChecker#ACTIVE}.
     *
     * @param bootstrap         the {@link Bootstrap} that is used for connections
     * @param handler           the {@link ChannelPoolHandler} that will be notified for the different pool actions
     * @param maxConnections    the number of maximal active connections, once this is reached new tries to acquire
     *                          a {@link Channel} will be delayed until a connection is returned to the pool again.
     */
    public FixedChannelPool(Bootstrap bootstrap,
                            ChannelPoolHandler handler, int maxConnections) {
        this(bootstrap, handler, maxConnections, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance using the {@link ChannelHealthChecker#ACTIVE}.
     *
     * @param bootstrap             the {@link Bootstrap} that is used for connections
     * @param handler               the {@link ChannelPoolHandler} that will be notified for the different pool actions
     * @param maxConnections        the number of maximal active connections, once this is reached new tries to
     *                              acquire a {@link Channel} will be delayed until a connection is returned to the
     *                              pool again.
     * @param maxPendingAcquires    the maximum number of pending acquires. Once this is exceed acquire tries will
     *                              be failed.
     */
    public FixedChannelPool(Bootstrap bootstrap,
                            ChannelPoolHandler handler, int maxConnections, int maxPendingAcquires) {
        this(bootstrap, handler, ChannelHealthChecker.ACTIVE, null, -1, maxConnections, maxPendingAcquires);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param bootstrap             the {@link Bootstrap} that is used for connections
     * @param handler               the {@link ChannelPoolHandler} that will be notified for the different pool actions
     * @param healthCheck           the {@link ChannelHealthChecker} that will be used to check if a {@link Channel} is
     *                              still healthy when obtain from the {@link ChannelPool}
     * @param action                the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} to use or {@code null} if non should be used.
     *                              In this case {@param acquireTimeoutMillis} must be {@code -1}.
     * @param acquireTimeoutMillis  the time (in milliseconds) after which an pending acquire must complete or
     *                              the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} takes place.
     * @param maxConnections        the number of maximal active connections, once this is reached new tries to
     *                              acquire a {@link Channel} will be delayed until a connection is returned to the
     *                              pool again.
     * @param maxPendingAcquires    the maximum number of pending acquires. Once this is exceed acquire tries will
     *                              be failed.
     */
    public FixedChannelPool(Bootstrap bootstrap,
                            ChannelPoolHandler handler,
                            ChannelHealthChecker healthCheck, AcquireTimeoutAction action,
                            final long acquireTimeoutMillis,
                            int maxConnections, int maxPendingAcquires) {
        this(bootstrap, handler, healthCheck, action, acquireTimeoutMillis, maxConnections, maxPendingAcquires, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param bootstrap             the {@link Bootstrap} that is used for connections
     * @param handler               the {@link ChannelPoolHandler} that will be notified for the different pool actions
     * @param healthCheck           the {@link ChannelHealthChecker} that will be used to check if a {@link Channel} is
     *                              still healthy when obtain from the {@link ChannelPool}
     * @param action                the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} to use or {@code null} if non should be used.
     *                              In this case {@param acquireTimeoutMillis} must be {@code -1}.
     * @param acquireTimeoutMillis  the time (in milliseconds) after which an pending acquire must complete or
     *                              the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} takes place.
     * @param maxConnections        the number of maximal active connections, once this is reached new tries to
     *                              acquire a {@link Channel} will be delayed until a connection is returned to the
     *                              pool again.
     * @param maxPendingAcquires    the maximum number of pending acquires. Once this is exceed acquire tries will
     *                              be failed.
     * @param releaseHealthCheck    will check channel health before offering back if this parameter set to
     *                              {@code true}.
     */
    public FixedChannelPool(Bootstrap bootstrap,
                            ChannelPoolHandler handler,
                            ChannelHealthChecker healthCheck, AcquireTimeoutAction action,
                            final long acquireTimeoutMillis,
                            int maxConnections, int maxPendingAcquires, final boolean releaseHealthCheck) {
        this(bootstrap, handler, healthCheck, action, acquireTimeoutMillis, maxConnections, maxPendingAcquires,
                releaseHealthCheck, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance.
     *
     * @param bootstrap             the {@link Bootstrap} that is used for connections
     * @param handler               the {@link ChannelPoolHandler} that will be notified for the different pool actions
     * @param healthCheck           the {@link ChannelHealthChecker} that will be used to check if a {@link Channel} is
     *                              still healthy when obtain from the {@link ChannelPool}
     * @param action                the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} to use or {@code null} if non should be used.
     *                              In this case {@param acquireTimeoutMillis} must be {@code -1}.
     * @param acquireTimeoutMillis  the time (in milliseconds) after which an pending acquire must complete or
     *                              the {@link AcquireTimeoutAction} takes place.
     * @param maxConnections        the number of maximal active connections, once this is reached new tries to
     *                              acquire a {@link Channel} will be delayed until a connection is returned to the
     *                              pool again.
     * @param maxPendingAcquires    the maximum number of pending acquires. Once this is exceed acquire tries will
     *                              be failed.
     * @param releaseHealthCheck    will check channel health before offering back if this parameter set to
     *                              {@code true}.
     * @param lastRecentUsed        {@code true} {@link Channel} selection will be LIFO, if {@code false} FIFO.
     */
    public FixedChannelPool(Bootstrap bootstrap,
                            ChannelPoolHandler handler,
                            ChannelHealthChecker healthCheck, AcquireTimeoutAction action,
                            final long acquireTimeoutMillis,
                            int maxConnections, int maxPendingAcquires,
                            boolean releaseHealthCheck, boolean lastRecentUsed) {
        super(bootstrap, handler, healthCheck, releaseHealthCheck, lastRecentUsed);
        if (maxConnections < 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxConnections: " + maxConnections + " (expected: >= 1)");
        }
        if (maxPendingAcquires < 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxPendingAcquires: " + maxPendingAcquires + " (expected: >= 1)");
        }
        if (action == null && acquireTimeoutMillis == -1) {
            timeoutTask = null;
            acquireTimeoutNanos = -1;
        } else if (action == null && acquireTimeoutMillis != -1) {
            throw new NullPointerException("action");
        } else if (action != null && acquireTimeoutMillis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("acquireTimeoutMillis: " + acquireTimeoutMillis + " (expected: >= 0)");
        } else {
            acquireTimeoutNanos = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(acquireTimeoutMillis);
            switch (action) {
            case FAIL:
                timeoutTask = new TimeoutTask() {
                    @Override
                    public void onTimeout(AcquireTask task) {
                        // Fail the promise as we timed out.
                        task.promise.setFailure(new TimeoutException(
                                "Acquire operation took longer then configured maximum time") {
                            @Override
                            public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
                                return this;
                            }
                        });
                    }
                };
                break;
            case NEW:
                timeoutTask = new TimeoutTask() {
                    @Override
                    public void onTimeout(AcquireTask task) {
                        // Increment the acquire count and delegate to super to actually acquire a Channel which will
                        // create a new connection.
                        task.acquired();

                        FixedChannelPool.super.acquire(task.promise);
                    }
                };
                break;
            default:
                throw new Error();
            }
        }
        executor = bootstrap.config().group().next();
        this.maxConnections = maxConnections;
        this.maxPendingAcquires = maxPendingAcquires;
    }

    /** Returns the number of acquired channels that this pool thinks it has. */
    public int acquiredChannelCount() {
        return acquiredChannelCount.get();
    }

    @Override
    public Future acquire(final Promise promise) {
        try {
            if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
                acquire0(promise);
            } else {
                executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        acquire0(promise);
                    }
                });
            }
        } catch (Throwable cause) {
            promise.setFailure(cause);
        }
        return promise;
    }

    private void acquire0(final Promise promise) {
        assert executor.inEventLoop();

        if (closed) {
            promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("FixedChannelPool was closed"));
            return;
        }
        if (acquiredChannelCount.get() < maxConnections) {
            assert acquiredChannelCount.get() >= 0;

            // We need to create a new promise as we need to ensure the AcquireListener runs in the correct
            // EventLoop
            Promise p = executor.newPromise();
            AcquireListener l = new AcquireListener(promise);
            l.acquired();
            p.addListener(l);
            super.acquire(p);
        } else {
            if (pendingAcquireCount >= maxPendingAcquires) {
                tooManyOutstanding(promise);
            } else {
                AcquireTask task = new AcquireTask(promise);
                if (pendingAcquireQueue.offer(task)) {
                    ++pendingAcquireCount;

                    if (timeoutTask != null) {
                        task.timeoutFuture = executor.schedule(timeoutTask, acquireTimeoutNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                    }
                } else {
                    tooManyOutstanding(promise);
                }
            }

            assert pendingAcquireCount > 0;
        }
    }

    private void tooManyOutstanding(Promise promise) {
        promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("Too many outstanding acquire operations"));
    }

    @Override
    public Future release(final Channel channel, final Promise promise) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
        final Promise p = executor.newPromise();
        super.release(channel, p.addListener(new FutureListener() {

            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
                assert executor.inEventLoop();

                if (closed) {
                    // Since the pool is closed, we have no choice but to close the channel
                    channel.close();
                    promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("FixedChannelPool was closed"));
                    return;
                }

                if (future.isSuccess()) {
                    decrementAndRunTaskQueue();
                    promise.setSuccess(null);
                } else {
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    // Check if the exception was not because of we passed the Channel to the wrong pool.
                    if (!(cause instanceof IllegalArgumentException)) {
                        decrementAndRunTaskQueue();
                    }
                    promise.setFailure(future.cause());
                }
            }
        }));
        return promise;
    }

    private void decrementAndRunTaskQueue() {
        // We should never have a negative value.
        int currentCount = acquiredChannelCount.decrementAndGet();
        assert currentCount >= 0;

        // Run the pending acquire tasks before notify the original promise so if the user would
        // try to acquire again from the ChannelFutureListener and the pendingAcquireCount is >=
        // maxPendingAcquires we may be able to run some pending tasks first and so allow to add
        // more.
        runTaskQueue();
    }

    private void runTaskQueue() {
        while (acquiredChannelCount.get() < maxConnections) {
            AcquireTask task = pendingAcquireQueue.poll();
            if (task == null) {
                break;
            }

            // Cancel the timeout if one was scheduled
            ScheduledFuture timeoutFuture = task.timeoutFuture;
            if (timeoutFuture != null) {
                timeoutFuture.cancel(false);
            }

            --pendingAcquireCount;
            task.acquired();

            super.acquire(task.promise);
        }

        // We should never have a negative value.
        assert pendingAcquireCount >= 0;
        assert acquiredChannelCount.get() >= 0;
    }

    // AcquireTask extends AcquireListener to reduce object creations and so GC pressure
    private final class AcquireTask extends AcquireListener {
        final Promise promise;
        final long expireNanoTime = System.nanoTime() + acquireTimeoutNanos;
        ScheduledFuture timeoutFuture;

        AcquireTask(Promise promise) {
            super(promise);
            // We need to create a new promise as we need to ensure the AcquireListener runs in the correct
            // EventLoop.
            this.promise = executor.newPromise().addListener(this);
        }
    }

    private abstract class TimeoutTask implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public final void run() {
            assert executor.inEventLoop();
            long nanoTime = System.nanoTime();
            for (;;) {
                AcquireTask task = pendingAcquireQueue.peek();
                // Compare nanoTime as descripted in the javadocs of System.nanoTime()
                //
                // See https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/System.html#nanoTime()
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3705
                if (task == null || nanoTime - task.expireNanoTime < 0) {
                    break;
                }
                pendingAcquireQueue.remove();

                --pendingAcquireCount;
                onTimeout(task);
            }
        }

        public abstract void onTimeout(AcquireTask task);
    }

    private class AcquireListener implements FutureListener {
        private final Promise originalPromise;
        protected boolean acquired;

        AcquireListener(Promise originalPromise) {
            this.originalPromise = originalPromise;
        }

        @Override
        public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
            assert executor.inEventLoop();

            if (closed) {
                if (future.isSuccess()) {
                    // Since the pool is closed, we have no choice but to close the channel
                    future.getNow().close();
                }
                originalPromise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("FixedChannelPool was closed"));
                return;
            }

            if (future.isSuccess()) {
                originalPromise.setSuccess(future.getNow());
            } else {
                if (acquired) {
                    decrementAndRunTaskQueue();
                } else {
                    runTaskQueue();
                }

                originalPromise.setFailure(future.cause());
            }
        }

        public void acquired() {
            if (acquired) {
                return;
            }
            acquiredChannelCount.incrementAndGet();
            acquired = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        try {
            closeAsync().await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes the pool in an async manner.
     *
     * @return Future which represents completion of the close task
     */
    @Override
    public Future closeAsync() {
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            return close0();
        } else {
            final Promise closeComplete = executor.newPromise();
            executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    close0().addListener(new FutureListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void operationComplete(Future f) throws Exception {
                            if (f.isSuccess()) {
                                closeComplete.setSuccess(null);
                            } else {
                                closeComplete.setFailure(f.cause());
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            });
            return closeComplete;
        }
    }

    private Future close0() {
        assert executor.inEventLoop();

        if (!closed) {
            closed = true;
            for (;;) {
                AcquireTask task = pendingAcquireQueue.poll();
                if (task == null) {
                    break;
                }
                ScheduledFuture f = task.timeoutFuture;
                if (f != null) {
                    f.cancel(false);
                }
                task.promise.setFailure(new ClosedChannelException());
            }
            acquiredChannelCount.set(0);
            pendingAcquireCount = 0;

            // Ensure we dispatch this on another Thread as close0 will be called from the EventExecutor and we need
            // to ensure we will not block in a EventExecutor.
            return GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE.submit(new Callable() {
                @Override
                public Void call() throws Exception {
                    FixedChannelPool.super.close();
                    return null;
                }
            });
        }

        return GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE.newSucceededFuture(null);
    }
}




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