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/*
* Copyright 2012 The Netty Project
*
* The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
* version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package io.netty.buffer;
import io.netty.util.internal.LongCounter;
import io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;
import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import static io.netty.buffer.PoolChunk.isSubpage;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
abstract class PoolArena implements PoolArenaMetric {
private static final boolean HAS_UNSAFE = PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe();
enum SizeClass {
Small,
Normal
}
final PooledByteBufAllocator parent;
final PoolSubpage[] smallSubpagePools;
private final PoolChunkList q050;
private final PoolChunkList q025;
private final PoolChunkList q000;
private final PoolChunkList qInit;
private final PoolChunkList q075;
private final PoolChunkList q100;
private final List chunkListMetrics;
// Metrics for allocations and deallocations
private long allocationsNormal;
// We need to use the LongCounter here as this is not guarded via synchronized block.
private final LongCounter allocationsSmall = PlatformDependent.newLongCounter();
private final LongCounter allocationsHuge = PlatformDependent.newLongCounter();
private final LongCounter activeBytesHuge = PlatformDependent.newLongCounter();
private long deallocationsSmall;
private long deallocationsNormal;
private long pooledChunkAllocations;
private long pooledChunkDeallocations;
// We need to use the LongCounter here as this is not guarded via synchronized block.
private final LongCounter deallocationsHuge = PlatformDependent.newLongCounter();
// Number of thread caches backed by this arena.
final AtomicInteger numThreadCaches = new AtomicInteger();
// TODO: Test if adding padding helps under contention
//private long pad0, pad1, pad2, pad3, pad4, pad5, pad6, pad7;
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
final SizeClasses sizeClass;
protected PoolArena(PooledByteBufAllocator parent, SizeClasses sizeClass) {
assert null != sizeClass;
this.parent = parent;
this.sizeClass = sizeClass;
smallSubpagePools = newSubpagePoolArray(sizeClass.nSubpages);
for (int i = 0; i < smallSubpagePools.length; i ++) {
smallSubpagePools[i] = newSubpagePoolHead(i);
}
q100 = new PoolChunkList(this, null, 100, Integer.MAX_VALUE, sizeClass.chunkSize);
q075 = new PoolChunkList(this, q100, 75, 100, sizeClass.chunkSize);
q050 = new PoolChunkList(this, q100, 50, 100, sizeClass.chunkSize);
q025 = new PoolChunkList(this, q050, 25, 75, sizeClass.chunkSize);
q000 = new PoolChunkList(this, q025, 1, 50, sizeClass.chunkSize);
qInit = new PoolChunkList(this, q000, Integer.MIN_VALUE, 25, sizeClass.chunkSize);
q100.prevList(q075);
q075.prevList(q050);
q050.prevList(q025);
q025.prevList(q000);
q000.prevList(null);
qInit.prevList(qInit);
List metrics = new ArrayList(6);
metrics.add(qInit);
metrics.add(q000);
metrics.add(q025);
metrics.add(q050);
metrics.add(q075);
metrics.add(q100);
chunkListMetrics = Collections.unmodifiableList(metrics);
}
private PoolSubpage newSubpagePoolHead(int index) {
PoolSubpage head = new PoolSubpage(index);
head.prev = head;
head.next = head;
return head;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private PoolSubpage[] newSubpagePoolArray(int size) {
return new PoolSubpage[size];
}
abstract boolean isDirect();
PooledByteBuf allocate(PoolThreadCache cache, int reqCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
PooledByteBuf buf = newByteBuf(maxCapacity);
allocate(cache, buf, reqCapacity);
return buf;
}
private void allocate(PoolThreadCache cache, PooledByteBuf buf, final int reqCapacity) {
final int sizeIdx = sizeClass.size2SizeIdx(reqCapacity);
if (sizeIdx <= sizeClass.smallMaxSizeIdx) {
tcacheAllocateSmall(cache, buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx);
} else if (sizeIdx < sizeClass.nSizes) {
tcacheAllocateNormal(cache, buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx);
} else {
int normCapacity = sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment > 0
? sizeClass.normalizeSize(reqCapacity) : reqCapacity;
// Huge allocations are never served via the cache so just call allocateHuge
allocateHuge(buf, normCapacity);
}
}
private void tcacheAllocateSmall(PoolThreadCache cache, PooledByteBuf buf, final int reqCapacity,
final int sizeIdx) {
if (cache.allocateSmall(this, buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx)) {
// was able to allocate out of the cache so move on
return;
}
/*
* Synchronize on the head. This is needed as {@link PoolChunk#allocateSubpage(int)} and
* {@link PoolChunk#free(long)} may modify the doubly linked list as well.
*/
final PoolSubpage head = smallSubpagePools[sizeIdx];
final boolean needsNormalAllocation;
head.lock();
try {
final PoolSubpage s = head.next;
needsNormalAllocation = s == head;
if (!needsNormalAllocation) {
assert s.doNotDestroy && s.elemSize == sizeClass.sizeIdx2size(sizeIdx) : "doNotDestroy=" +
s.doNotDestroy + ", elemSize=" + s.elemSize + ", sizeIdx=" + sizeIdx;
long handle = s.allocate();
assert handle >= 0;
s.chunk.initBufWithSubpage(buf, null, handle, reqCapacity, cache);
}
} finally {
head.unlock();
}
if (needsNormalAllocation) {
lock();
try {
allocateNormal(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, cache);
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
incSmallAllocation();
}
private void tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolThreadCache cache, PooledByteBuf buf, final int reqCapacity,
final int sizeIdx) {
if (cache.allocateNormal(this, buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx)) {
// was able to allocate out of the cache so move on
return;
}
lock();
try {
allocateNormal(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, cache);
++allocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
private void allocateNormal(PooledByteBuf buf, int reqCapacity, int sizeIdx, PoolThreadCache threadCache) {
assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
if (q050.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache) ||
q025.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache) ||
q000.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache) ||
qInit.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache) ||
q075.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache)) {
return;
}
// Add a new chunk.
PoolChunk c = newChunk(sizeClass.pageSize, sizeClass.nPSizes, sizeClass.pageShifts, sizeClass.chunkSize);
boolean success = c.allocate(buf, reqCapacity, sizeIdx, threadCache);
assert success;
qInit.add(c);
++pooledChunkAllocations;
}
private void incSmallAllocation() {
allocationsSmall.increment();
}
private void allocateHuge(PooledByteBuf buf, int reqCapacity) {
PoolChunk chunk = newUnpooledChunk(reqCapacity);
activeBytesHuge.add(chunk.chunkSize());
buf.initUnpooled(chunk, reqCapacity);
allocationsHuge.increment();
}
void free(PoolChunk chunk, ByteBuffer nioBuffer, long handle, int normCapacity, PoolThreadCache cache) {
chunk.decrementPinnedMemory(normCapacity);
if (chunk.unpooled) {
int size = chunk.chunkSize();
destroyChunk(chunk);
activeBytesHuge.add(-size);
deallocationsHuge.increment();
} else {
SizeClass sizeClass = sizeClass(handle);
if (cache != null && cache.add(this, chunk, nioBuffer, handle, normCapacity, sizeClass)) {
// cached so not free it.
return;
}
freeChunk(chunk, handle, normCapacity, sizeClass, nioBuffer, false);
}
}
private static SizeClass sizeClass(long handle) {
return isSubpage(handle) ? SizeClass.Small : SizeClass.Normal;
}
void freeChunk(PoolChunk chunk, long handle, int normCapacity, SizeClass sizeClass, ByteBuffer nioBuffer,
boolean finalizer) {
final boolean destroyChunk;
lock();
try {
// We only call this if freeChunk is not called because of the PoolThreadCache finalizer as otherwise this
// may fail due lazy class-loading in for example tomcat.
if (!finalizer) {
switch (sizeClass) {
case Normal:
++deallocationsNormal;
break;
case Small:
++deallocationsSmall;
break;
default:
throw new Error();
}
}
destroyChunk = !chunk.parent.free(chunk, handle, normCapacity, nioBuffer);
if (destroyChunk) {
// all other destroyChunk calls come from the arena itself being finalized, so don't need to be counted
++pooledChunkDeallocations;
}
} finally {
unlock();
}
if (destroyChunk) {
// destroyChunk not need to be called while holding the synchronized lock.
destroyChunk(chunk);
}
}
void reallocate(PooledByteBuf buf, int newCapacity) {
assert newCapacity >= 0 && newCapacity <= buf.maxCapacity();
final int oldCapacity;
final PoolChunk oldChunk;
final ByteBuffer oldNioBuffer;
final long oldHandle;
final T oldMemory;
final int oldOffset;
final int oldMaxLength;
final PoolThreadCache oldCache;
// We synchronize on the ByteBuf itself to ensure there is no "concurrent" reallocations for the same buffer.
// We do this to ensure the ByteBuf internal fields that are used to allocate / free are not accessed
// concurrently. This is important as otherwise we might end up corrupting our internal state of our data
// structures.
//
// Also note we don't use a Lock here but just synchronized even tho this might seem like a bad choice for Loom.
// This is done to minimize the overhead per ByteBuf. The time this would block another thread should be
// relative small and so not be a problem for Loom.
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/13467
synchronized (buf) {
oldCapacity = buf.length;
if (oldCapacity == newCapacity) {
return;
}
oldChunk = buf.chunk;
oldNioBuffer = buf.tmpNioBuf;
oldHandle = buf.handle;
oldMemory = buf.memory;
oldOffset = buf.offset;
oldMaxLength = buf.maxLength;
oldCache = buf.cache;
// This does not touch buf's reader/writer indices
allocate(parent.threadCache(), buf, newCapacity);
}
int bytesToCopy;
if (newCapacity > oldCapacity) {
bytesToCopy = oldCapacity;
} else {
buf.trimIndicesToCapacity(newCapacity);
bytesToCopy = newCapacity;
}
memoryCopy(oldMemory, oldOffset, buf, bytesToCopy);
free(oldChunk, oldNioBuffer, oldHandle, oldMaxLength, oldCache);
}
@Override
public int numThreadCaches() {
return numThreadCaches.get();
}
@Override
public int numTinySubpages() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public int numSmallSubpages() {
return smallSubpagePools.length;
}
@Override
public int numChunkLists() {
return chunkListMetrics.size();
}
@Override
public List tinySubpages() {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
@Override
public List smallSubpages() {
return subPageMetricList(smallSubpagePools);
}
@Override
public List chunkLists() {
return chunkListMetrics;
}
private static List subPageMetricList(PoolSubpage[] pages) {
List metrics = new ArrayList();
for (PoolSubpage head : pages) {
if (head.next == head) {
continue;
}
PoolSubpage s = head.next;
for (;;) {
metrics.add(s);
s = s.next;
if (s == head) {
break;
}
}
}
return metrics;
}
@Override
public long numAllocations() {
final long allocsNormal;
lock();
try {
allocsNormal = allocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
return allocationsSmall.value() + allocsNormal + allocationsHuge.value();
}
@Override
public long numTinyAllocations() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public long numSmallAllocations() {
return allocationsSmall.value();
}
@Override
public long numNormalAllocations() {
lock();
try {
return allocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long numChunkAllocations() {
lock();
try {
return pooledChunkAllocations;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long numDeallocations() {
final long deallocs;
lock();
try {
deallocs = deallocationsSmall + deallocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
return deallocs + deallocationsHuge.value();
}
@Override
public long numTinyDeallocations() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public long numSmallDeallocations() {
lock();
try {
return deallocationsSmall;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long numNormalDeallocations() {
lock();
try {
return deallocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long numChunkDeallocations() {
lock();
try {
return pooledChunkDeallocations;
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long numHugeAllocations() {
return allocationsHuge.value();
}
@Override
public long numHugeDeallocations() {
return deallocationsHuge.value();
}
@Override
public long numActiveAllocations() {
long val = allocationsSmall.value() + allocationsHuge.value()
- deallocationsHuge.value();
lock();
try {
val += allocationsNormal - (deallocationsSmall + deallocationsNormal);
} finally {
unlock();
}
return max(val, 0);
}
@Override
public long numActiveTinyAllocations() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public long numActiveSmallAllocations() {
return max(numSmallAllocations() - numSmallDeallocations(), 0);
}
@Override
public long numActiveNormalAllocations() {
final long val;
lock();
try {
val = allocationsNormal - deallocationsNormal;
} finally {
unlock();
}
return max(val, 0);
}
@Override
public long numActiveChunks() {
final long val;
lock();
try {
val = pooledChunkAllocations - pooledChunkDeallocations;
} finally {
unlock();
}
return max(val, 0);
}
@Override
public long numActiveHugeAllocations() {
return max(numHugeAllocations() - numHugeDeallocations(), 0);
}
@Override
public long numActiveBytes() {
long val = activeBytesHuge.value();
lock();
try {
for (int i = 0; i < chunkListMetrics.size(); i++) {
for (PoolChunkMetric m: chunkListMetrics.get(i)) {
val += m.chunkSize();
}
}
} finally {
unlock();
}
return max(0, val);
}
/**
* Return an estimate of the number of bytes that are currently pinned to buffer instances, by the arena. The
* pinned memory is not accessible for use by any other allocation, until the buffers using have all been released.
*/
public long numPinnedBytes() {
long val = activeBytesHuge.value(); // Huge chunks are exact-sized for the buffers they were allocated to.
for (int i = 0; i < chunkListMetrics.size(); i++) {
for (PoolChunkMetric m: chunkListMetrics.get(i)) {
val += ((PoolChunk) m).pinnedBytes();
}
}
return max(0, val);
}
protected abstract PoolChunk newChunk(int pageSize, int maxPageIdx, int pageShifts, int chunkSize);
protected abstract PoolChunk newUnpooledChunk(int capacity);
protected abstract PooledByteBuf newByteBuf(int maxCapacity);
protected abstract void memoryCopy(T src, int srcOffset, PooledByteBuf dst, int length);
protected abstract void destroyChunk(PoolChunk chunk);
@Override
public String toString() {
lock();
try {
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder()
.append("Chunk(s) at 0~25%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(qInit)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("Chunk(s) at 0~50%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(q000)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("Chunk(s) at 25~75%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(q025)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("Chunk(s) at 50~100%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(q050)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("Chunk(s) at 75~100%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(q075)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("Chunk(s) at 100%:")
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(q100)
.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append("small subpages:");
appendPoolSubPages(buf, smallSubpagePools);
buf.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE);
return buf.toString();
} finally {
unlock();
}
}
private static void appendPoolSubPages(StringBuilder buf, PoolSubpage[] subpages) {
for (int i = 0; i < subpages.length; i ++) {
PoolSubpage head = subpages[i];
if (head.next == head || head.next == null) {
continue;
}
buf.append(StringUtil.NEWLINE)
.append(i)
.append(": ");
PoolSubpage s = head.next;
while (s != null) {
buf.append(s);
s = s.next;
if (s == head) {
break;
}
}
}
}
@Override
protected final void finalize() throws Throwable {
try {
super.finalize();
} finally {
destroyPoolSubPages(smallSubpagePools);
destroyPoolChunkLists(qInit, q000, q025, q050, q075, q100);
}
}
private static void destroyPoolSubPages(PoolSubpage[] pages) {
for (PoolSubpage page : pages) {
page.destroy();
}
}
private void destroyPoolChunkLists(PoolChunkList... chunkLists) {
for (PoolChunkList chunkList: chunkLists) {
chunkList.destroy(this);
}
}
static final class HeapArena extends PoolArena {
private final AtomicReference> lastDestroyedChunk;
HeapArena(PooledByteBufAllocator parent, SizeClasses sizeClass) {
super(parent, sizeClass);
lastDestroyedChunk = new AtomicReference<>();
}
private static byte[] newByteArray(int size) {
return PlatformDependent.allocateUninitializedArray(size);
}
@Override
boolean isDirect() {
return false;
}
@Override
protected PoolChunk newChunk(int pageSize, int maxPageIdx, int pageShifts, int chunkSize) {
PoolChunk chunk = lastDestroyedChunk.getAndSet(null);
if (chunk != null) {
assert chunk.chunkSize == chunkSize &&
chunk.pageSize == pageSize &&
chunk.maxPageIdx == maxPageIdx &&
chunk.pageShifts == pageShifts;
return chunk; // The parameters are always the same, so it's fine to reuse a previously allocated chunk.
}
return new PoolChunk(
this, null, newByteArray(chunkSize), pageSize, pageShifts, chunkSize, maxPageIdx);
}
@Override
protected PoolChunk newUnpooledChunk(int capacity) {
return new PoolChunk(this, null, newByteArray(capacity), capacity);
}
@Override
protected void destroyChunk(PoolChunk chunk) {
// Rely on GC. But keep one chunk for reuse.
if (!chunk.unpooled && lastDestroyedChunk.get() == null) {
lastDestroyedChunk.set(chunk); // The check-and-set does not need to be atomic.
}
}
@Override
protected PooledByteBuf newByteBuf(int maxCapacity) {
return HAS_UNSAFE ? PooledUnsafeHeapByteBuf.newUnsafeInstance(maxCapacity)
: PooledHeapByteBuf.newInstance(maxCapacity);
}
@Override
protected void memoryCopy(byte[] src, int srcOffset, PooledByteBuf dst, int length) {
if (length == 0) {
return;
}
System.arraycopy(src, srcOffset, dst.memory, dst.offset, length);
}
}
static final class DirectArena extends PoolArena {
DirectArena(PooledByteBufAllocator parent, SizeClasses sizeClass) {
super(parent, sizeClass);
}
@Override
boolean isDirect() {
return true;
}
@Override
protected PoolChunk newChunk(int pageSize, int maxPageIdx, int pageShifts, int chunkSize) {
if (sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment == 0) {
ByteBuffer memory = allocateDirect(chunkSize);
return new PoolChunk(this, memory, memory, pageSize, pageShifts,
chunkSize, maxPageIdx);
}
final ByteBuffer base = allocateDirect(chunkSize + sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment);
final ByteBuffer memory = PlatformDependent.alignDirectBuffer(base, sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment);
return new PoolChunk(this, base, memory, pageSize,
pageShifts, chunkSize, maxPageIdx);
}
@Override
protected PoolChunk newUnpooledChunk(int capacity) {
if (sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment == 0) {
ByteBuffer memory = allocateDirect(capacity);
return new PoolChunk(this, memory, memory, capacity);
}
final ByteBuffer base = allocateDirect(capacity + sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment);
final ByteBuffer memory = PlatformDependent.alignDirectBuffer(base, sizeClass.directMemoryCacheAlignment);
return new PoolChunk(this, base, memory, capacity);
}
private static ByteBuffer allocateDirect(int capacity) {
return PlatformDependent.useDirectBufferNoCleaner() ?
PlatformDependent.allocateDirectNoCleaner(capacity) : ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(capacity);
}
@Override
protected void destroyChunk(PoolChunk chunk) {
if (PlatformDependent.useDirectBufferNoCleaner()) {
PlatformDependent.freeDirectNoCleaner((ByteBuffer) chunk.base);
} else {
PlatformDependent.freeDirectBuffer((ByteBuffer) chunk.base);
}
}
@Override
protected PooledByteBuf newByteBuf(int maxCapacity) {
if (HAS_UNSAFE) {
return PooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.newInstance(maxCapacity);
} else {
return PooledDirectByteBuf.newInstance(maxCapacity);
}
}
@Override
protected void memoryCopy(ByteBuffer src, int srcOffset, PooledByteBuf dstBuf, int length) {
if (length == 0) {
return;
}
if (HAS_UNSAFE) {
PlatformDependent.copyMemory(
PlatformDependent.directBufferAddress(src) + srcOffset,
PlatformDependent.directBufferAddress(dstBuf.memory) + dstBuf.offset, length);
} else {
// We must duplicate the NIO buffers because they may be accessed by other Netty buffers.
src = src.duplicate();
ByteBuffer dst = dstBuf.internalNioBuffer();
src.position(srcOffset).limit(srcOffset + length);
dst.position(dstBuf.offset);
dst.put(src);
}
}
}
void lock() {
lock.lock();
}
void unlock() {
lock.unlock();
}
@Override
public int sizeIdx2size(int sizeIdx) {
return sizeClass.sizeIdx2size(sizeIdx);
}
@Override
public int sizeIdx2sizeCompute(int sizeIdx) {
return sizeClass.sizeIdx2sizeCompute(sizeIdx);
}
@Override
public long pageIdx2size(int pageIdx) {
return sizeClass.pageIdx2size(pageIdx);
}
@Override
public long pageIdx2sizeCompute(int pageIdx) {
return sizeClass.pageIdx2sizeCompute(pageIdx);
}
@Override
public int size2SizeIdx(int size) {
return sizeClass.size2SizeIdx(size);
}
@Override
public int pages2pageIdx(int pages) {
return sizeClass.pages2pageIdx(pages);
}
@Override
public int pages2pageIdxFloor(int pages) {
return sizeClass.pages2pageIdxFloor(pages);
}
@Override
public int normalizeSize(int size) {
return sizeClass.normalizeSize(size);
}
}
