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The Netty project is an effort to provide an asynchronous event-driven network application framework and tools for rapid development of maintainable high performance and high scalability protocol servers and clients. In other words, Netty is a NIO client server framework which enables quick and easy development of network applications such as protocol servers and clients. It greatly simplifies and streamlines network programming such as TCP and UDP socket server.

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/*
 * Copyright 2012 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.jboss.netty.buffer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.GatheringByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ScatteringByteChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;


/**
 * A skeletal implementation of a buffer.
 */
public abstract class AbstractChannelBuffer implements ChannelBuffer {

    private int readerIndex;
    private int writerIndex;
    private int markedReaderIndex;
    private int markedWriterIndex;

    public int readerIndex() {
        return readerIndex;
    }

    public void readerIndex(int readerIndex) {
        if (readerIndex < 0 || readerIndex > writerIndex) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        this.readerIndex = readerIndex;
    }

    public int writerIndex() {
        return writerIndex;
    }

    public void writerIndex(int writerIndex) {
        if (writerIndex < readerIndex || writerIndex > capacity()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid readerIndex: "
                    + readerIndex + " - Maximum is " + writerIndex);
        }
        this.writerIndex = writerIndex;
    }

    public void setIndex(int readerIndex, int writerIndex) {
        if (readerIndex < 0 || readerIndex > writerIndex || writerIndex > capacity()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Invalid writerIndex: "
                    + writerIndex + " - Maximum is " + readerIndex + " or " + capacity());
        }
        this.readerIndex = readerIndex;
        this.writerIndex = writerIndex;
    }

    public void clear() {
        readerIndex = writerIndex = 0;
    }

    public boolean readable() {
        return readableBytes() > 0;
    }

    public boolean writable() {
        return writableBytes() > 0;
    }

    public int readableBytes() {
        return writerIndex - readerIndex;
    }

    public int writableBytes() {
        return capacity() - writerIndex;
    }

    public void markReaderIndex() {
        markedReaderIndex = readerIndex;
    }

    public void resetReaderIndex() {
        readerIndex(markedReaderIndex);
    }

    public void markWriterIndex() {
        markedWriterIndex = writerIndex;
    }

    public void resetWriterIndex() {
        writerIndex = markedWriterIndex;
    }

    public void discardReadBytes() {
        if (readerIndex == 0) {
            return;
        }
        setBytes(0, this, readerIndex, writerIndex - readerIndex);
        writerIndex -= readerIndex;
        markedReaderIndex = Math.max(markedReaderIndex - readerIndex, 0);
        markedWriterIndex = Math.max(markedWriterIndex - readerIndex, 0);
        readerIndex = 0;
    }

    public void ensureWritableBytes(int writableBytes) {
        if (writableBytes > writableBytes()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Writable bytes exceeded: Got "
                    + writableBytes + ", maximum is " + writableBytes());
        }
    }

    public short getUnsignedByte(int index) {
        return (short) (getByte(index) & 0xFF);
    }

    public int getUnsignedShort(int index) {
        return getShort(index) & 0xFFFF;
    }

    public int getMedium(int index) {
        int value = getUnsignedMedium(index);
        if ((value & 0x800000) != 0) {
            value |= 0xff000000;
        }
        return value;
    }

    public long getUnsignedInt(int index) {
        return getInt(index) & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
    }

    public char getChar(int index) {
        return (char) getShort(index);
    }

    public float getFloat(int index) {
        return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(index));
    }

    public double getDouble(int index) {
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(getLong(index));
    }

    public void getBytes(int index, byte[] dst) {
        getBytes(index, dst, 0, dst.length);
    }

    public void getBytes(int index, ChannelBuffer dst) {
        getBytes(index, dst, dst.writableBytes());
    }

    public void getBytes(int index, ChannelBuffer dst, int length) {
        if (length > dst.writableBytes()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Too many bytes to be read: Need "
                    + length + ", maximum is " + dst.writableBytes());
        }
        getBytes(index, dst, dst.writerIndex(), length);
        dst.writerIndex(dst.writerIndex() + length);
    }

    public void setChar(int index, int value) {
        setShort(index, value);
    }

    public void setFloat(int index, float value) {
        setInt(index, Float.floatToRawIntBits(value));
    }

    public void setDouble(int index, double value) {
        setLong(index, Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value));
    }

    public void setBytes(int index, byte[] src) {
        setBytes(index, src, 0, src.length);
    }

    public void setBytes(int index, ChannelBuffer src) {
        setBytes(index, src, src.readableBytes());
    }

    public void setBytes(int index, ChannelBuffer src, int length) {
        if (length > src.readableBytes()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Too many bytes to write: Need "
                    + length + ", maximum is " + src.readableBytes());
        }
        setBytes(index, src, src.readerIndex(), length);
        src.readerIndex(src.readerIndex() + length);
    }

    public void setZero(int index, int length) {
        if (length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "length must be 0 or greater than 0.");
        }

        int nLong = length >>> 3;
        int nBytes = length & 7;
        for (int i = nLong; i > 0; i --) {
            setLong(index, 0);
            index += 8;
        }
        if (nBytes == 4) {
            setInt(index, 0);
        } else if (nBytes < 4) {
            for (int i = nBytes; i > 0; i --) {
                setByte(index, (byte) 0);
                index ++;
            }
        } else {
            setInt(index, 0);
            index += 4;
            for (int i = nBytes - 4; i > 0; i --) {
                setByte(index, (byte) 0);
                index ++;
            }
        }
    }

    public byte readByte() {
        if (readerIndex == writerIndex) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Readable byte limit exceeded: "
                    + readerIndex);
        }
        return getByte(readerIndex ++);
    }

    public short readUnsignedByte() {
        return (short) (readByte() & 0xFF);
    }

    public short readShort() {
        checkReadableBytes(2);
        short v = getShort(readerIndex);
        readerIndex += 2;
        return v;
    }

    public int readUnsignedShort() {
        return readShort() & 0xFFFF;
    }

    public int readMedium() {
        int value = readUnsignedMedium();
        if ((value & 0x800000) != 0) {
            value |= 0xff000000;
        }
        return value;
    }

    public int readUnsignedMedium() {
        checkReadableBytes(3);
        int v = getUnsignedMedium(readerIndex);
        readerIndex += 3;
        return v;
    }

    public int readInt() {
        checkReadableBytes(4);
        int v = getInt(readerIndex);
        readerIndex += 4;
        return v;
    }

    public long readUnsignedInt() {
        return readInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
    }

    public long readLong() {
        checkReadableBytes(8);
        long v = getLong(readerIndex);
        readerIndex += 8;
        return v;
    }

    public char readChar() {
        return (char) readShort();
    }

    public float readFloat() {
        return Float.intBitsToFloat(readInt());
    }

    public double readDouble() {
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(readLong());
    }

    public ChannelBuffer readBytes(int length) {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        if (length == 0) {
            return ChannelBuffers.EMPTY_BUFFER;
        }
        ChannelBuffer buf = factory().getBuffer(order(), length);
        buf.writeBytes(this, readerIndex, length);
        readerIndex += length;
        return buf;
    }

    @Deprecated
    public ChannelBuffer readBytes(ChannelBufferIndexFinder endIndexFinder) {
        int endIndex = indexOf(readerIndex, writerIndex, endIndexFinder);
        if (endIndex < 0) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return readBytes(endIndex - readerIndex);
    }

    public ChannelBuffer readSlice(int length) {
        ChannelBuffer slice = slice(readerIndex, length);
        readerIndex += length;
        return slice;
    }

    @Deprecated
    public ChannelBuffer readSlice(ChannelBufferIndexFinder endIndexFinder) {
        int endIndex = indexOf(readerIndex, writerIndex, endIndexFinder);
        if (endIndex < 0) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return readSlice(endIndex - readerIndex);
    }

    public void readBytes(byte[] dst, int dstIndex, int length) {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        getBytes(readerIndex, dst, dstIndex, length);
        readerIndex += length;
    }

    public void readBytes(byte[] dst) {
        readBytes(dst, 0, dst.length);
    }

    public void readBytes(ChannelBuffer dst) {
        readBytes(dst, dst.writableBytes());
    }

    public void readBytes(ChannelBuffer dst, int length) {
        if (length > dst.writableBytes()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Too many bytes to be read: Need "
                    + length + ", maximum is " + dst.writableBytes());
        }
        readBytes(dst, dst.writerIndex(), length);
        dst.writerIndex(dst.writerIndex() + length);
    }

    public void readBytes(ChannelBuffer dst, int dstIndex, int length) {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        getBytes(readerIndex, dst, dstIndex, length);
        readerIndex += length;
    }

    public void readBytes(ByteBuffer dst) {
        int length = dst.remaining();
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        getBytes(readerIndex, dst);
        readerIndex += length;
    }

    public int readBytes(GatheringByteChannel out, int length)
            throws IOException {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        int readBytes = getBytes(readerIndex, out, length);
        readerIndex += readBytes;
        return readBytes;
    }

    public void readBytes(OutputStream out, int length) throws IOException {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        getBytes(readerIndex, out, length);
        readerIndex += length;
    }

    public void skipBytes(int length) {
        int newReaderIndex = readerIndex + length;
        if (newReaderIndex > writerIndex) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Readable bytes exceeded - Need "
                    + newReaderIndex + ", maximum is " + writerIndex);
        }
        readerIndex = newReaderIndex;
    }

    @Deprecated
    public int skipBytes(ChannelBufferIndexFinder firstIndexFinder) {
        int oldReaderIndex = readerIndex;
        int newReaderIndex = indexOf(oldReaderIndex, writerIndex, firstIndexFinder);
        if (newReaderIndex < 0) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        readerIndex(newReaderIndex);
        return newReaderIndex - oldReaderIndex;
    }

    public void writeByte(int value) {
        setByte(writerIndex ++, value);
    }

    public void writeShort(int value) {
        setShort(writerIndex, value);
        writerIndex += 2;
    }

    public void writeMedium(int value) {
        setMedium(writerIndex, value);
        writerIndex += 3;
    }

    public void writeInt(int value) {
        setInt(writerIndex, value);
        writerIndex += 4;
    }

    public void writeLong(long value) {
        setLong(writerIndex, value);
        writerIndex += 8;
    }

    public void writeChar(int value) {
        writeShort(value);
    }

    public void writeFloat(float value) {
        writeInt(Float.floatToRawIntBits(value));
    }

    public void writeDouble(double value) {
        writeLong(Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value));
    }

    public void writeBytes(byte[] src, int srcIndex, int length) {
        setBytes(writerIndex, src, srcIndex, length);
        writerIndex += length;
    }

    public void writeBytes(byte[] src) {
        writeBytes(src, 0, src.length);
    }

    public void writeBytes(ChannelBuffer src) {
        writeBytes(src, src.readableBytes());
    }

    public void writeBytes(ChannelBuffer src, int length) {
        if (length > src.readableBytes()) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Too many bytes to write - Need "
                    + length + ", maximum is " + src.readableBytes());
        }
        writeBytes(src, src.readerIndex(), length);
        src.readerIndex(src.readerIndex() + length);
    }

    public void writeBytes(ChannelBuffer src, int srcIndex, int length) {
        setBytes(writerIndex, src, srcIndex, length);
        writerIndex += length;
    }

    public void writeBytes(ByteBuffer src) {
        int length = src.remaining();
        setBytes(writerIndex, src);
        writerIndex += length;
    }

    public int writeBytes(InputStream in, int length)
            throws IOException {
        int writtenBytes = setBytes(writerIndex, in, length);
        if (writtenBytes > 0) {
            writerIndex += writtenBytes;
        }
        return writtenBytes;
    }

    public int writeBytes(ScatteringByteChannel in, int length)
            throws IOException {
        int writtenBytes = setBytes(writerIndex, in, length);
        if (writtenBytes > 0) {
            writerIndex += writtenBytes;
        }
        return writtenBytes;
    }

    public void writeZero(int length) {
        if (length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        if (length < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "length must be 0 or greater than 0.");
        }
        int nLong = length >>> 3;
        int nBytes = length & 7;
        for (int i = nLong; i > 0; i --) {
            writeLong(0);
        }
        if (nBytes == 4) {
            writeInt(0);
        } else if (nBytes < 4) {
            for (int i = nBytes; i > 0; i --) {
                writeByte((byte) 0);
            }
        } else {
            writeInt(0);
            for (int i = nBytes - 4; i > 0; i --) {
                writeByte((byte) 0);
            }
        }
    }

    public ChannelBuffer copy() {
        return copy(readerIndex, readableBytes());
    }

    public ChannelBuffer slice() {
        return slice(readerIndex, readableBytes());
    }

    public ByteBuffer toByteBuffer() {
        return toByteBuffer(readerIndex, readableBytes());
    }

    public ByteBuffer[] toByteBuffers() {
        return toByteBuffers(readerIndex, readableBytes());
    }

    public ByteBuffer[] toByteBuffers(int index, int length) {
        return new ByteBuffer[] { toByteBuffer(index, length) };
    }

    public String toString(Charset charset) {
        return toString(readerIndex, readableBytes(), charset);
    }

    public String toString(int index, int length, Charset charset) {
        if (length == 0) {
            return "";
        }

        return ChannelBuffers.decodeString(
                toByteBuffer(index, length), charset);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public String toString(int index, int length, String charsetName,
            ChannelBufferIndexFinder terminatorFinder) {
        if (terminatorFinder == null) {
            return toString(index, length, charsetName);
        }

        int terminatorIndex = indexOf(index, index + length, terminatorFinder);
        if (terminatorIndex < 0) {
            return toString(index, length, charsetName);
        }

        return toString(index, terminatorIndex - index, charsetName);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public String toString(int index, int length, String charsetName) {
        return toString(index, length, Charset.forName(charsetName));
    }

    @Deprecated
    public String toString(String charsetName,
            ChannelBufferIndexFinder terminatorFinder) {
        return toString(readerIndex, readableBytes(), charsetName, terminatorFinder);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public String toString(String charsetName) {
        return toString(Charset.forName(charsetName));
    }

    public int indexOf(int fromIndex, int toIndex, byte value) {
        return ChannelBuffers.indexOf(this, fromIndex, toIndex, value);
    }

    public int indexOf(int fromIndex, int toIndex, ChannelBufferIndexFinder indexFinder) {
        return ChannelBuffers.indexOf(this, fromIndex, toIndex, indexFinder);
    }

    public int bytesBefore(byte value) {
        return bytesBefore(readerIndex(), readableBytes(), value);
    }

    public int bytesBefore(ChannelBufferIndexFinder indexFinder) {
        return bytesBefore(readerIndex(), readableBytes(), indexFinder);
    }

    public int bytesBefore(int length, byte value) {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        return bytesBefore(readerIndex(), length, value);
    }

    public int bytesBefore(int length, ChannelBufferIndexFinder indexFinder) {
        checkReadableBytes(length);
        return bytesBefore(readerIndex(), length, indexFinder);
    }

    public int bytesBefore(int index, int length, byte value) {
        int endIndex = indexOf(index, index + length, value);
        if (endIndex < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        return endIndex - index;
    }

    public int bytesBefore(int index, int length,
            ChannelBufferIndexFinder indexFinder) {
        int endIndex = indexOf(index, index + length, indexFinder);
        if (endIndex < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        return endIndex - index;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return ChannelBuffers.hashCode(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof ChannelBuffer)) {
            return false;
        }
        return ChannelBuffers.equals(this, (ChannelBuffer) o);
    }

    public int compareTo(ChannelBuffer that) {
        return ChannelBuffers.compare(this, that);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getSimpleName() + '(' +
               "ridx=" + readerIndex + ", " +
               "widx=" + writerIndex + ", " +
               "cap=" + capacity() +
               ')';
    }

    /**
     * Throws an {@link IndexOutOfBoundsException} if the current
     * {@linkplain #readableBytes() readable bytes} of this buffer is less
     * than the specified value.
     */
    protected void checkReadableBytes(int minimumReadableBytes) {
        if (readableBytes() < minimumReadableBytes) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Not enough readable bytes - Need "
                    + minimumReadableBytes + ", maximum is " + readableBytes());
        }
    }
}




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