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/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.MultipleOutputs;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.TaskAttemptContextImpl;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
/**
* The MultipleOutputs class simplifies writing output data
* to multiple outputs
*
*
* Case one: writing to additional outputs other than the job default output.
*
* Each additional output, or named output, may be configured with its own
* OutputFormat, with its own key class and with its own value
* class.
*
*
*
* Case two: to write data to different files provided by user
*
*
*
* MultipleOutputs supports counters, by default they are disabled. The
* counters group is the {@link MultipleOutputs} class name. The names of the
* counters are the same as the output name. These count the number records
* written to each output name.
*
*
* Usage pattern for job submission:
*
*
* Job job = new Job();
*
* FileInputFormat.setInputPath(job, inDir);
* FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, outDir);
*
* job.setMapperClass(MOMap.class);
* job.setReducerClass(MOReduce.class);
* ...
*
* // Defines additional single text based output 'text' for the job
* MultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "text", TextOutputFormat.class,
* LongWritable.class, Text.class);
*
* // Defines additional sequence-file based output 'sequence' for the job
* MultipleOutputs.addNamedOutput(job, "seq",
* SequenceFileOutputFormat.class,
* LongWritable.class, Text.class);
* ...
*
* job.waitForCompletion(true);
* ...
*
*
* Usage in Reducer:
*
* <K, V> String generateFileName(K k, V v) {
* return k.toString() + "_" + v.toString();
* }
*
* public class MOReduce extends
* Reducer<WritableComparable, Writable,WritableComparable, Writable> {
* private MultipleOutputs mos;
* public void setup(Context context) {
* ...
* mos = new MultipleOutputs(context);
* }
*
* public void reduce(WritableComparable key, Iterator<Writable> values,
* Context context)
* throws IOException {
* ...
* mos.write("text", , key, new Text("Hello"));
* mos.write("seq", LongWritable(1), new Text("Bye"), "seq_a");
* mos.write("seq", LongWritable(2), key, new Text("Chau"), "seq_b");
* mos.write(key, new Text("value"), generateFileName(key, new Text("value")));
* ...
* }
*
* public void cleanup(Context) throws IOException {
* mos.close();
* ...
* }
*
* }
*
*
*
* When used in conjuction with org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.LazyOutputFormat,
* MultipleOutputs can mimic the behaviour of MultipleTextOutputFormat and MultipleSequenceFileOutputFormat
* from the old Hadoop API - ie, output can be written from the Reducer to more than one location.
*
*
*
* Use MultipleOutputs.write(KEYOUT key, VALUEOUT value, String baseOutputPath) to write key and
* value to a path specified by baseOutputPath, with no need to specify a named output.
* Warning: when the baseOutputPath passed to MultipleOutputs.write
* is a path that resolves outside of the final job output directory, the
* directory is created immediately and then persists through subsequent
* task retries, breaking the concept of output committing:
*
*
*
* private MultipleOutputs<Text, Text> out;
*
* public void setup(Context context) {
* out = new MultipleOutputs<Text, Text>(context);
* ...
* }
*
* public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
* for (Text t : values) {
* out.write(key, t, generateFileName(<parameter list...>));
* }
* }
*
* protected void cleanup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
* out.close();
* }
*
*
*
* Use your own code in generateFileName() to create a custom path to your results.
* '/' characters in baseOutputPath will be translated into directory levels in your file system.
* Also, append your custom-generated path with "part" or similar, otherwise your output will be -00000, -00001 etc.
* No call to context.write() is necessary. See example generateFileName() code below.
*
*
*
* private String generateFileName(Text k) {
* // expect Text k in format "Surname|Forename"
* String[] kStr = k.toString().split("\\|");
*
* String sName = kStr[0];
* String fName = kStr[1];
*
* // example for k = Smith|John
* // output written to /user/hadoop/path/to/output/Smith/John-r-00000 (etc)
* return sName + "/" + fName;
* }
*
*
*
* Using MultipleOutputs in this way will still create zero-sized default output, eg part-00000.
* To prevent this use LazyOutputFormat.setOutputFormatClass(job, TextOutputFormat.class);
* instead of job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class); in your Hadoop job configuration.
*
*
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public class MultipleOutputs {
private static final String MULTIPLE_OUTPUTS = "mapreduce.multipleoutputs";
private static final String MO_PREFIX =
"mapreduce.multipleoutputs.namedOutput.";
private static final String FORMAT = ".format";
private static final String KEY = ".key";
private static final String VALUE = ".value";
private static final String COUNTERS_ENABLED =
"mapreduce.multipleoutputs.counters";
/**
* Counters group used by the counters of MultipleOutputs.
*/
private static final String COUNTERS_GROUP = MultipleOutputs.class.getName();
/**
* Cache for the taskContexts
*/
private Map taskContexts = new HashMap();
/**
* Cached TaskAttemptContext which uses the job's configured settings
*/
private TaskAttemptContext jobOutputFormatContext;
/**
* Checks if a named output name is valid token.
*
* @param namedOutput named output Name
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the output name is not valid.
*/
private static void checkTokenName(String namedOutput) {
if (namedOutput == null || namedOutput.length() == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Name cannot be NULL or emtpy");
}
for (char ch : namedOutput.toCharArray()) {
if ((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'Z')) {
continue;
}
if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z')) {
continue;
}
if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) {
continue;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Name cannot be have a '" + ch + "' char");
}
}
/**
* Checks if output name is valid.
*
* name cannot be the name used for the default output
* @param outputPath base output Name
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the output name is not valid.
*/
private static void checkBaseOutputPath(String outputPath) {
if (outputPath.equals(FileOutputFormat.PART)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("output name cannot be 'part'");
}
}
/**
* Checks if a named output name is valid.
*
* @param namedOutput named output Name
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the output name is not valid.
*/
private static void checkNamedOutputName(JobContext job,
String namedOutput, boolean alreadyDefined) {
checkTokenName(namedOutput);
checkBaseOutputPath(namedOutput);
List definedChannels = getNamedOutputsList(job);
if (alreadyDefined && definedChannels.contains(namedOutput)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Named output '" + namedOutput +
"' already alreadyDefined");
} else if (!alreadyDefined && !definedChannels.contains(namedOutput)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Named output '" + namedOutput +
"' not defined");
}
}
// Returns list of channel names.
private static List getNamedOutputsList(JobContext job) {
List names = new ArrayList();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(
job.getConfiguration().get(MULTIPLE_OUTPUTS, ""), " ");
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
names.add(st.nextToken());
}
return names;
}
// Returns the named output OutputFormat.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static Class> getNamedOutputFormatClass(
JobContext job, String namedOutput) {
return (Class>)
job.getConfiguration().getClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + FORMAT, null,
OutputFormat.class);
}
// Returns the key class for a named output.
private static Class getNamedOutputKeyClass(JobContext job,
String namedOutput) {
return job.getConfiguration().getClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + KEY, null,
Object.class);
}
// Returns the value class for a named output.
private static Class getNamedOutputValueClass(
JobContext job, String namedOutput) {
return job.getConfiguration().getClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + VALUE,
null, Object.class);
}
/**
* Adds a named output for the job.
*
* @param job job to add the named output
* @param namedOutput named output name, it has to be a word, letters
* and numbers only, cannot be the word 'part' as
* that is reserved for the default output.
* @param outputFormatClass OutputFormat class.
* @param keyClass key class
* @param valueClass value class
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void addNamedOutput(Job job, String namedOutput,
Class outputFormatClass,
Class keyClass, Class valueClass) {
checkNamedOutputName(job, namedOutput, true);
Configuration conf = job.getConfiguration();
conf.set(MULTIPLE_OUTPUTS,
conf.get(MULTIPLE_OUTPUTS, "") + " " + namedOutput);
conf.setClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + FORMAT, outputFormatClass,
OutputFormat.class);
conf.setClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + KEY, keyClass, Object.class);
conf.setClass(MO_PREFIX + namedOutput + VALUE, valueClass, Object.class);
}
/**
* Enables or disables counters for the named outputs.
*
* The counters group is the {@link MultipleOutputs} class name.
* The names of the counters are the same as the named outputs. These
* counters count the number records written to each output name.
* By default these counters are disabled.
*
* @param job job to enable counters
* @param enabled indicates if the counters will be enabled or not.
*/
public static void setCountersEnabled(Job job, boolean enabled) {
job.getConfiguration().setBoolean(COUNTERS_ENABLED, enabled);
}
/**
* Returns if the counters for the named outputs are enabled or not.
* By default these counters are disabled.
*
* @param job the job
* @return TRUE if the counters are enabled, FALSE if they are disabled.
*/
public static boolean getCountersEnabled(JobContext job) {
return job.getConfiguration().getBoolean(COUNTERS_ENABLED, false);
}
/**
* Wraps RecordWriter to increment counters.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static class RecordWriterWithCounter extends RecordWriter {
private RecordWriter writer;
private String counterName;
private TaskInputOutputContext context;
public RecordWriterWithCounter(RecordWriter writer, String counterName,
TaskInputOutputContext context) {
this.writer = writer;
this.counterName = counterName;
this.context = context;
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public void write(Object key, Object value)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
context.getCounter(COUNTERS_GROUP, counterName).increment(1);
writer.write(key, value);
}
public void close(TaskAttemptContext context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
writer.close(context);
}
}
// instance code, to be used from Mapper/Reducer code
private TaskInputOutputContext context;
private Set namedOutputs;
private Map> recordWriters;
private boolean countersEnabled;
/**
* Creates and initializes multiple outputs support,
* it should be instantiated in the Mapper/Reducer setup method.
*
* @param context the TaskInputOutputContext object
*/
public MultipleOutputs(
TaskInputOutputContext context) {
this.context = context;
namedOutputs = Collections.unmodifiableSet(
new HashSet(MultipleOutputs.getNamedOutputsList(context)));
recordWriters = new HashMap>();
countersEnabled = getCountersEnabled(context);
}
/**
* Write key and value to the namedOutput.
*
* Output path is a unique file generated for the namedOutput.
* For example, {namedOutput}-(m|r)-{part-number}
*
* @param namedOutput the named output name
* @param key the key
* @param value the value
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void write(String namedOutput, K key, V value)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
write(namedOutput, key, value, namedOutput);
}
/**
* Write key and value to baseOutputPath using the namedOutput.
*
* @param namedOutput the named output name
* @param key the key
* @param value the value
* @param baseOutputPath base-output path to write the record to.
* Note: Framework will generate unique filename for the baseOutputPath
* Warning: when the baseOutputPath is a path that resolves
* outside of the final job output directory, the directory is created
* immediately and then persists through subsequent task retries, breaking
* the concept of output committing.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void write(String namedOutput, K key, V value,
String baseOutputPath) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
checkNamedOutputName(context, namedOutput, false);
checkBaseOutputPath(baseOutputPath);
if (!namedOutputs.contains(namedOutput)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Undefined named output '" +
namedOutput + "'");
}
TaskAttemptContext taskContext = getContext(namedOutput);
getRecordWriter(taskContext, baseOutputPath).write(key, value);
}
/**
* Write key value to an output file name.
*
* Gets the record writer from job's output format.
* Job's output format should be a FileOutputFormat.
*
* @param key the key
* @param value the value
* @param baseOutputPath base-output path to write the record to.
* Note: Framework will generate unique filename for the baseOutputPath
* Warning: when the baseOutputPath is a path that resolves
* outside of the final job output directory, the directory is created
* immediately and then persists through subsequent task retries, breaking
* the concept of output committing.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void write(KEYOUT key, VALUEOUT value, String baseOutputPath)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
checkBaseOutputPath(baseOutputPath);
if (jobOutputFormatContext == null) {
jobOutputFormatContext =
new TaskAttemptContextImpl(context.getConfiguration(),
context.getTaskAttemptID(),
new WrappedStatusReporter(context));
}
getRecordWriter(jobOutputFormatContext, baseOutputPath).write(key, value);
}
// by being synchronized MultipleOutputTask can be use with a
// MultithreadedMapper.
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private synchronized RecordWriter getRecordWriter(
TaskAttemptContext taskContext, String baseFileName)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// look for record-writer in the cache
RecordWriter writer = recordWriters.get(baseFileName);
// If not in cache, create a new one
if (writer == null) {
// get the record writer from context output format
FileOutputFormat.setOutputName(taskContext, baseFileName);
try {
writer = ((OutputFormat) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(
taskContext.getOutputFormatClass(), taskContext.getConfiguration()))
.getRecordWriter(taskContext);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new IOException(e);
}
// if counters are enabled, wrap the writer with context
// to increment counters
if (countersEnabled) {
writer = new RecordWriterWithCounter(writer, baseFileName, context);
}
// add the record-writer to the cache
recordWriters.put(baseFileName, writer);
}
return writer;
}
// Create a taskAttemptContext for the named output with
// output format and output key/value types put in the context
private TaskAttemptContext getContext(String nameOutput) throws IOException {
TaskAttemptContext taskContext = taskContexts.get(nameOutput);
if (taskContext != null) {
return taskContext;
}
// The following trick leverages the instantiation of a record writer via
// the job thus supporting arbitrary output formats.
Job job = Job.getInstance(context.getConfiguration());
job.setOutputFormatClass(getNamedOutputFormatClass(context, nameOutput));
job.setOutputKeyClass(getNamedOutputKeyClass(context, nameOutput));
job.setOutputValueClass(getNamedOutputValueClass(context, nameOutput));
taskContext = new TaskAttemptContextImpl(job.getConfiguration(), context
.getTaskAttemptID(), new WrappedStatusReporter(context));
taskContexts.put(nameOutput, taskContext);
return taskContext;
}
private static class WrappedStatusReporter extends StatusReporter {
TaskAttemptContext context;
public WrappedStatusReporter(TaskAttemptContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public Counter getCounter(Enum name) {
return context.getCounter(name);
}
@Override
public Counter getCounter(String group, String name) {
return context.getCounter(group, name);
}
@Override
public void progress() {
context.progress();
}
@Override
public float getProgress() {
return context.getProgress();
}
@Override
public void setStatus(String status) {
context.setStatus(status);
}
}
/**
* Closes all the opened outputs.
*
* This should be called from cleanup method of map/reduce task.
* If overridden subclasses must invoke super.close() at the
* end of their close()
*
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void close() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
for (RecordWriter writer : recordWriters.values()) {
writer.close(context);
}
}
}