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/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package io.prestosql.sql.planner.iterative.rule;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import io.prestosql.matching.Captures;
import io.prestosql.matching.Pattern;
import io.prestosql.metadata.Metadata;
import io.prestosql.sql.planner.iterative.Rule;
import io.prestosql.sql.planner.plan.Assignments;
import io.prestosql.sql.planner.plan.ExceptNode;
import io.prestosql.sql.planner.plan.FilterNode;
import io.prestosql.sql.planner.plan.ProjectNode;
import io.prestosql.sql.tree.Expression;
import io.prestosql.sql.tree.NotExpression;

import java.util.List;

import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.getFirst;
import static io.prestosql.sql.ExpressionUtils.and;
import static io.prestosql.sql.planner.plan.Patterns.except;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

/**
 * Converts EXCEPT queries into UNION ALL..GROUP BY...WHERE
 * E.g.:
 *  *     SELECT a FROM foo
 *     EXCEPT
 *     SELECT x FROM bar
 * 
 * =>
 *  *     SELECT a
 *     FROM
 *     (
 *         SELECT a,
 *         COUNT(foo_marker) AS foo_count,
 *         COUNT(bar_marker) AS bar_count
 *         FROM
 *         (
 *             SELECT a, true as foo_marker, null as bar_marker
 *             FROM foo
 *             UNION ALL
 *             SELECT x, null as foo_marker, true as bar_marker
 *             FROM bar
 *         ) T1
 *     GROUP BY a
 *     ) T2
 *     WHERE foo_count >= 1 AND bar_count = 0;
 * 
 */
public class ImplementExceptAsUnion
        implements Rule
{
    private static final Pattern PATTERN = except();
    private final Metadata metadata;

    public ImplementExceptAsUnion(Metadata metadata)
    {
        this.metadata = requireNonNull(metadata, "metadata is null");
    }

    @Override
    public Pattern getPattern()
    {
        return PATTERN;
    }

    @Override
    public Result apply(ExceptNode node, Captures captures, Context context)
    {
        SetOperationNodeTranslator translator = new SetOperationNodeTranslator(metadata, context.getSymbolAllocator(), context.getIdAllocator());
        SetOperationNodeTranslator.TranslationResult result = translator.makeSetContainmentPlan(node);

        ImmutableList.Builder predicatesBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
        List presentExpression = result.getPresentExpressions();
        predicatesBuilder.add(getFirst(presentExpression, null));
        for (int i = 1; i < presentExpression.size(); i++) {
            predicatesBuilder.add(new NotExpression(presentExpression.get(i)));
        }

        return Result.ofPlanNode(
                new ProjectNode(
                        context.getIdAllocator().getNextId(),
                        new FilterNode(context.getIdAllocator().getNextId(), result.getPlanNode(), and(predicatesBuilder.build())),
                        Assignments.identity(node.getOutputSymbols())));
    }
}