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/*
* Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package ratpack.exec;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
import ratpack.exec.internal.DefaultExecution;
import ratpack.exec.internal.DefaultPromise;
import ratpack.exec.internal.ThreadBinding;
import ratpack.func.Block;
import ratpack.func.Factory;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
/**
* Facilitates working with code that blocks (e.g. synchronous IO)
*/
public abstract class Blocking {
private Blocking() {
}
/**
* Performs a blocking operation on a separate thread, returning a promise for its value.
*
* This method should be used to perform blocking IO, or to perform any operation that synchronously waits for something to happen.
* The given factory function will be executed on a thread from a special pool for such operations (i.e. not a thread from the main compute event loop).
*
* The operation should do as little computation as possible.
* It should just perform the blocking operation and immediately return the result.
* Performing computation during the operation will degrade performance.
*
* @param factory the operation that blocks
* @param the type of value created by the operation
* @return a promise for the return value of the given blocking operation
*/
public static Promise get(Factory factory) {
return new DefaultPromise<>(downstream -> {
DefaultExecution execution = DefaultExecution.require();
EventLoop eventLoop = execution.getEventLoop();
execution.delimit(continuation ->
eventLoop.execute(() ->
CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
new Supplier>() {
Result result;
@Override
public Result get() {
try {
DefaultExecution.THREAD_BINDING.set(execution);
intercept(execution, execution.getAllInterceptors().iterator(), () -> {
try {
result = Result.success(factory.create());
} catch (Throwable e) {
result = Result.error(e);
}
});
return result;
} catch (Throwable e) {
DefaultExecution.interceptorError(e);
return result;
} finally {
DefaultExecution.THREAD_BINDING.remove();
}
}
}, execution.getController().getBlockingExecutor()
).thenAcceptAsync(v -> continuation.resume(() -> downstream.accept(v)), eventLoop)
)
);
});
}
/**
* Blocks execution waiting for this promise to complete and returns the promised value.
*
* This method allows the use of asynchronous API, by synchronous API.
* This may occur when integrating with other libraries that are not asynchronous.
* The following example simulates using a library that takes a callback that is expected to produce a value synchronously,
* but where the production of the value is actually asynchronous.
*
*
{@code
* import ratpack.test.exec.ExecHarness;
* import ratpack.exec.ExecResult;
* import ratpack.exec.Blocking;
* import ratpack.exec.Promise;
* import ratpack.func.Factory;
*
* import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
*
* public class Example {
* static T produceSync(Factory factory) throws Exception {
* return factory.create();
* }
*
* public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
* ExecResult result = ExecHarness.yieldSingle(e ->
* Blocking.get(() ->
* produceSync(() ->
* Blocking.on(Promise.value("foo")) // block and wait for the promised value
* )
* )
* );
*
* assertEquals("foo", result.getValue());
* }
* }
* }
*
*
* Important: this method can only be used inside a {@link Blocking} function.
* That is, it can only be used from a Ratpack managed blocking thread.
* If it is called on a non Ratpack managed blocking thread it will immediately throw an {@link ExecutionException}.
*
* When this method is called, the promise will be subscribed to on a compute thread while the blocking thread waits.
* When the promised value has been produced, and the compute thread segment has completed, the value will be returned
* allowing execution to continue on the blocking thread.
* The following example visualises this flow by capturing the sequence of events via an {@link ExecInterceptor}.
*
*
{@code
* import ratpack.test.exec.ExecHarness;
* import ratpack.exec.Blocking;
* import ratpack.exec.Promise;
* import ratpack.exec.ExecResult;
* import ratpack.exec.ExecInterceptor;
*
* import java.util.List;
* import java.util.ArrayList;
* import java.util.Arrays;
*
* import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
*
* public class Example {
* public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
* List events = new ArrayList<>();
*
* ExecHarness.yieldSingle(
* r -> r.add(ExecInterceptor.class, (execution, execType, continuation) -> {
* events.add(execType + "-start");
* try {
* continuation.execute();
* } finally {
* events.add(execType + "-stop");
* }
* }),
* e -> Blocking.get(() -> Blocking.on(Promise.value("foo")))
* );
*
* List actualEvents = Arrays.asList(
* "COMPUTE-start",
* "COMPUTE-stop",
* "BLOCKING-start",
* "COMPUTE-start",
* "COMPUTE-stop",
* "BLOCKING-stop",
* "COMPUTE-start",
* "COMPUTE-stop"
* );
*
* assertEquals(actualEvents, events);
* }
* }
* }
*
* @param promise the promise to block on
* @param the type of value returned by the promise
* @return the promised value
* @throws ExecutionException if not called on a Ratpack managed blocking thread
* @throws Exception any thrown while producing the value
*/
public static T on(Promise promise) throws Exception {
ThreadBinding.requireBlockingThread("Blocking.on() can only be used while blocking (i.e. use Blocking.get() first)");
DefaultExecution backing = DefaultExecution.require();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
AtomicReference> resultReference = new AtomicReference<>();
backing.delimit(continuation ->
promise.connect(
new Downstream() {
@Override
public void success(T value) {
unlatch(Result.success(value));
}
@Override
public void error(Throwable throwable) {
unlatch(Result.error(throwable));
}
@Override
public void complete() {
unlatch(Result.success(null));
}
private void unlatch(Result result) {
continuation.resume(() -> {
resultReference.set(result);
latch.countDown();
});
}
}
)
);
backing.eventLoopDrain();
latch.await();
return resultReference.get().getValueOrThrow();
}
public static Operation op(Block block) {
return Blocking.get(() -> {
block.execute();
return null;
}).operation();
}
public static void exec(Block block) {
op(block).then();
}
private static void intercept(Execution execution, final Iterator interceptors, Runnable runnable) throws Exception {
if (interceptors.hasNext()) {
interceptors.next().intercept(execution, ExecInterceptor.ExecType.BLOCKING, () -> intercept(execution, interceptors, runnable));
} else {
runnable.run();
}
}
}