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Java DSL for easy testing of REST services
/*
* Copyright 2019 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package io.restassured.internal.http;
import groovy.json.JsonBuilder;
import groovy.lang.Closure;
import groovy.lang.GString;
import groovy.lang.Writable;
import groovy.xml.StreamingMarkupBuilder;
import io.restassured.config.EncoderConfig;
import io.restassured.http.ContentType;
import io.restassured.internal.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.InputStreamEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.IOGroovyMethods;
import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.MethodClosure;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import static io.restassured.internal.support.FileReader.readToString;
/**
* This class handles creation of the request body (i.e. for a
* PUT or POST operation) based on content-type. When a
* {@link HTTPBuilder.RequestConfigDelegate#setBody(Object) body} is set from the builder, it is
* processed based on the {@link HTTPBuilder.RequestConfigDelegate#getRequestContentType()
* request content-type}. For instance, the {@link #encodeForm(Map)} method
* will be invoked if the request content-type is form-urlencoded, which will
* cause the following:body=[a:1, b:'two'] to be encoded as
* the equivalent a=1&b=two in the request body.
*
* Most default encoders can handle a closure as a request body. In this
* case, the closure is executed and a suitable 'builder' passed to the
* closure that is used for constructing the content. In the case of
* binary encoding this would be an OutputStream; for TEXT encoding it would
* be a PrintWriter, and for XML it would be an already-bound
* {@link StreamingMarkupBuilder}. See each encode... method
* for details for each particular content-type.
*
* Contrary to its name, this class does not have anything to do with the
* content-encoding HTTP header.
*
* @author Tom Nichols
*/
public class EncoderRegistry {
private Map registeredEncoders = buildDefaultEncoderMap();
private EncoderConfig encoderConfig = new EncoderConfig();
/**
* Set the encoder config
*/
public void setEncoderConfig(EncoderConfig encoderConfig) {
this.encoderConfig = encoderConfig;
}
/**
* Default request encoder for a binary stream. Acceptable argument
* types are:
*
* - InputStream
* - byte[] / ByteArrayOutputStream
* - Closure
*
* If a closure is given, it is executed with an OutputStream passed
* as the single closure argument. Any data sent to the stream from the
* body of the closure is used as the request content body.
*
* @param data
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public InputStreamEntity encodeStream(Object contentType, Object data) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
InputStreamEntity entity = null;
if (data instanceof ByteArrayInputStream) {
// special case for ByteArrayIS so that we can set the content length.
ByteArrayInputStream in = ((ByteArrayInputStream) data);
entity = new InputStreamEntity(in, in.available());
} else if (data instanceof InputStream) {
entity = new InputStreamEntity((InputStream) data, -1);
} else if (data instanceof File) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream;
File file = (File) data;
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("File " + file.getPath() + " not found", e);
}
// Set file size, since we already know it at this time. Ref: Issue #988
entity = new InputStreamEntity(fileInputStream, file.length());
} else if (data instanceof byte[]) {
byte[] out = ((byte[]) data);
entity = new InputStreamEntity(new ByteArrayInputStream(
out), out.length);
} else if (data instanceof ByteArrayOutputStream) {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = ((ByteArrayOutputStream) data);
entity = new InputStreamEntity(new ByteArrayInputStream(
out.toByteArray()), out.size());
} else if (data instanceof Closure) {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
((Closure) data).call(out); // data is written to out
entity = new InputStreamEntity(new ByteArrayInputStream(
out.toByteArray()), out.size());
}
if (entity == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Don't know how to encode " + data + " as a byte stream.\n\nPlease use EncoderConfig (EncoderConfig#encodeContentTypeAs) to specify how to serialize data for this content-type.\n" +
"For example: \"given().config(RestAssured.config().encoderConfig(encoderConfig().encodeContentTypeAs(\"" + ContentTypeExtractor.getContentTypeWithoutCharset(contentTypeToString(contentType)) + "\", ContentType.TEXT))). ..\"");
entity.setContentType(contentTypeToString(contentType));
return entity;
}
/**
* Default handler used for a plain text content-type. Acceptable argument
* types are:
*
* - Closure
* - Writable
* - Reader
*
* For Closure argument, a {@link PrintWriter} is passed as the single
* argument to the closure. Any data sent to the writer from the
* closure will be sent to the request content body.
*
* @param data
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws IOException
*/
public HttpEntity encodeText(Object contentType, Object data) throws IOException {
String contentTypeAsString = contentTypeToString(contentType);
if (data instanceof Closure) {
StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(out);
((Closure) data).call(writer);
writer.close();
out.flush();
data = out;
} else if (data instanceof Writable) {
StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
((Writable) data).writeTo(out);
out.flush();
data = out;
} else if (data instanceof Reader && !(data instanceof BufferedReader)) {
data = new BufferedReader((Reader) data);
} else if (data instanceof File) {
data = toString((File) data, contentTypeAsString);
}
if (data instanceof BufferedReader) {
StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
IOGroovyMethods.leftShift(out, (BufferedReader) data);
data = out;
}
// if data is a String, we are already covered.
return createEntity(contentTypeAsString, data);
}
/**
* Set the request body as a url-encoded list of parameters. This is
* typically used to simulate a HTTP form POST.
* For multi-valued parameters, enclose the values in a list, e.g.
* [ key1 : ['val1', 'val2'], key2 : 'etc.' ]
*
* @param params
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public UrlEncodedFormEntity encodeForm(Map params)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
List paramList = new ArrayList();
for (Object key : params.keySet()) {
Object val = params.get(key);
if (val instanceof List)
for (Object subVal : (List) val)
paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key.toString(),
(subVal == null) ? "" : subVal.toString()));
else paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key.toString(),
(val == null) ? "" : val.toString()));
}
return new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, encoderConfig.defaultContentCharset());
}
/**
* Accepts a String as a url-encoded form post. This method assumes the
* String is an already-encoded POST string.
*
* @param formData a url-encoded form POST string. See
*
* The W3C spec for more info.
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public HttpEntity encodeForm(Object contentType, String formData) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return this.createEntity(contentTypeToString(contentType), formData);
}
/**
* Encode the content as XML. The argument may be either an object whose
* toString produces valid markup, or a Closure which will be
* interpreted as a builder definition.
*
* @param xml data that defines the XML structure
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public HttpEntity encodeXML(Object contentType, Object xml) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String contentTypeAsString = contentTypeToString(contentType);
if (xml instanceof Closure) {
StreamingMarkupBuilder smb = new StreamingMarkupBuilder();
xml = smb.bind(xml);
} else if (xml instanceof File) {
xml = toString((File) xml, contentTypeAsString);
}
return createEntity(contentTypeAsString, xml);
}
/**
* Accepts a Collection or a JavaBean object which is converted to JSON.
* A Map or Collection will be converted to a {@link JsonBuilder}.. A
* String or GString will be interpreted as valid JSON and passed directly
* as the request body (with charset conversion if necessary.)
*
* If a Closure is passed as the model, it will be executed as if it were
* a JSON object definition passed to a {@link JsonBuilder}. In order
* for the closure to be interpreted correctly, there must be a 'root'
* element immediately inside the closure. For example:
*
* builder.post( JSON ) {
* body = {
* root {
* first {
* one = 1
* two = '2'
* }
* second = 'some string'
* }
* }
* }
* will return the following JSON string:
* {"root":{"first":{"one":1,"two":"2"},"second":"some string"}}
*
* @param model data to be converted to JSON, as specified above.
* @return an {@link HttpEntity} encapsulating this request data
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public HttpEntity encodeJSON(Object contentType, Object model) throws IOException {
String contentTypeAsString = contentTypeToString(contentType);
Object json;
if (model instanceof Map || model instanceof Collection) {
json = new JsonBuilder(model);
} else if (model instanceof Closure) {
Closure closure = (Closure) model;
closure.setDelegate(new JsonBuilder());
json = closure.call();
} else if (model instanceof String || model instanceof GString || model instanceof byte[]) {
json = model; // assume valid JSON already.
} else if (model instanceof File) {
json = toString((File) model, contentTypeAsString);
} else if (model instanceof InputStream) {
json = IOUtils.toByteArray((InputStream)model); // assume valid JSON.
} else {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Internal error: Can't encode " + model + " to JSON.");
}
return createEntity(contentTypeAsString, json);
}
private HttpEntity createEntity(String ct, Object object) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (object instanceof byte[]) {
return createEntity(ct, (byte[]) object);
} else {
return createEntity(ct, object.toString());
}
}
protected HttpEntity createEntity(String ct, byte[] byteArray) {
final ByteArrayEntity byteArrayEntity = new ByteArrayEntity(byteArray);
byteArrayEntity.setContentType(ct);
return byteArrayEntity;
}
/**
* Helper method used by encoder methods to create an {@link HttpEntity}
* instance that encapsulates the request data. This may be used by any
* non-streaming encoder that needs to send textual data.
*
* @param ct content-type of the data
* @param data textual request data to be encoded
* @return an instance to be used for the
* {@link HttpEntityEnclosingRequest#setEntity(HttpEntity) request content}
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
protected HttpEntity createEntity(String ct, String data)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String charset = CharsetExtractor.getCharsetFromContentType(ct);
if (charset == null) {
if (encoderConfig.hasDefaultCharsetForContentType(ct)) {
charset = encoderConfig.defaultCharsetForContentType(ct);
} else {
charset = encoderConfig.defaultContentCharset();
}
}
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(data, charset);
entity.setContentType(ct);
return entity;
}
/**
* Returns a map of default encoders. Override this method to change
* what encoders are registered by default. You can of course call
* super.buildDefaultEncoderMap() and then add or remove
* from that result as well.
*/
protected Map buildDefaultEncoderMap() {
Map encoders = new HashMap();
encoders.put(ContentType.BINARY.toString(), new MethodClosure(this, "encodeStream"));
encoders.put(ContentType.TEXT.toString(), new MethodClosure(this, "encodeText"));
encoders.put(ContentType.URLENC.toString(), new MethodClosure(this, "encodeForm"));
Closure encClosure = new MethodClosure(this, "encodeXML");
for (String ct : ContentType.XML.getContentTypeStrings())
encoders.put(ct, encClosure);
encoders.put(ContentType.HTML.toString(), encClosure);
encClosure = new MethodClosure(this, "encodeJSON");
for (String ct : ContentType.JSON.getContentTypeStrings())
encoders.put(ct, encClosure);
return encoders;
}
/**
* Retrieve a encoder for the given content-type. This
* is called by HTTPBuilder to retrieve the correct encoder for a given
* content-type. The encoder is then used to serialize the request data
* in the request body.
*
* @param contentType
* @return encoder that can interpret the given content type,
* or null.
*/
public Closure getAt(Object contentType) {
String ct = contentType.toString();
int idx = ct.indexOf(';');
if (idx > 0) ct = ct.substring(0, idx);
Closure closure = registeredEncoders.get(ct);
if (closure == null) {
final ContentType foundCt = ContentType.fromContentType(ct);
if (foundCt != null) {
closure = registeredEncoders.get(foundCt.toString());
}
}
// We couldn't find an explicit encoder for the given content-type so try to find a match
if (closure == null) {
closure = tryToFindMatchingEncoder(ct);
}
// If no encoder could be found then use binary
if (closure == null) {
return getAt(ContentType.BINARY.toString());
}
return closure;
}
private Closure tryToFindMatchingEncoder(String contentType) {
final Closure closure;
if (contentType == null) {
closure = null;
} else if (StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(contentType, "text/") || StringUtils.containsIgnoreCase(contentType, "+text")) {
closure = new MethodClosure(this, "encodeText");
} else {
closure = null;
}
return closure;
}
/**
* Register a new encoder for the given content type. If any encoder
* previously existed for that content type it will be replaced. The
* closure must return an {@link HttpEntity}. It will also usually
* accept a single argument, which will be whatever is set in the request
* configuration closure via {@link HTTPBuilder.RequestConfigDelegate#setBody(Object)}.
*
* @param contentType
*/
public void putAt(Object contentType, Closure value) {
if (contentType instanceof ContentType) {
for (String ct : ((ContentType) contentType).getContentTypeStrings())
this.registeredEncoders.put(ct, value);
} else this.registeredEncoders.put(contentTypeToString(contentType), value);
}
/**
* Alias for {@link #getAt(Object)} to allow property-style access.
*
* @param key
* @return
*/
public Closure propertyMissing(Object key) {
return this.getAt(key);
}
/**
* Alias for {@link #putAt(Object, Closure)} to allow property-style access.
*
* @param key
* @param value
*/
public void propertyMissing(Object key, Closure value) {
this.putAt(key, value);
}
/**
* Iterate over the entire parser map
*
* @return
*/
public Iterator> iterator() {
return this.registeredEncoders.entrySet().iterator();
}
private String contentTypeToString(Object contentType) {
return contentType == null ? null : contentType.toString();
}
private String toString(File model, String contentTypeAsString) {
String charset = CharsetExtractor.getCharsetFromContentType(contentTypeAsString);
return readToString(model, charset == null ? encoderConfig.defaultCharsetForContentType(contentTypeAsString) : charset);
}
}