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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.jasper.runtime;

import static org.apache.jasper.JasperMessages.MESSAGES;

import java.beans.PropertyEditor;
import java.beans.PropertyEditorManager;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyContent;

import org.apache.jasper.Constants;
import org.apache.jasper.JasperException;
import org.apache.jasper.util.ExceptionUtils;

/**
 * Bunch of util methods that are used by code generated for useBean,
 * getProperty and setProperty.
 *
 * The __begin, __end stuff is there so that the JSP engine can
 * actually parse this file and inline them if people don't want
 * runtime dependencies on this class. However, I'm not sure if that
 * works so well right now. It got forgotten at some point. -akv
 *
 * @author Mandar Raje
 * @author Shawn Bayern
 */
public class JspRuntimeLibrary {

    protected static class PrivilegedIntrospectHelper
        implements PrivilegedExceptionAction {

        private final Object bean;
        private final String prop;
        private final String value;
        private final ServletRequest request;
        private final String param;
        private final boolean ignoreMethodNF;

        PrivilegedIntrospectHelper(Object bean, String prop,
                                   String value, ServletRequest request,
                                   String param, boolean ignoreMethodNF)
        {
	    this.bean = bean;
	    this.prop = prop;
	    this.value = value;
            this.request = request;
	    this.param = param;
	    this.ignoreMethodNF = ignoreMethodNF;
        }

        @Override
        public Void run() throws JasperException {
	    internalIntrospecthelper(
                bean,prop,value,request,param,ignoreMethodNF);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of the javax.servlet.error.exception request
     * attribute value, if present, otherwise the value of the
     * javax.servlet.jsp.jspException request attribute value.
     *
     * This method is called at the beginning of the generated servlet code
     * for a JSP error page, when the "exception" implicit scripting language
     * variable is initialized.
     */
    public static Throwable getThrowable(ServletRequest request) {
        Throwable error = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(
                RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);
	if (error == null) {
            error = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(PageContext.EXCEPTION);
	    if (error != null) {
		/*
		 * The only place that sets JSP_EXCEPTION is
		 * PageContextImpl.handlePageException(). It really should set
                 * SERVLET_EXCEPTION, but that would interfere with the
		 * ErrorReportValve. Therefore, if JSP_EXCEPTION is set, we
		 * need to set SERVLET_EXCEPTION.
		 */
                request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, error);
	    }
	}

	return error;
    }

    public static boolean coerceToBoolean(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return false;
	else
            return Boolean.parseBoolean(s);
    }

    public static byte coerceToByte(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return (byte) 0;
	else
	    return Byte.valueOf(s).byteValue();
    }

    public static char coerceToChar(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
	    return (char) 0;
	} else {
	    // this trick avoids escaping issues
	    return (char)(int) s.charAt(0);
	}
    }

    public static double coerceToDouble(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return (double) 0;
	else
	    return Double.valueOf(s).doubleValue();
    }

    public static float coerceToFloat(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return (float) 0;
	else
	    return Float.valueOf(s).floatValue();
    }

    public static int coerceToInt(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return 0;
	else
            return Integer.parseInt(s);
    }

    public static short coerceToShort(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
	    return (short) 0;
	else
            return Short.parseShort(s);
    }

    public static long coerceToLong(String s) {
	if (s == null || s.length() == 0)
            return 0;
	else
            return Long.parseLong(s);
    }

    public static Object coerce(String s, Class target) {

	boolean isNullOrEmpty = (s == null || s.length() == 0);

	if (target == Boolean.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty) {
		s = "false";
	    }
            return Boolean.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Byte.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Byte.valueOf((byte) 0);
	    else
                return Byte.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Character.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Character.valueOf((char) 0);
            else {
                @SuppressWarnings("null")
                Character result = Character.valueOf(s.charAt(0));
                return result;
            }
	} else if (target == Double.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Double.valueOf(0);
	    else
                return Double.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Float.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Float.valueOf(0);
	    else
                return Float.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Integer.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Integer.valueOf(0);
	    else
                return Integer.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Short.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Short.valueOf((short) 0);
	    else
                return Short.valueOf(s);
	} else if (target == Long.class) {
	    if (isNullOrEmpty)
                return Long.valueOf(0);
	    else
                return Long.valueOf(s);
	} else {
	    return null;
	}
    }

   // __begin convertMethod
    public static Object convert(String propertyName, String s, Class t,
            Class propertyEditorClass)
       throws JasperException
    {
        try {
            if (s == null) {
                if (t.equals(Boolean.class) || t.equals(Boolean.TYPE))
                    s = "false";
                else
                    return null;
            }
	    if (propertyEditorClass != null) {
		return getValueFromBeanInfoPropertyEditor(
				    t, propertyName, s, propertyEditorClass);
	    } else if ( t.equals(Boolean.class) || t.equals(Boolean.TYPE) ) {
                if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("on") || s.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
                    s = "true";
                else
                    s = "false";
                return Boolean.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(Byte.class) || t.equals(Byte.TYPE) ) {
                return Byte.valueOf(s);
            } else if (t.equals(Character.class) || t.equals(Character.TYPE)) {
                return s.length() > 0 ? Character.valueOf(s.charAt(0)) : null;
            } else if ( t.equals(Short.class) || t.equals(Short.TYPE) ) {
                return Short.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(Integer.class) || t.equals(Integer.TYPE) ) {
                return Integer.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(Float.class) || t.equals(Float.TYPE) ) {
                return Float.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(Long.class) || t.equals(Long.TYPE) ) {
                return Long.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(Double.class) || t.equals(Double.TYPE) ) {
                return Double.valueOf(s);
            } else if ( t.equals(String.class) ) {
                return s;
            } else if ( t.equals(java.io.File.class) ) {
                return new java.io.File(s);
            } else if (t.getName().equals("java.lang.Object")) {
                return new Object[] {s};
	    } else {
		return getValueFromPropertyEditorManager(
                                            t, propertyName, s);
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new JasperException(ex);
        }
    }
    // __end convertMethod

    // __begin introspectMethod
    public static void introspect(Object bean, ServletRequest request)
                                  throws JasperException
    {
        Enumeration e = request.getParameterNames();
	while ( e.hasMoreElements() ) {
            String name  = e.nextElement();
	    String value = request.getParameter(name);
	    introspecthelper(bean, name, value, request, name, true);
	}
    }
    // __end introspectMethod

    // __begin introspecthelperMethod
    public static void introspecthelper(Object bean, String prop,
                                        String value, ServletRequest request,
                                        String param, boolean ignoreMethodNF)
                                        throws JasperException
    {
        if( Constants.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED ) {
            try {
                PrivilegedIntrospectHelper dp =
		    new PrivilegedIntrospectHelper(
			bean,prop,value,request,param,ignoreMethodNF);
                AccessController.doPrivileged(dp);
            } catch( PrivilegedActionException pe) {
                Exception e = pe.getException();
                throw (JasperException)e;
            }
        } else {
            internalIntrospecthelper(
		bean,prop,value,request,param,ignoreMethodNF);
        }
    }

    private static void internalIntrospecthelper(Object bean, String prop,
					String value, ServletRequest request,
                                        String param, boolean ignoreMethodNF)
					throws JasperException
    {
        Method method = null;
        Class type = null;
        Class propertyEditorClass = null;
	try {
	    java.beans.BeanInfo info
		= java.beans.Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass());
	    if ( info != null ) {
		java.beans.PropertyDescriptor pd[]
		    = info.getPropertyDescriptors();
		for (int i = 0 ; i < pd.length ; i++) {
		    if ( pd[i].getName().equals(prop) ) {
			method = pd[i].getWriteMethod();
			type   = pd[i].getPropertyType();
			propertyEditorClass = pd[i].getPropertyEditorClass();
			break;
		    }
		}
	    }
            if (method != null && type != null) {
		if (type.isArray()) {
                    if (request == null) {
			throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.failedSettingBeanIndexedProperty());
                    }
                    Class t = type.getComponentType();
		    String[] values = request.getParameterValues(param);
		    //XXX Please check.
		    if(values == null) return;
		    if(t.equals(String.class)) {
			method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { values });
		    } else {
			createTypedArray (prop, bean, method, values, t,
                                          propertyEditorClass);
		    }
		} else {
		    if(value == null || (param != null && value.equals(""))) return;
		    Object oval = convert(prop, value, type, propertyEditorClass);
		    if ( oval != null )
			method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { oval });
		}
	    }
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
	}
        if (!ignoreMethodNF && (method == null)) {
            if (type == null) {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotFindBeanProperty(prop, bean.getClass().getName()));
            } else {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotSetBeanProperty(prop, type.getName(), bean.getClass().getName()));
            }
        }
    }
    // __end introspecthelperMethod

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------
    // functions to convert builtin Java data types to string.
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------
    // __begin toStringMethod
    public static String toString(Object o) {
        return String.valueOf(o);
    }

    public static String toString(byte b) {
        return Byte.toString(b);
    }

    public static String toString(boolean b) {
        return Boolean.toString(b);
    }

    public static String toString(short s) {
        return Short.toString(s);
    }

    public static String toString(int i) {
        return Integer.toString(i);
    }

    public static String toString(float f) {
        return Float.toString(f);
    }

    public static String toString(long l) {
        return Long.toString(l);
    }

    public static String toString(double d) {
        return Double.toString(d);
    }

    public static String toString(char c) {
        return Character.toString(c);
    }
    // __end toStringMethod


    /**
     * Create a typed array.
     * This is a special case where params are passed through
     * the request and the property is indexed.
     */
    public static void createTypedArray(String propertyName,
					Object bean,
					Method method,
					String[] values,
                                        Class t,
                                        Class propertyEditorClass)
	        throws JasperException {

	try {
	    if (propertyEditorClass != null) {
		Object[] tmpval = new Integer[values.length];
		for (int i=0; i^()[]{}$\\\n";

    for(int index=0; index with EL expression for 'value' attribute
    public static void handleSetPropertyExpression(Object bean,
        String prop, String expression, PageContext pageContext,
	ProtectedFunctionMapper functionMapper )
        throws JasperException
    {
        try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] {
                PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate(
                    expression,
                    method.getParameterTypes()[0],
		    pageContext,
                    functionMapper)
            });
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
            throw new JasperException(ex);
        }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 Object value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
	    method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { value });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
	}
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 int value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Integer.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 short value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Short.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 long value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Long.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
        }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 double value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Double.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 float value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Float.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 char value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Character.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
        }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 byte value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Byte.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void handleSetProperty(Object bean, String prop,
					 boolean value)
	throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            Method method = getWriteMethod(bean.getClass(), prop);
            method.invoke(bean, new Object[] { Boolean.valueOf(value) });
	} catch (Exception ex) {
            Throwable thr = ExceptionUtils.unwrapInvocationTargetException(ex);
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(thr);
	    throw new JasperException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static Method getWriteMethod(Class beanClass, String prop)
    throws JasperException {
        Method method = null;
        Class type = null;
	try {
	    java.beans.BeanInfo info
                = java.beans.Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass);
	    if ( info != null ) {
		java.beans.PropertyDescriptor pd[]
		    = info.getPropertyDescriptors();
		for (int i = 0 ; i < pd.length ; i++) {
		    if ( pd[i].getName().equals(prop) ) {
			method = pd[i].getWriteMethod();
			type   = pd[i].getPropertyType();
			break;
		    }
		}
            } else {
                // just in case introspection silently fails.
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotFindBeanInfo(beanClass.getName()));
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new JasperException (ex);
        }
        if (method == null) {
            if (type == null) {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotFindBeanProperty(prop, beanClass.getName()));
            } else {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotSetBeanProperty(prop, type.getName(), beanClass.getName()));
            }
        }
        return method;
    }

    public static Method getReadMethod(Class beanClass, String prop)
	    throws JasperException {

        Method method = null;
        Class type = null;
        try {
            java.beans.BeanInfo info
                = java.beans.Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass);
            if ( info != null ) {
                java.beans.PropertyDescriptor pd[]
                    = info.getPropertyDescriptors();
                for (int i = 0 ; i < pd.length ; i++) {
                    if ( pd[i].getName().equals(prop) ) {
                        method = pd[i].getReadMethod();
                        type   = pd[i].getPropertyType();
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // just in case introspection silently fails.
		throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotFindBeanInfo(beanClass.getName()));
	    }
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    throw new JasperException (ex);
	}
        if (method == null) {
            if (type == null) {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotFindBeanProperty(prop, beanClass.getName()));
            } else {
                throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.cannotGetBeanProperty(prop, beanClass.getName()));
            }
        }

	return method;
    }

    //*********************************************************************
    // PropertyEditor Support

    public static Object getValueFromBeanInfoPropertyEditor(
                           Class attrClass, String attrName, String attrValue,
                           Class propertyEditorClass)
        throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            PropertyEditor pe =
                (PropertyEditor)propertyEditorClass.newInstance();
	    pe.setAsText(attrValue);
	    return pe.getValue();
	} catch (Exception ex) {
	    throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.errorConvertingBeanProperty
	            (attrValue, attrClass.getName(), attrName, ex.getMessage()));
	}
    }

    public static Object getValueFromPropertyEditorManager(
                     Class attrClass, String attrName, String attrValue)
        throws JasperException
    {
	try {
            PropertyEditor propEditor =
		PropertyEditorManager.findEditor(attrClass);
	    if (propEditor != null) {
		propEditor.setAsText(attrValue);
		return propEditor.getValue();
	    } else {
		throw MESSAGES.noRegisteredPropertyEditor();
	    }
	} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
	    throw new JasperException(MESSAGES.errorConvertingBeanProperty
                (attrValue, attrClass.getName(), attrName, ex.getMessage()));
	}
    }


    // ************************************************************************
    // General Purpose Runtime Methods
    // ************************************************************************


    /**
     * Convert a possibly relative resource path into a context-relative
     * resource path that starts with a '/'.
     *
     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
     * @param relativePath The possibly relative resource path
     */
    public static String getContextRelativePath(ServletRequest request,
                                                String relativePath) {

        if (relativePath.startsWith("/"))
            return (relativePath);
        if (!(request instanceof HttpServletRequest))
            return (relativePath);
        HttpServletRequest hrequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        String uri = (String) request.getAttribute(
                RequestDispatcher.INCLUDE_SERVLET_PATH);
        if (uri != null) {
            String pathInfo = (String)
                request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.INCLUDE_PATH_INFO);
            if (pathInfo == null) {
                if (uri.lastIndexOf('/') >= 0)
                    uri = uri.substring(0, uri.lastIndexOf('/'));
            }
        }
        else {
            uri = hrequest.getServletPath();
            if (uri.lastIndexOf('/') >= 0)
                uri = uri.substring(0, uri.lastIndexOf('/'));
        }
        return uri + '/' + relativePath;

    }


    /**
     * Perform a RequestDispatcher.include() operation, with optional flushing
     * of the response beforehand.
     *
     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
     * @param response The servlet response we are processing
     * @param relativePath The relative path of the resource to be included
     * @param out The Writer to whom we are currently writing
     * @param flush Should we flush before the include is processed?
     *
     * @exception IOException if thrown by the included servlet
     * @exception ServletException if thrown by the included servlet
     */
    public static void include(ServletRequest request,
                               ServletResponse response,
                               String relativePath,
                               JspWriter out,
                               boolean flush)
        throws IOException, ServletException {

        if (flush && !(out instanceof BodyContent))
            out.flush();

        // FIXME - It is tempting to use request.getRequestDispatcher() to
        // resolve a relative path directly, but Catalina currently does not
        // take into account whether the caller is inside a RequestDispatcher
        // include or not.  Whether Catalina *should* take that into account
        // is a spec issue currently under review.  In the mean time,
        // replicate Jasper's previous behavior

        String resourcePath = getContextRelativePath(request, relativePath);
        RequestDispatcher rd = request.getRequestDispatcher(resourcePath);

        rd.include(request,
                   new ServletResponseWrapperInclude(response, out));

    }

    /**
     * URL encodes a string, based on the supplied character encoding.
     * This performs the same function as java.next.URLEncode.encode
     * in J2SDK1.4, and should be removed if the only platform supported
     * is 1.4 or higher.
     * @param s The String to be URL encoded.
     * @param enc The character encoding
     * @return The URL encoded String
     */
    public static String URLEncode(String s, String enc) {

	if (s == null) {
	    return "null";
	}

	if (enc == null) {
            enc = "ISO-8859-1";        // The default request encoding
	}

	StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(s.length());
	ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
	OutputStreamWriter writer = null;
	try {
	    writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf, enc);
	} catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
	    // Use the default encoding?
	    writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
	    int c = s.charAt(i);
	    if (c == ' ') {
		out.append('+');
	    } else if (isSafeChar(c)) {
		out.append((char)c);
	    } else {
		// convert to external encoding before hex conversion
		try {
		    writer.write(c);
		    writer.flush();
		} catch(IOException e) {
		    buf.reset();
		    continue;
		}
		byte[] ba = buf.toByteArray();
		for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {
		    out.append('%');
		    // Converting each byte in the buffer
		    out.append(Character.forDigit((ba[j]>>4) & 0xf, 16));
		    out.append(Character.forDigit(ba[j] & 0xf, 16));
		}
		buf.reset();
	    }
	}
	return out.toString();
    }

    private static boolean isSafeChar(int c) {
	if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
	    return true;
	}
	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
	    return true;
	}
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
	    return true;
	}
	if (c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '!' ||
	    c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' || c == ')') {
	    return true;
	}
	return false;
    }

}




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