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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.summary;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.AbstractStorelessUnivariateStatistic;
import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.WeightedEvaluation;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;

/**
 * Returns the product of the available values.
 * 
 * If there are no values in the dataset, then 1 is returned.
 *  If any of the values are
 * NaN, then NaN is returned.
 * 
 * Note that this implementation is not synchronized. If
 * multiple threads access an instance of this class concurrently, and at least
 * one of the threads invokes the increment() or
 * clear() method, it must be synchronized externally.
 *
 */
public class Product extends AbstractStorelessUnivariateStatistic implements Serializable, WeightedEvaluation {

    /** Serializable version identifier */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2824226005990582538L;

    /**The number of values that have been added */
    private long n;

    /**
     * The current Running Product.
     */
    private double value;

    /**
     * Create a Product instance
     */
    public Product() {
        n = 0;
        value = 1;
    }

    /**
     * Copy constructor, creates a new {@code Product} identical
     * to the {@code original}
     *
     * @param original the {@code Product} instance to copy
     * @throws NullArgumentException  if original is null
     */
    public Product(Product original) throws NullArgumentException {
        copy(original, this);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void increment(final double d) {
        value *= d;
        n++;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public double getResult() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public long getN() {
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void clear() {
        value = 1;
        n = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the product of the entries in the specified portion of
     * the input array, or Double.NaN if the designated subarray
     * is empty.
     * 
     * Throws MathIllegalArgumentException if the array is null.
     *
     * @param values the input array
     * @param begin index of the first array element to include
     * @param length the number of elements to include
     * @return the product of the values or 1 if length = 0
     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if the array is null or the array index
     *  parameters are not valid
     */
    @Override
    public double evaluate(final double[] values, final int begin, final int length)
    throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
        double product = Double.NaN;
        if (test(values, begin, length, true)) {
            product = 1.0;
            for (int i = begin; i < begin + length; i++) {
                product *= values[i];
            }
        }
        return product;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the weighted product of the entries in the specified portion of
     * the input array, or Double.NaN if the designated subarray
     * is empty.
     *
     * Throws MathIllegalArgumentException if any of the following are true:
     * 
the values array is null
     *     the weights array is null
     *     the weights array does not have the same length as the values array
     *     the weights array contains one or more infinite values
     *     the weights array contains one or more NaN values
     *     the weights array contains negative values
     *     the start and length arguments do not determine a valid array
     * 

     *
     * Uses the formula, 
     *    weighted product = ∏values[i]^weights[i]
     * 
     * that is, the weights are applied as exponents when computing the weighted product.
     *
     * @param values the input array
     * @param weights the weights array
     * @param begin index of the first array element to include
     * @param length the number of elements to include
     * @return the product of the values or 1 if length = 0
     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if the parameters are not valid
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public double evaluate(final double[] values, final double[] weights,
        final int begin, final int length) throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
        double product = Double.NaN;
        if (test(values, weights, begin, length, true)) {
            product = 1.0;
            for (int i = begin; i < begin + length; i++) {
                product *= FastMath.pow(values[i], weights[i]);
            }
        }
        return product;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the weighted product of the entries in the input array.
     *
     * Throws MathIllegalArgumentException if any of the following are true:
     * 
the values array is null
     *     the weights array is null
     *     the weights array does not have the same length as the values array
     *     the weights array contains one or more infinite values
     *     the weights array contains one or more NaN values
     *     the weights array contains negative values
     * 

     *
     * Uses the formula, 
     *    weighted product = ∏values[i]^weights[i]
     * 
     * that is, the weights are applied as exponents when computing the weighted product.
     *
     * @param values the input array
     * @param weights the weights array
     * @return the product of the values or Double.NaN if length = 0
     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if the parameters are not valid
     * @since 2.1
     */
    public double evaluate(final double[] values, final double[] weights)
    throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
        return evaluate(values, weights, 0, values.length);
    }


    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public Product copy() {
        Product result = new Product();
        // No try-catch or advertised exception because args are valid
        copy(this, result);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Copies source to dest.
     * Neither source nor dest can be null.
     *
     * @param source Product to copy
     * @param dest Product to copy to
     * @throws NullArgumentException if either source or dest is null
     */
    public static void copy(Product source, Product dest)
        throws NullArgumentException {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(source);
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(dest);
        dest.setData(source.getDataRef());
        dest.n = source.n;
        dest.value = source.value;
    }

}