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With inspiration from other libraries
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# [email protected] for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
#
# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
#
# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
# +01 WAT West Africa Time
# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
# cannot now come up with solid citations.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# +03 EAT East Africa Time
# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
1:00 - CET
# Angola
# Benin
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Botswana
# See Africa/Maputo.
# Burkina Faso
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Burundi
# See Africa/Maputo.
# Cameroon
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
#
# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# merely made it official?
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
-2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
-1:00 - -01
# Central African Republic
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Chad
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Democratic Republic of the Congo
# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
# Republic of the Congo
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
# Djibouti
# See Africa/Nairobi.
###############################################################################
# Egypt
# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
#
# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
# or
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
#
# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Apr 23
# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
# Apr 24
# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
#
# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
# :59)
# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
#
# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
#
# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
# in September.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
# Information and Decision Support Center:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
#
# The Middle East News Agency
# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
# (at least today).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
# Ramadan.
#
# Arabic translation:
# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
# dates not yet announced....
# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
# least for 2015.
#
# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
# practice altogether in future years."
#
# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Eritrea
# Ethiopia
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Gabon
# See Africa/Lagos.
# Gambia
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Ghana
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
# Guinea
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Guinea-Bissau
#
# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
-1:00 - -01 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - +0230 1940
2:45 - +0245 1960
3:00 - EAT
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
# Lesotho
# See Africa/Johannesburg.
# Liberia
#
# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
#
# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
#
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
#
# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
#
# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
#
# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
# lastFri instead of lastSun).
# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
# cancelled yesterday....
# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Malawi
# See Africa/Maputo.
# Mali
# Mauritania
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Mauritius
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
# basis....
# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
# According to
# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
#
# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
# changes two days later.
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
#
# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
# The Government of Mauritius weblink
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
#
# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
# and end on 29 March 2009.
# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
# DST the coming summer...
#
# Some sources, in French:
# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
#
# Our wrap-up:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Morocco
# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
#
# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
#
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
# Presse:
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
#
# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
# spokesman.
# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
# According to this article:
# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
# (and republished here: )
# the changes occur at midnight:
#
# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
#
# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
# June 1st to Sept 27th.
#
# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
# published on the web.
#
# It's also confirmed here:
# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
# posted in English).
#
# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
# of September:
#
# One article about it (in French):
# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
#
# We have some further details posted here:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
# to many sources, such as
# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
# (French)
#
# Our summary:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
#
# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
#
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
#
# Example:
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
# (French)
# Our page:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
# ...Official links of change in morocco
# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
# +212.537.71.84.00
# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
# They said that
# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
# is the official publication to look at.
# They said that the decision was already taken.
#
# More articles in the press
# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
# They have it written in English here:
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
#
# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
# also been like that in the past.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
# except the month of Ramadan.
# or (brief)
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
# Seen Morocco change again:
# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
# comme annoncé précédemment."
# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
#
# Google translation, lightly edited:
# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
# source (French):
# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
# Source (french):
# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
#
# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
#
# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
# , 1997-07-22,
# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Rwanda
# See Africa/Maputo.
# St Helena
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
# on GMT, says the CIA
# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
# São Tomé and Príncipe
# Senegal
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - +04
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Sierra Leone
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Somalia
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# South Africa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
#
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
#
# From
# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
# South Sudan
Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
# Swaziland
# See Africa/Johannesburg.
# Tanzania
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Togo
# See Africa/Abidjan.
# Tunisia
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
# , in a story attributed to AP
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
# Saturday." (My translation)
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# 1h standard time.
#
# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
# (Arabic)
# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
#
# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
#
# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
#
# (in English)
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
#
# (in Arabic)
# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
#
# (translation):
# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
# Sunday...
# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
#
# (in Arabic)
# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
# See Africa/Nairobi.
# Zambia
# Zimbabwe
# See Africa/Maputo.