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package javax.xml.bind;

import org.w3c.dom.Node;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * 

* The JAXBContext class provides the client's entry point to the * JAXB API. It provides an abstraction for managing the XML/Java binding * information necessary to implement the JAXB binding framework operations: * unmarshal, marshal and validate. * *

A client application normally obtains new instances of this class using * one of these two styles for newInstance methods, although there are other * specialized forms of the method available: * *

    *
  • {@link #newInstance(String,ClassLoader) JAXBContext.newInstance( "com.acme.foo:com.acme.bar" )}
    * The JAXBContext instance is initialized from a list of colon * separated Java package names. Each java package contains * JAXB mapped classes, schema-derived classes and/or user annotated * classes. Additionally, the java package may contain JAXB package annotations * that must be processed. (see JLS, Section 7.4.1 "Named Packages"). *
  • *
  • {@link #newInstance(Class...) JAXBContext.newInstance( com.acme.foo.Foo.class )}
    * The JAXBContext instance is intialized with class(es) * passed as parameter(s) and classes that are statically reachable from * these class(es). See {@link #newInstance(Class...)} for details. *
  • *
* *

* SPEC REQUIREMENT: the provider must supply an implementation * class containing the following method signatures: * *

 * public static JAXBContext createContext( String contextPath, ClassLoader classLoader, Map<String,Object> properties ) throws JAXBException
 * public static JAXBContext createContext( Class[] classes, Map<String,Object> properties ) throws JAXBException
 * 
* *

* The following JAXB 1.0 requirement is only required for schema to * java interface/implementation binding. It does not apply to JAXB annotated * classes. JAXB Providers must generate a jaxb.properties file in * each package containing schema derived classes. The property file must * contain a property named javax.xml.bind.context.factory whose * value is the name of the class that implements the createContext * APIs. * *

* The class supplied by the provider does not have to be assignable to * javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext, it simply has to provide a class that * implements the createContext APIs. * *

* In addition, the provider must call the * {@link DatatypeConverter#setDatatypeConverter(DatatypeConverterInterface) * DatatypeConverter.setDatatypeConverter} api prior to any client * invocations of the marshal and unmarshal methods. This is necessary to * configure the datatype converter that will be used during these operations. * * *

Unmarshalling

*

* The {@link Unmarshaller} class provides the client application the ability * to convert XML data into a tree of Java content objects. * The unmarshal method allows for * any global XML element declared in the schema to be unmarshalled as * the root of an instance document. * Additionally, the unmarshal method allows for an unrecognized root element that * has an xsi:type attribute's value that references a type definition declared in * the schema to be unmarshalled as the root of an instance document. * The JAXBContext object * allows the merging of global elements and type definitions across a set of schemas (listed * in the contextPath). Since each schema in the schema set can belong * to distinct namespaces, the unification of schemas to an unmarshalling * context should be namespace independent. This means that a client * application is able to unmarshal XML documents that are instances of * any of the schemas listed in the contextPath. For example: * *

 *        JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance( "com.acme.foo:com.acme.bar" );
 *        Unmarshaller u = jc.createUnmarshaller();
 *        FooObject fooObj = (FooObject)u.unmarshal( new File( "foo.xml" ) ); // ok
 *        BarObject barObj = (BarObject)u.unmarshal( new File( "bar.xml" ) ); // ok
 *        BazObject bazObj = (BazObject)u.unmarshal( new File( "baz.xml" ) ); // error, "com.acme.baz" not in contextPath
 * 
* *

* The client application may also generate Java content trees explicitly rather * than unmarshalling existing XML data. For all JAXB-annotated value classes, * an application can create content using constructors. * For schema-derived interface/implementation classes and for the * creation of elements that are not bound to a JAXB-annotated * class, an application needs to have access and knowledge about each of * the schema derived ObjectFactory classes that exist in each of * java packages contained in the contextPath. For each schema * derived java class, there is a static factory method that produces objects * of that type. For example, * assume that after compiling a schema, you have a package com.acme.foo * that contains a schema derived interface named PurchaseOrder. In * order to create objects of that type, the client application would use the * factory method like this: * *

 *       com.acme.foo.PurchaseOrder po = 
 *           com.acme.foo.ObjectFactory.createPurchaseOrder();
 * 
* *

* Once the client application has an instance of the the schema derived object, * it can use the mutator methods to set content on it. * *

* For more information on the generated ObjectFactory classes, see * Section 4.2 Java Package of the specification. * *

* SPEC REQUIREMENT: the provider must generate a class in each * package that contains all of the necessary object factory methods for that * package named ObjectFactory as well as the static * newInstance( javaContentInterface ) method * *

Marshalling

*

* The {@link Marshaller} class provides the client application the ability * to convert a Java content tree back into XML data. There is no difference * between marshalling a content tree that is created manually using the factory * methods and marshalling a content tree that is the result an unmarshal * operation. Clients can marshal a java content tree back to XML data * to a java.io.OutputStream or a java.io.Writer. The * marshalling process can alternatively produce SAX2 event streams to a * registered ContentHandler or produce a DOM Node object. * Client applications have control over the output encoding as well as * whether or not to marshal the XML data as a complete document or * as a fragment. * *

* Here is a simple example that unmarshals an XML document and then marshals * it back out: * *

 *        JAXBContext jc = JAXBContext.newInstance( "com.acme.foo" );
 *
 *        // unmarshal from foo.xml
 *        Unmarshaller u = jc.createUnmarshaller();
 *        FooObject fooObj = (FooObject)u.unmarshal( new File( "foo.xml" ) );
 *
 *        // marshal to System.out
 *        Marshaller m = jc.createMarshaller();
 *        m.marshal( fooObj, System.out );
 * 
* * *

Validation

*

* Validation has been changed significantly since JAXB 1.0. The {@link Validator} * class has been deprecated and made optional. This means that you are advised * not to use this class and, in fact, it may not even be available depending on * your JAXB provider. JAXB 1.0 client applications that rely on Validator * will still work properly when deployed with the JAXB 1.0 runtime system. * * In JAXB 2.0, the {@link Unmarshaller} has included convenince methods that expose * the JAXP 1.3 {@link javax.xml.validation} framework. Please refer to the * {@link Unmarshaller#setSchema(javax.xml.validation.Schema)} API for more * information. * * *

JAXB Runtime Binding Framework Compatibility

*

* The following JAXB 1.0 restriction only applies to binding schema to * interfaces/implementation classes. * Since this binding does not require a common runtime system, a JAXB * client application must not attempt to mix runtime objects (JAXBContext, * Marshaller, etc. ) from different providers. This does not * mean that the client application isn't portable, it simply means that a * client has to use a runtime system provided by the same provider that was * used to compile the schema. * * *

Discovery of JAXB implementation

*

* When one of the newInstance methods is called, a JAXB implementation is discovered * by the following steps. * *

    *
  1. * For each package/class explicitly passed in to the {@link #newInstance} method, in the order they are specified, * jaxb.properties file is looked up in its package, by using the associated classloader — * this is {@link Class#getClassLoader() the owner class loader} for a {@link Class} argument, and for a package * the speified {@link ClassLoader}. * *

    * If such a file is discovered, it is {@link Properties#load(InputStream) loaded} as a property file, and * the value of the {@link #JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY} key will be assumed to be the provider factory class. * This class is then loaded by the associated classloader discussed above. * *

    * This phase of the look up allows some packages to force the use of a certain JAXB implementation. * (For example, perhaps the schema compiler has generated some vendor extension in the code.) * *

  2. * If the system property {@link #JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY} exists, then its value is assumed to be the provider * factory class. This phase of the look up enables per-JVM override of the JAXB implementation. * *
  3. * Look for /META-INF/services/javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext file in the associated classloader. * This file follows the standard service descriptor convention, and if such a file exists, its content * is assumed to be the provider factory class. This phase of the look up is for automatic discovery. * It allows users to just put a JAXB implementation in a classpath and use it without any furhter configuration. * *
  4. * Finally, if all the steps above fail, then the rest of the look up is unspecified. That said, * the recommended behavior is to simply look for some hard-coded platform default JAXB implementation. * This phase of the look up is so that JavaSE can have its own JAXB implementation as the last resort. *
* *

* Once the provider factory class is discovered, its * public static JAXBContext createContext(String,ClassLoader,Map) method * (see {@link #newInstance(String, ClassLoader, Map)} for the parameter semantics.) * or public static JAXBContext createContet(Class[],Map) method * (see {@link #newInstance(Class[], Map)} for the parameter semantics) are invoked * to create a {@link JAXBContext}. * * @author

  • Ryan Shoemaker, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
  • Kohsuke Kawaguchi, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
  • Joe Fialli, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
* @see Marshaller * @see Unmarshaller * @see S 7.4.1 "Named Packages" in Java Language Specification * @since JAXB1.0 */ public abstract class JAXBContext { /** * The name of the property that contains the name of the class capable * of creating new JAXBContext objects. */ public static final String JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY = "javax.xml.bind.context.factory"; protected JAXBContext() { } /** *

* Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. * *

* This is a convenience method to invoke the * {@link #newInstance(String,ClassLoader)} method with * the context class loader of the current thread. * * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * JAXBContext such as *

    *
  1. failure to locate either ObjectFactory.class or jaxb.index in the packages
  2. *
  3. an ambiguity among global elements contained in the contextPath
  4. *
  5. failure to locate a value for the context factory provider property
  6. *
  7. mixing schema derived packages from different providers on the same contextPath
  8. *
*/ public static JAXBContext newInstance( String contextPath ) throws JAXBException { //return newInstance( contextPath, JAXBContext.class.getClassLoader() ); return newInstance( contextPath, getContextClassLoader()); } /** *

* Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. * *

* The client application must supply a context path which is a list of * colon (':', \u005Cu003A) separated java package names that contain * schema-derived classes and/or fully qualified JAXB-annotated classes. * Schema-derived * code is registered with the JAXBContext by the * ObjectFactory.class generated per package. * Alternatively than being listed in the context path, programmer * annotated JAXB mapped classes can be listed in a * jaxb.index resource file, format described below. * Note that a java package can contain both schema-derived classes and * user annotated JAXB classes. Additionally, the java package may * contain JAXB package annotations that must be processed. (see JLS, * Section 7.4.1 "Named Packages"). *

* *

* Every package listed on the contextPath must meet one or both of the * following conditions otherwise a JAXBException will be thrown: *

*
    *
  1. it must contain ObjectFactory.class
  2. *
  3. it must contain jaxb.index
  4. *
* *

* Format for jaxb.index *

* The file contains a newline-separated list of class names. * Space and tab characters, as well as blank * lines, are ignored. The comment character * is '#' (0x23); on each line all characters following the first comment * character are ignored. The file must be encoded in UTF-8. Classes that * are reachable, as defined in {@link #newInstance(Class...)}, from the * listed classes are also registered with JAXBContext. *

* Constraints on class name occuring in a jaxb.index file are: *

    *
  • Must not end with ".class".
  • *
  • Class names are resolved relative to package containing * jaxb.index file. Only classes occuring directly in package * containing jaxb.index file are allowed.
  • *
  • Fully qualified class names are not allowed. * A qualified class name,relative to current package, * is only allowed to specify a nested or inner class.
  • *
* *

* To maintain compatibility with JAXB 1.0 schema to java * interface/implementation binding, enabled by schema customization * <jaxb:globalBindings valueClass="false">, * the JAXB provider will ensure that each package on the context path * has a jaxb.properties file which contains a value for the * javax.xml.bind.context.factory property and that all values * resolve to the same provider. This requirement does not apply to * JAXB annotated classes. * *

* If there are any global XML element name collisions across the various * packages listed on the contextPath, a JAXBException * will be thrown. * *

* Mixing generated interface/impl bindings from multiple JAXB Providers * in the same context path may result in a JAXBException * being thrown. * *

* The steps involved in discovering the JAXB implementation is discussed in the class javadoc. * * @param contextPath list of java package names that contain schema * derived class and/or java to schema (JAXB-annotated) * mapped classes * @param classLoader * This class loader will be used to locate the implementation * classes. * * @return a new instance of a JAXBContext * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * JAXBContext such as *

    *
  1. failure to locate either ObjectFactory.class or jaxb.index in the packages
  2. *
  3. an ambiguity among global elements contained in the contextPath
  4. *
  5. failure to locate a value for the context factory provider property
  6. *
  7. mixing schema derived packages from different providers on the same contextPath
  8. *
*/ public static JAXBContext newInstance( String contextPath, ClassLoader classLoader ) throws JAXBException { return newInstance(contextPath,classLoader,Collections.emptyMap()); } /** *

* Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. * *

* This is mostly the same as {@link JAXBContext#newInstance(String, ClassLoader)}, * but this version allows you to pass in provider-specific properties to configure * the instantiation of {@link JAXBContext}. * *

* The interpretation of properties is up to implementations. Implementations should * throw JAXBException if it finds properties that it doesn't understand. * * @param contextPath list of java package names that contain schema derived classes * @param classLoader * This class loader will be used to locate the implementation classes. * @param properties * provider-specific properties. Can be null, which means the same thing as passing * in an empty map. * * @return a new instance of a JAXBContext * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * JAXBContext such as *

    *
  1. failure to locate either ObjectFactory.class or jaxb.index in the packages
  2. *
  3. an ambiguity among global elements contained in the contextPath
  4. *
  5. failure to locate a value for the context factory provider property
  6. *
  7. mixing schema derived packages from different providers on the same contextPath
  8. *
* @since JAXB2.0 */ public static JAXBContext newInstance( String contextPath, ClassLoader classLoader, Map properties ) throws JAXBException { return ContextFinder.find( /* The default property name according to the JAXB spec */ JAXB_CONTEXT_FACTORY, /* the context path supplied by the client app */ contextPath, /* class loader to be used */ classLoader, properties ); } // TODO: resurrect this once we introduce external annotations // /** // *

// * Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. // * // *

// * The client application must supply a list of classes that the new // * context object needs to recognize. // * // * Not only the new context will recognize all the classes specified, // * but it will also recognize any classes that are directly/indirectly // * referenced statically from the specified classes. // * // * For example, in the following Java code, if you do // * newInstance(Foo.class), the newly created {@link JAXBContext} // * will recognize both Foo and Bar, but not Zot: // *

//     * class Foo {
//     *      Bar b;
//     * }
//     * class Bar { int x; }
//     * class Zot extends Bar { int y; }
//     * 
// * // * Therefore, a typical client application only needs to specify the // * top-level classes, but it needs to be careful. // * // * TODO: if we are to define other mechanisms, refer to them. // * // * @param externalBindings // * list of external binding files. Can be null or empty if none is used. // * when specified, those files determine how the classes are bound. // * // * @param classesToBeBound // * list of java classes to be recognized by the new {@link JAXBContext}. // * Can be empty, in which case a {@link JAXBContext} that only knows about // * spec-defined classes will be returned. // * // * @return // * A new instance of a JAXBContext. Always non-null valid object. // * // * @throws JAXBException // * if an error was encountered while creating the // * JAXBContext, such as (but not limited to): // *
    // *
  1. No JAXB implementation was discovered // *
  2. Classes use JAXB annotations incorrectly // *
  3. Classes have colliding annotations (i.e., two classes with the same type name) // *
  4. Specified external bindings are incorrect // *
  5. The JAXB implementation was unable to locate // * provider-specific out-of-band information (such as additional // * files generated at the development time.) // *
// * // * @throws IllegalArgumentException // * if the parameter contains {@code null} (i.e., {@code newInstance(null);}) // * // * @since JAXB2.0 // */ // public static JAXBContext newInstance( Source[] externalBindings, Class... classesToBeBound ) // throws JAXBException { // // // empty class list is not an error, because the context will still include // // spec-specified classes like String and Integer. // // if(classesToBeBound.length==0) // // throw new IllegalArgumentException(); // // // but it is an error to have nulls in it. // for( int i=classesToBeBound.length-1; i>=0; i-- ) // if(classesToBeBound[i]==null) // throw new IllegalArgumentException(); // // return ContextFinder.find(externalBindings,classesToBeBound); // } /** *

* Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. * *

* The client application must supply a list of classes that the new * context object needs to recognize. * * Not only the new context will recognize all the classes specified, * but it will also recognize any classes that are directly/indirectly * referenced statically from the specified classes. Subclasses of * referenced classes nor @XmlTransient referenced classes * are not registered with JAXBContext. * * For example, in the following Java code, if you do * newInstance(Foo.class), the newly created {@link JAXBContext} * will recognize both Foo and Bar, but not Zot or FooBar: *

     * class Foo {
     *      @XmlTransient FooBar c;
     *      Bar b;
     * }
     * class Bar { int x; }
     * class Zot extends Bar { int y; }
     * class FooBar { }
     * 
* * Therefore, a typical client application only needs to specify the * top-level classes, but it needs to be careful. * *

* Note that for each java package registered with JAXBContext, * when the optional package annotations exist, they must be processed. * (see JLS, Section 7.4.1 "Named Packages"). * *

* The steps involved in discovering the JAXB implementation is discussed in the class javadoc. * * @param classesToBeBound * list of java classes to be recognized by the new {@link JAXBContext}. * Can be empty, in which case a {@link JAXBContext} that only knows about * spec-defined classes will be returned. * * @return * A new instance of a JAXBContext. Always non-null valid object. * * @throws JAXBException * if an error was encountered while creating the * JAXBContext, such as (but not limited to): *

    *
  1. No JAXB implementation was discovered *
  2. Classes use JAXB annotations incorrectly *
  3. Classes have colliding annotations (i.e., two classes with the same type name) *
  4. The JAXB implementation was unable to locate * provider-specific out-of-band information (such as additional * files generated at the development time.) *
* * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the parameter contains {@code null} (i.e., {@code newInstance(null);}) * * @since JAXB2.0 */ public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class... classesToBeBound ) throws JAXBException { return newInstance(classesToBeBound,Collections.emptyMap()); } /** *

* Obtain a new instance of a JAXBContext class. * *

* An overloading of {@link JAXBContext#newInstance(Class...)} * to configure 'properties' for this instantiation of {@link JAXBContext}. * *

* The interpretation of properties is up to implementations. Implementations should * throw JAXBException if it finds properties that it doesn't understand. * * @param classesToBeBound * list of java classes to be recognized by the new {@link JAXBContext}. * Can be empty, in which case a {@link JAXBContext} that only knows about * spec-defined classes will be returned. * @param properties * provider-specific properties. Can be null, which means the same thing as passing * in an empty map. * * @return * A new instance of a JAXBContext. Always non-null valid object. * * @throws JAXBException * if an error was encountered while creating the * JAXBContext, such as (but not limited to): *

    *
  1. No JAXB implementation was discovered *
  2. Classes use JAXB annotations incorrectly *
  3. Classes have colliding annotations (i.e., two classes with the same type name) *
  4. The JAXB implementation was unable to locate * provider-specific out-of-band information (such as additional * files generated at the development time.) *
* * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the parameter contains {@code null} (i.e., {@code newInstance(null,someMap);}) * * @since JAXB2.0 */ public static JAXBContext newInstance( Class[] classesToBeBound, Map properties ) throws JAXBException { if (classesToBeBound == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); // but it is an error to have nulls in it. for( int i=classesToBeBound.length-1; i>=0; i-- ) if(classesToBeBound[i]==null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); return ContextFinder.find(classesToBeBound,properties); } /** * Create an Unmarshaller object that can be used to convert XML * data into a java content tree. * * @return an Unmarshaller object * * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * Unmarshaller object */ public abstract Unmarshaller createUnmarshaller() throws JAXBException; /** * Create a Marshaller object that can be used to convert a * java content tree into XML data. * * @return a Marshaller object * * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * Marshaller object */ public abstract Marshaller createMarshaller() throws JAXBException; /** * {@link Validator} has been made optional and deprecated in JAXB 2.0. Please * refer to the javadoc for {@link Validator} for more detail. *

* Create a Validator object that can be used to validate a * java content tree against its source schema. * * @return a Validator object * * @throws JAXBException if an error was encountered while creating the * Validator object * @deprecated since JAXB2.0 */ public abstract Validator createValidator() throws JAXBException; /** * Creates a Binder object that can be used for * associative/in-place unmarshalling/marshalling. * * @param domType select the DOM API to use by passing in its DOM Node class. * * @return always a new valid Binder object. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * if DOM API corresponding to domType is not supported by * the implementation. * * @since JAXB2.0 */ public Binder createBinder(Class domType) { // to make JAXB 1.0 implementations work, this method must not be // abstract throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Creates a Binder for W3C DOM. * * @return always a new valid Binder object. * * @since JAXB2.0 */ public Binder createBinder() { return createBinder(Node.class); } /** * Creates a JAXBIntrospector object that can be used to * introspect JAXB objects. * * @return * always return a non-null valid JAXBIntrospector object. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * Calling this method on JAXB 1.0 implementations will throw * an UnsupportedOperationException. * * @since JAXB2.0 */ public JAXBIntrospector createJAXBIntrospector() { // to make JAXB 1.0 implementations work, this method must not be // abstract throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } /** * Generates the schema documents for this context. * * @param outputResolver * this object controls the output to which schemas * will be sent. * * @throws IOException * if {@link SchemaOutputResolver} throws an {@link IOException}. * * @throws UnsupportedOperationException * Calling this method on JAXB 1.0 implementations will throw * an UnsupportedOperationException. * * @since JAXB 2.0 */ public void generateSchema(SchemaOutputResolver outputResolver) throws IOException { // to make JAXB 1.0 implementations work, this method must not be // abstract throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } private static ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() { if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) { return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } else { return (ClassLoader) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( new java.security.PrivilegedAction() { public java.lang.Object run() { return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } }); } } }





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