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/*
* Copyright 2007 Daniel Spiewak
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package net.java.ao;
import com.atlassian.plugin.util.PluginKeyStack;
import com.atlassian.util.profiling.Ticker;
import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ExecutionError;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
import net.java.ao.db.MySQLDatabaseProvider;
import net.java.ao.db.PostgreSQLDatabaseProvider;
import net.java.ao.schema.CachingNameConverters;
import net.java.ao.schema.FieldNameConverter;
import net.java.ao.schema.NameConverters;
import net.java.ao.schema.SchemaGenerator;
import net.java.ao.schema.TableNameConverter;
import net.java.ao.schema.info.EntityInfo;
import net.java.ao.schema.info.EntityInfoResolver;
import net.java.ao.schema.info.FieldInfo;
import net.java.ao.types.LogicalType;
import net.java.ao.types.TypeInfo;
import net.java.ao.util.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
import static com.atlassian.util.profiling.Metrics.metric;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
import static net.java.ao.Common.getValueFieldsNames;
import static net.java.ao.Common.preloadValue;
import static net.java.ao.sql.SqlUtils.closeQuietly;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils.contains;
/**
* The root control class for the entire ActiveObjects API. EntityManager is the source of all {@link
* RawEntity} objects, as well as the dispatch layer between the entities, the pluggable table name converters, and the
* database abstraction layers. This is the entry point for any use of the API.
*
* EntityManager is designed to be used in an instance fashion with each instance corresponding to a
* single database. Thus, rather than a singleton instance or a static factory method, EntityManager does
* have a proper constructor. Any static instance management is left up to the developer using the API.
*
* @author Daniel Spiewak
*/
public class EntityManager {
private static final String DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME = "db.ao.entityManager";
private static final String ENTITY_TYPE_TAG = "entityType";
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EntityManager.class);
private final DatabaseProvider provider;
private final EntityManagerConfiguration configuration;
private final SchemaConfiguration schemaConfiguration;
private final NameConverters nameConverters;
private final EntityInfoResolver entityInfoResolver;
private PolymorphicTypeMapper typeMapper;
private final ReadWriteLock typeMapperLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);
private final LoadingCache>, ValueGenerator> valGenCache;
/**
* Creates a new instance of EntityManager using the specified {@link DatabaseProvider}.
*
* @param provider the {@link DatabaseProvider} to use in all database operations.
* @param configuration the configuration for this entity manager
*/
public EntityManager(DatabaseProvider provider, EntityManagerConfiguration configuration) {
this.provider = requireNonNull(provider, "provider can't be null");
this.configuration = requireNonNull(configuration);
valGenCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().build(new CacheLoader>, ValueGenerator>() {
@Override
public ValueGenerator load(Class> generatorClass) throws Exception {
return generatorClass.newInstance();
}
});
// TODO: move caching out of there!
nameConverters = new CachingNameConverters(configuration.getNameConverters());
schemaConfiguration = requireNonNull(configuration.getSchemaConfiguration(), "schema configuration can't be null");
typeMapper = new DefaultPolymorphicTypeMapper(new HashMap>, String>());
entityInfoResolver = requireNonNull(configuration.getEntityInfoResolverFactory().create(nameConverters, provider.getTypeManager()), "entityInfoResolver");
}
/**
* Convenience method to create the schema for the specified entities using the current settings (table/field name
* converter and database provider).
*
* @param entities the "list" of entity classes to consider for migration.
* @see SchemaGenerator#migrate(DatabaseProvider, SchemaConfiguration, NameConverters, boolean, Class[])
*/
public void migrate(Class>... entities) throws SQLException {
SchemaGenerator.migrate(provider, schemaConfiguration, nameConverters, false, entities);
}
/**
* Convenience method to create the schema for the specified entities using the current settings (table/field name
* converter and database provider). Note that if the given entities do not include the full set of entities, or
* those entities have removed any fields, then the corresponding tables or columns will be dropped, and any data
* they contained will be lost. Use this at your own risk.
*
* @param entities the "list" of entity classes to consider for migration.
* @see SchemaGenerator#migrate(DatabaseProvider, SchemaConfiguration, NameConverters, boolean, Class[])
*/
public void migrateDestructively(Class>... entities) throws SQLException {
SchemaGenerator.migrate(provider, schemaConfiguration, nameConverters, true, entities);
}
/**
* @deprecated since 0.23. EntityManager now no longer caches entities.
* use {@link #flush(RawEntity[])} to flush values for individual entities
*/
@Deprecated
public void flushAll() {
// no-op
}
/**
* @deprecated since 0.23. EntityManager now no longer caches entities.
* use {@link #flush(RawEntity[])} to flush values for individual entities
*/
@Deprecated
public void flushEntityCache() {
// no-op
}
/**
* @deprecated since 0.25. Entities and values now no longer cached.
*/
@Deprecated
public void flush(RawEntity... entities) {
// no-op
}
/**
* Returns an array of entities of the specified type corresponding to the
* varargs primary keys. If an in-memory reference already exists to a corresponding
* entity (of the specified type and key), it is returned rather than creating
* a new instance.
*
* If the entity is known to exist in the database, then no checks are performed
* and the method returns extremely quickly. However, for any key which has not
* already been verified, a query to the database is performed to determine whether
* or not the entity exists. If the entity does not exist, then null
* is returned.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param keys The primary keys corresponding to the entities to retrieve. All
* keys must be typed according to the generic type parameter of the entity's
* {@link RawEntity} inheritence (if inheriting from {@link Entity}, this is Integer
* or int). Thus, the keys array is type-checked at compile
* time.
* @return An array of entities of the given type corresponding with the specified
* primary keys. Any entities which are non-existent will correspond to a null
* value in the resulting array.
*/
public , K> T[] get(final Class type, K... keys) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".get")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
final String primaryKeyField = entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName();
return get(type, findByPrimaryKey(type, primaryKeyField), keys);
}
}
private , K> Function findByPrimaryKey(final Class type, final String primaryKeyField) {
return new Function() {
@Override
public T invoke(K k) throws SQLException {
final T[] ts = find(type, primaryKeyField + " = ?", k);
if (ts.length == 1) {
return ts[0];
} else if (ts.length == 0) {
return null;
} else {
throw new ActiveObjectsException("Found more that one object of type '" + type.getName() + "' for key '" + k + "'");
}
}
};
}
protected , K> T[] peer(final EntityInfo entityInfo, K... keys) throws SQLException {
return get(entityInfo.getEntityType(), new Function() {
public T invoke(K key) {
return getAndInstantiate(entityInfo, key);
}
}, keys);
}
private , K> T[] get(Class type, Function create, K... keys) throws SQLException {
//noinspection unchecked
T[] back = (T[]) Array.newInstance(type, keys.length);
int index = 0;
for (K key : keys) {
back[index++] = create.invoke(key);
}
return back;
}
/**
* Creates a new instance of the entity of the specified type corresponding to the given primary key. This is used
* by {@link #get(Class, Object[])}} to create the entity.
*
* @param entityInfo The type of the entity to create.
* @param key The primary key corresponding to the entity instance required.
* @return An entity instance of the specified type and primary key.
*/
protected , K> T getAndInstantiate(EntityInfo entityInfo, K key) {
Class type = entityInfo.getEntityType();
EntityProxy proxy = new EntityProxy(this, entityInfo, key);
T entity = type.cast(Proxy.newProxyInstance(type.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{type, EntityProxyAccessor.class}, proxy));
return entity;
}
/**
* Cleverly overloaded method to return a single entity of the specified type rather than an array in the case where
* only one ID is passed. This method meerly delegates the call to the overloaded get method and
* functions as syntactical sugar.
*
* @param type The type of the entity instance to retrieve.
* @param key The primary key corresponding to the entity to be retrieved.
* @return An entity instance of the given type corresponding to the specified primary key, or null if
* the entity does not exist in the database.
* @see #get(Class, Object[])
*/
public , K> T get(Class type, K key) throws SQLException {
return get(type, toArray(key))[0];
}
protected , K> T peer(EntityInfo entityInfo, K key) throws SQLException {
if (null == key) {
return null;
}
return peer(entityInfo, toArray(key))[0];
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static K[] toArray(K key) {
return (K[]) new Object[]{key};
}
/**
* Creates a new entity of the specified type with the optionally specified
* initial parameters. This method actually inserts a row into the table represented
* by the entity type and returns the entity instance which corresponds to that
* row.
*
* The {@link DBParam} object parameters are designed to allow the creation
* of entities which have non-null fields which have no defalut or auto-generated
* value. Insertion of a row without such field values would of course fail,
* thus the need for db params. The db params can also be used to set
* the values for any field in the row, leading to more compact code under
* certain circumstances.
*
* Unless within a transaction, this method will commit to the database
* immediately and exactly once per call. Thus, care should be taken in
* the creation of large numbers of entities. There doesn't seem to be a more
* efficient way to create large numbers of entities, however one should still
* be aware of the performance implications.
*
* This method delegates the action INSERT action to
* {@link DatabaseProvider#insertReturningKey}.
* This is necessary because not all databases support the JDBC RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
* constant (e.g. PostgreSQL and HSQLDB). Thus, the database provider itself is
* responsible for handling INSERTion and retrieval of the correct primary key
* value.
*
* @param type The type of the entity to INSERT.
* @param params An optional varargs array of initial values for the fields in the row. These
* values will be passed to the database within the INSERT statement.
* @return The new entity instance corresponding to the INSERTed row.
* @see net.java.ao.DBParam
*/
public , K> T create(Class type, DBParam... params) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".create")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
T back = null;
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
final String table = entityInfo.getName();
Set listParams = new HashSet<>();
listParams.addAll(Arrays.asList(params));
final Collection fieldsInfoWithGenerators = entityInfo.getFields()
.stream()
.filter(FieldInfo.HAS_GENERATOR)
.collect(toSet());
for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfoWithGenerators) {
ValueGenerator generator;
try {
generator = valGenCache.get(fieldInfo.getGeneratorType());
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw Throwables.propagate(e.getCause());
} catch (UncheckedExecutionException e) {
throw Throwables.propagate(e.getCause());
} catch (ExecutionError e) {
throw Throwables.propagate(e.getCause());
}
listParams.add(new DBParam(fieldInfo.getName(), generator.generateValue(this)));
}
final Set requiredFields = entityInfo.getFields()
.stream()
.filter(FieldInfo.IS_REQUIRED)
.collect(toSet());
for (DBParam param : listParams) {
FieldInfo field = entityInfo.getField(param.getField());
requireNonNull(field, format("Entity %s does not have field %s", type.getName(), param.getField()));
if (field.isPrimary()) {
//noinspection unchecked
Common.validatePrimaryKey(field, param.getValue());
} else if (!field.isNullable()) {
Validate.isTrue(param.getValue() != null, "Cannot set non-null field %s to null", param.getField());
if (param.getValue() instanceof String) {
Validate.isTrue(!StringUtils.isBlank((String) param.getValue()), "Cannot set non-null String field %s to ''", param.getField());
}
}
requiredFields.remove(field);
final TypeInfo dbType = field.getTypeInfo();
if (dbType != null && param.getValue() != null) {
dbType.getLogicalType().validate(param.getValue());
}
}
if (!requiredFields.isEmpty()) {
final String requiredFieldsAsString = requiredFields
.stream()
.map(Object::toString)
.collect(joining(", "));
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The follow required fields were not set when trying to create entity '" + type.getName() + "', those fields are: " + requiredFieldsAsString);
}
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = provider.getConnection();
back = peer(entityInfo, provider.insertReturningKey(this, connection,
type,
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getJavaType(),
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName(),
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().hasAutoIncrement(),
table, listParams.toArray(new DBParam[listParams.size()])));
} finally {
closeQuietly(connection);
}
back.init();
return back;
}
}
/**
* Creates and INSERTs a new entity of the specified type with the given map of parameters. This method merely
* delegates to the {@link #create(Class, DBParam...)} method. The idea behind having a separate convenience method
* taking a map is in circumstances with large numbers of parameters or for people familiar with the anonymous inner
* class constructor syntax who might be more comfortable with creating a map than with passing a number of
* objects.
*
* @param type The type of the entity to INSERT.
* @param params A map of parameters to pass to the INSERT.
* @return The new entity instance corresponding to the INSERTed row.
* @see #create(Class, DBParam...)
*/
public , K> T create(Class type, Map params) throws SQLException {
DBParam[] arrParams = new DBParam[params.size()];
int i = 0;
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
arrParams[i++] = new DBParam(key, params.get(key));
}
return create(type, arrParams);
}
/**
* Creates and INSERTs a batch of new entities represented by {@code rows} of the given type. Each entity
* corresponds to a single row.
*
* @param type The type of the entity to INSERT.
* @param rows A list of rows to be INSERTed. A row is represented as a map from column name to its value.
* All rows must have the same columns.
*/
public , K> void create(Class type, List> rows) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".create")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
final String table = entityInfo.getName();
List> injectedRows = injectAutoGeneratedFields(rows, entityInfo);
validateRequiredFields(injectedRows, entityInfo);
try (Connection connection = provider.getConnection()) {
provider.insertBatch(this, connection,
type,
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getJavaType(),
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName(),
entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().hasAutoIncrement(),
table, injectedRows);
}
}
}
private , K> void validateRequiredFields(List> rows, EntityInfo entityInfo) {
for (Map row : rows) {
Set requiredFields = entityInfo.getFields()
.stream()
.filter(FieldInfo.IS_REQUIRED)
.collect(toSet());
for (Map.Entry entry : row.entrySet()) {
FieldInfo field = entityInfo.getField(entry.getKey());
requireNonNull(field, format("Entity %s does not have field %s", entityInfo.getEntityType().getName(), entry.getKey()));
if (field.isPrimary()) {
//noinspection unchecked
Common.validatePrimaryKey(field, entry.getValue());
} else if (!field.isNullable()) {
requireNonNull(entry.getValue(), format("Cannot set non-null field %s to null", entry.getKey()));
if (entry.getValue() instanceof String) {
Validate.isTrue(!StringUtils.isBlank((String) entry.getValue()), "Cannot set non-null String field %s to blank", entry.getKey());
}
}
requiredFields.remove(field);
final TypeInfo dbType = field.getTypeInfo();
if (dbType != null && entry.getValue() != null) {
dbType.getLogicalType().validate(entry.getValue());
}
}
if (!requiredFields.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The following required fields were not set when trying to create entity '" +
entityInfo.getEntityType().getName() + "': " + requiredFields
.stream()
.map(Object::toString)
.collect(joining(", ")));
}
}
}
private , K> List> injectAutoGeneratedFields(List> rows, EntityInfo entityInfo) {
List autoGeneratedFields = entityInfo.getFields().stream()
.filter(FieldInfo.HAS_GENERATOR::apply)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
List> result = rows.stream()
.map(HashMap::new)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : autoGeneratedFields) {
ValueGenerator generator;
try {
generator = valGenCache.get(fieldInfo.getGeneratorType());
} catch (ExecutionException | UncheckedExecutionException | ExecutionError e) {
throw Throwables.propagate(e.getCause());
}
result.forEach(row -> row.put(fieldInfo.getName(), generator.generateValue(this)));
}
return result;
}
/**
* Deletes the specified entities from the database. DELETE statements are called on the rows in the
* corresponding tables. The entity instances themselves are not invalidated, but it doesn't even make sense to
* continue using the instance without a row with which it is paired.
*
* This method does attempt to group the DELETE statements on a per-type basis. Thus, if you pass 5 instances of
* EntityA and two instances of EntityB, the following SQL prepared statements will be
* invoked:
*
* DELETE FROM entityA WHERE id IN (?,?,?,?,?);
* DELETE FROM entityB WHERE id IN (?,?);
*
* Thus, this method scales very well for large numbers of entities grouped into types. However, the execution
* time increases linearly for each entity of unique type.
*
* @param entities A varargs array of entities to delete. Method returns immediately if length == 0.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void delete(RawEntity... entities) throws SQLException {
if (entities.length == 0) {
return;
}
Map>, List>> organizedEntities =
new HashMap>, List>>();
for (RawEntity entity : entities) {
verify(entity);
Class> type = getProxyForEntity(entity).getType();
if (!organizedEntities.containsKey(type)) {
organizedEntities.put(type, new LinkedList>());
}
organizedEntities.get(type).add(entity);
}
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
conn = provider.getConnection();
for (Class type : organizedEntities.keySet()) {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".delete")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
List> entityList = organizedEntities.get(type);
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("DELETE FROM ");
sql.append(provider.withSchema(entityInfo.getName()));
sql.append(" WHERE ").append(provider.processID(entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName())).append(" IN (?");
for (int i = 1; i < entityList.size(); i++) {
sql.append(",?");
}
sql.append(')');
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(conn, sql);
int index = 1;
for (RawEntity entity : entityList) {
TypeInfo typeInfo = entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getTypeInfo();
typeInfo.getLogicalType().putToDatabase(this, stmt, index++, Common.getPrimaryKeyValue(entity), typeInfo.getJdbcWriteType());
}
stmt.executeUpdate();
}
}
} finally {
closeQuietly(stmt);
closeQuietly(conn);
}
}
/**
* Deletes rows from the table corresponding to {@code type}. In contrast to {@link #delete(RawEntity[])}, this
* method allows you to delete rows without creating entities for them first.
*
* Example:
*
* manager.deleteWithSQL(Person.class, "name = ?", "Charlie")
*
* The SQL in {@code criteria} is not parsed or modified in any way by ActiveObjects, and is simply appended to
* the DELETE statement in a WHERE clause. The above example would cause an SQL statement similar to the following
* to be executed:
*
* DELETE FROM people WHERE name = 'Charlie';
*
* If {@code criteria} is {@code null}, this method deletes all rows from the table corresponding to {@code
* type}.
*
* This method does not attempt to determine the set of entities affected by the statement.
*
* @param type The entity type corresponding to the table to delete from.
* @param criteria An optional SQL fragment specifying which rows to delete.
* @param parameters A varargs array of parameters to be passed to the executed prepared statement. The length of
* this array must match the number of parameters (denoted by the '?' char) in {@code criteria}.
* @return The number of rows deleted from the table.
* @see #delete(RawEntity...)
* @see #find(Class, String, Object...)
* @see #findWithSQL(Class, String, String, Object...)
*/
public int deleteWithSQL(Class> type, String criteria, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".deleteWithSQL")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
int rowCount = 0;
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder("DELETE FROM ");
sql.append(provider.withSchema(nameConverters.getTableNameConverter().getName(type)));
if (criteria != null) {
sql.append(" WHERE ");
sql.append(provider.processWhereClause(criteria));
}
final Connection connection = provider.getConnection();
try {
final PreparedStatement stmt = provider.preparedStatement(connection, sql);
try {
putStatementParameters(stmt, parameters);
rowCount = stmt.executeUpdate();
} finally {
stmt.close();
}
} finally {
connection.close();
}
return rowCount;
}
}
/**
* Returns all entities of the given type. This actually peers the call to the {@link #find(Class, Query)} method.
*
* @param type The type of entity to retrieve.
* @return An array of all entities which correspond to the given type.
*/
public , K> T[] find(Class type) throws SQLException {
return find(type, Query.select());
}
/**
* Convenience method to select all entities of the given type with the specified, parameterized criteria. The
* criteria String specified is appended to the SQL prepared statement immediately following the
* WHERE.
*
* Example:
*
* manager.find(Person.class, "name LIKE ? OR age > ?", "Joe", 9);
*
* This actually delegates the call to the {@link #find(Class, Query)} method, properly parameterizing the {@link
* Query} object.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param criteria A parameterized WHERE statement used to determine the results.
* @param parameters A varargs array of parameters to be passed to the executed prepared statement. The length of
* this array must match the number of parameters (denoted by the '?' char) in the criteria.
* @return An array of entities of the given type which match the specified criteria.
*/
public , K> T[] find(Class type, String criteria, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
return find(type, Query.select().where(criteria, parameters));
}
/**
* Convenience method to select a single entity of the given type with the specified, parameterized criteria. The
* criteria String specified is appended to the SQL prepared statement immediately following the
* WHERE.
*
* Example:
*
* manager.findSingleEntity(Person.class, "name LIKE ? OR age > ?", "Joe", 9);
*
* This actually delegates the call to the {@link #find(Class, String, Object...)} method, properly
* parameterizing the {@link Object} object.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param criteria A parameterized WHERE statement used to determine the results.
* @param parameters A varargs array of parameters to be passed to the executed prepared statement. The length of
* this array must match the number of parameters (denoted by the '?' char) in the criteria.
* @return A single entity of the given type which match the specified criteria or null if none returned
*/
public , K> T findSingleEntity(Class type, String criteria, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
T[] entities = find(type, criteria, parameters);
if (entities.length < 1) {
return null;
} else if (entities.length > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Found more than one entities of type '"
+ type.getSimpleName() + "' that matched the criteria '" + criteria
+ "' and parameters '" + parameters.toString() + "'.");
}
return entities[0];
}
/**
* Selects all entities matching the given type and {@link Query}. By default, the entities will be created
* based on the values within the primary key field for the specified type (this is usually the desired
* behavior).
*
* Example:
*
* manager.find(Person.class, Query.select().where("name LIKE ? OR age > ?", "Joe", 9).limit(10));
*
* This method delegates the call to {@link #find(Class, String, Query)}, passing the primary key field for the
* given type as the String parameter.
*
* Note that in the case of calling this function with a {@link net.java.ao.Query} with select fields, the
* first field will be passed to {@link #find(Class, String, Query)}. If this is not the intention, a direct
* call to {@link #find(Class, String, Query)} should be made instead, with the primary key field specified
* and present in the select fields.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param query The {@link Query} instance to be used to determine the results.
* @return An array of entities of the given type which match the specified query.
*/
public , K> T[] find(Class type, Query query) throws SQLException {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
query.resolvePrimaryKey(entityInfo.getPrimaryKey());
String selectField = entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName();
final List queryFields = StreamSupport
.stream(query.getFields().spliterator(), false)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
if (queryFields.size() == 1) {
selectField = queryFields.get(0);
}
return find(type, selectField, query);
}
/**
* Selects all entities of the specified type which match the given Query. This method creates a
* PreparedStatement using the Query instance specified against the table represented by
* the given type. This query is then executed (with the parameters specified in the query). The method then
* iterates through the result set and extracts the specified field, mapping an entity of the given type to each
* row. This array of entities is returned.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param field The field value to use in the creation of the entities. This is usually the primary key field of
* the corresponding table.
* @param query The {@link Query} instance to use in determining the results.
* @return An array of entities of the given type which match the specified query.
*/
public , K> T[] find(Class type, String field, Query query) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".find")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
List back = new ArrayList();
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
query.resolvePrimaryKey(entityInfo.getPrimaryKey());
final Preload preloadAnnotation = type.getAnnotation(Preload.class);
final Set selectedFields;
if (preloadAnnotation == null || contains(preloadAnnotation.value(), Preload.ALL)) {
// select all fields from the table - no preload is specified or the user has specified all
selectedFields = getValueFieldsNames(entityInfo, nameConverters.getFieldNameConverter());
} else {
// select user's selection, as well as any specific preloads
selectedFields = new HashSet(preloadValue(preloadAnnotation, nameConverters.getFieldNameConverter()));
for (String existingField : query.getFields()) {
selectedFields.add(existingField);
}
}
query.setFields(selectedFields.toArray(new String[selectedFields.size()]));
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet res = null;
try {
conn = provider.getConnection();
final String sql = query.toSQL(entityInfo, provider, getTableNameConverter(), false);
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(conn, sql, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
provider.setQueryStatementProperties(stmt, query);
query.setParameters(this, stmt);
res = stmt.executeQuery();
provider.setQueryResultSetProperties(res, query);
final TypeInfo fieldType = entityInfo.getField(field).getTypeInfo();
final Class fieldClassType = entityInfo.getField(field).getJavaType();
final String[] canonicalFields = query.getCanonicalFields(entityInfo);
while (res.next()) {
final T entity = peer(entityInfo, fieldType.getLogicalType().pullFromDatabase(this, res, fieldClassType, field));
final Map values = new HashMap();
for (String name : canonicalFields) {
final FieldInfo fieldInfo = entityInfo.getField(name);
final TypeInfo typeInfo = fieldInfo.getTypeInfo();
final LogicalType logicalType = typeInfo.getLogicalType();
values.put(name, logicalType.pullFromDatabase(this, res, fieldInfo.getJavaType(), name));
}
if (!values.isEmpty()) {
final EntityProxy proxy = getProxyForEntity(entity);
proxy.updateValues(values);
}
back.add(entity);
}
} finally {
closeQuietly(res, stmt, conn);
}
return back.toArray((T[]) Array.newInstance(type, back.size()));
}
}
/**
* Executes the specified SQL and extracts the given key field, wrapping each row into a instance of the
* specified type. The SQL itself is executed as a {@link PreparedStatement} with the given parameters.
*
* Example:
*
* manager.findWithSQL(Person.class, "personID", "SELECT personID FROM chairs WHERE position < ? LIMIT ?",
* 10,
* 5);
*
* The SQL is not parsed or modified in any way by ActiveObjects. As such, it is possible to execute
* database-specific queries using this method without realizing it. For example, the above query will not run on
* MS SQL Server or Oracle, due to the lack of a LIMIT clause in their SQL implementation. As such, be extremely
* careful about what SQL is executed using this method, or else be conscious of the fact that you may be locking
* yourself to a specific DBMS.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param keyField The field value to use in the creation of the entities. This is usually the primary key field of
* the corresponding table.
* @param sql The SQL statement to execute.
* @param parameters A varargs array of parameters to be passed to the executed prepared statement. The length of
* this array must match the number of parameters (denoted by the '?' char) in the criteria.
* @return An array of entities of the given type which match the specified query.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public , K> T[] findWithSQL(Class type, String keyField, String sql, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
List back = new ArrayList();
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet res = null;
try {
connection = provider.getConnection();
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(connection, sql);
putStatementParameters(stmt, parameters);
res = stmt.executeQuery();
while (res.next()) {
back.add(peer(entityInfo, entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getTypeInfo().getLogicalType().pullFromDatabase(this, res, (Class) type, keyField)));
}
} finally {
closeQuietly(res);
closeQuietly(stmt);
closeQuietly(connection);
}
return back.toArray((T[]) Array.newInstance(type, back.size()));
}
/**
* Optimised read for large datasets. This method will stream all rows for the given type to the given
* callback.
*
* Please see {@link #stream(Class, Query, EntityStreamCallback)} for details / limitations.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param streamCallback The receiver of the data, will be passed one entity per returned row
*/
public , K> void stream(Class type, EntityStreamCallback streamCallback) throws SQLException {
final EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
final Set valueFields = getValueFieldsNames(entityInfo, nameConverters.getFieldNameConverter());
final Query query = Query.select();
query.setFields(valueFields.toArray(new String[valueFields.size()]));
stream(type, query, streamCallback);
}
/**
* Selects all entities of the given type and feeds them to the callback, one by one. The entities are slim,
* read-only representations of the data. They only supports getters or designated {@link Accessor}
* methods. Calling setters
* or
save
will
* result in an exception. Other method calls will be ignored. The proxies do not support lazy-loading of related
* entities.
*
* Only the fields specified in the Query are loaded. Since lazy loading is not supported, calls to unspecified
* getters will return null (or AO's defaults in case of primitives)
*
* This call is optimised for efficient read operations on large datasets. For best memory usage, do not buffer
* the entities passed to the callback but process and discard them directly.
*
* Unlike regular Entities, the read only implementations do not support flushing/refreshing. The data is a
* snapshot view at the time of query.
*
* @param type The type of the entities to retrieve.
* @param query
* @param streamCallback The receiver of the data, will be passed one entity per returned row
*/
public , K> void stream(Class type, Query query, EntityStreamCallback streamCallback) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".stream")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
query.resolvePrimaryKey(entityInfo.getPrimaryKey());
final String[] canonicalFields = query.getCanonicalFields(entityInfo);
// Execute the query
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet res = null;
try {
conn = provider.getConnection();
final String sql = query.toSQL(entityInfo, provider, getTableNameConverter(), false);
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(conn, sql, ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
provider.setQueryStatementProperties(stmt, query);
query.setParameters(this, stmt);
res = stmt.executeQuery();
provider.setQueryResultSetProperties(res, query);
ProxyCreationHandler proxyCreationHandler = null;
while (res.next()) {
if (proxyCreationHandler == null) {
proxyCreationHandler = returnCreationProxyHandler(entityInfo, res);
}
ReadOnlyEntityProxy proxy = proxyCreationHandler.create(entityInfo, res);
T entity = castFromReadOnlyProxyToEntity(type, proxy);
// transfer the values from the result set into the local proxy value store. We're not caching the proxy itself anywhere, since
// it's designated as a read-only snapshot view of the data and thus doesn't need flushing.
for (String fieldName : canonicalFields) {
proxy.addValue(fieldName, res);
}
// forward the proxy to the callback for the client to consume
streamCallback.onRowRead(entity);
}
} finally {
closeQuietly(res, stmt, conn);
}
}
}
private , K> T castFromReadOnlyProxyToEntity(Class entityClass, ReadOnlyEntityProxy proxy) {
return entityClass.cast(Proxy.newProxyInstance(entityClass.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{entityClass}, proxy));
}
private , K> boolean resourceContainsIdColumn(EntityInfo entityInfo, ResultSet res) throws SQLException {
ResultSetMetaData resultSetMetaData = res.getMetaData();
for (int columnNumber = 1; columnNumber <= resultSetMetaData.getColumnCount(); columnNumber++) {
if (resultSetMetaData.getColumnName(columnNumber)
.equals(entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
* This method returns method which handles creation of proxy.
* It is done once so if we can't find id column we will just ignore it every time.
*/
private , K> ProxyCreationHandler returnCreationProxyHandler(EntityInfo entityInfo, ResultSet res) throws SQLException {
if (resourceContainsIdColumn(entityInfo, res)) {
return (_entityInfo, _res) -> {
K primaryKey = _entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getTypeInfo().getLogicalType().pullFromDatabase(this, _res, _entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getJavaType(), _entityInfo.getPrimaryKey().getName());
return createReadOnlyProxy(_entityInfo, primaryKey);
};
} else {
log.debug("Id not found in column list, assuming no id");
return (_entityInfo, _res) -> createReadOnlyProxy(_entityInfo, null);
}
}
private , K> ReadOnlyEntityProxy createReadOnlyProxy(EntityInfo entityInfo, K primaryKey) {
return new ReadOnlyEntityProxy(this, entityInfo, primaryKey);
}
/**
* Counts all entities of the specified type. This method is actually a delegate for: count(Class<?
* extends Entity>, Query)
*
* @param type The type of the entities which should be counted.
* @return The number of entities of the specified type.
*/
public int count(Class> type) throws SQLException {
return count(type, Query.select());
}
/**
* Counts all entities of the specified type matching the given criteria and parameters. This is a convenience
* method for: count(type, Query.select().where(criteria, parameters))
*
* @param type The type of the entities which should be counted.
* @param criteria A parameterized WHERE statement used to determine the result set which will be counted.
* @param parameters A varargs array of parameters to be passed to the executed prepared statement. The length of
* this array must match the number of parameters (denoted by the '?' char) in the criteria.
* @return The number of entities of the given type which match the specified criteria.
*/
public int count(Class> type, String criteria, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
return count(type, Query.select().where(criteria, parameters));
}
/**
* Counts all entities of the specified type matching the given {@link Query} instance. The SQL runs as a
* SELECT COUNT(*) to ensure maximum performance.
*
* @param type The type of the entities which should be counted.
* @param query The {@link Query} instance used to determine the result set which will be counted.
* @return The number of entities of the given type which match the specified query.
*/
public int count(Class> type, Query query) throws SQLException {
try (Ticker ignored = metric(DB_AO_ENTITY_MANAGER_TIMER_NAME+".count")
.tag(ENTITY_TYPE_TAG, type.getCanonicalName())
.withAnalytics()
.invokerPluginKey(PluginKeyStack.getFirstPluginKey())
.startTimer()) {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet res = null;
try {
connection = provider.getConnection();
final String sql = query.toSQL(entityInfo, provider, getTableNameConverter(), true);
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(connection, sql);
provider.setQueryStatementProperties(stmt, query);
query.setParameters(this, stmt);
res = stmt.executeQuery();
return res.next() ? res.getInt(1) : -1;
} finally {
closeQuietly(res);
closeQuietly(stmt);
closeQuietly(connection);
}
}
}
/**
* Gives an approximate count of all entities of the specified type to avoid performance issues.
*
* DO NOT use this API if you need an exact count. For a guaranteed accurate count, use {@link EntityManager#count(Class)}.
*
* Accuracy may depend on how long the last DB cleanup job was run
*
* @param type The type of the entities which should be counted
* @throws FailedFastCountException means something went wrong while attempting to get a fast count
* @return The approximate number of entities of the given type
* @since 4.1 and 5.3 but not in 5.0 or 5.1
*
*/
public int getFastCountEstimate(Class> type) throws SQLException, FailedFastCountException {
EntityInfo entityInfo = resolveEntityInfo(type);
String tableName = entityInfo.getName();
try {
if (provider instanceof PostgreSQLDatabaseProvider) {
return runQuery(format("SELECT reltuples " +
"FROM pg_catalog.pg_class " +
"WHERE relname = '%s'", tableName));
}
if (provider instanceof MySQLDatabaseProvider) {
return runQuery(format("SELECT table_rows " +
"FROM information_schema.tables " +
"WHERE table_name = '%s';", tableName));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new FailedFastCountException(e);
}
return count(type);
}
private int runQuery(String sqlQuery) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet res = null;
try {
connection = provider.getConnection();
stmt = provider.preparedStatement(connection, sqlQuery);
res = stmt.executeQuery();
return res.next() ? res.getInt(1): -1;
}
finally {
closeQuietly(res);
closeQuietly(stmt);
closeQuietly(connection);
}
}
public NameConverters getNameConverters() {
return nameConverters;
}
protected , K> EntityInfo resolveEntityInfo(Class type) {
return entityInfoResolver.resolve(type);
}
/**
* Retrieves the {@link TableNameConverter} instance used for name conversion of all entity types.
*/
public TableNameConverter getTableNameConverter() {
return nameConverters.getTableNameConverter();
}
/**
* Retrieves the {@link FieldNameConverter} instance used for name conversion of all entity methods.
*/
public FieldNameConverter getFieldNameConverter() {
return nameConverters.getFieldNameConverter();
}
/**
* Specifies the {@link PolymorphicTypeMapper} instance to use for all flag value conversion of polymorphic types.
* The default type mapper is an empty {@link DefaultPolymorphicTypeMapper} instance (thus using the fully qualified
* classname for all values).
*
* @see #getPolymorphicTypeMapper()
*/
public void setPolymorphicTypeMapper(PolymorphicTypeMapper typeMapper) {
typeMapperLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
this.typeMapper = typeMapper;
if (typeMapper instanceof DefaultPolymorphicTypeMapper) {
((DefaultPolymorphicTypeMapper) typeMapper).resolveMappings(getTableNameConverter());
}
} finally {
typeMapperLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
/**
* Retrieves the {@link PolymorphicTypeMapper} instance used for flag value conversion of polymorphic types.
*
* @see #setPolymorphicTypeMapper(PolymorphicTypeMapper)
*/
public PolymorphicTypeMapper getPolymorphicTypeMapper() {
typeMapperLock.readLock().lock();
try {
if (typeMapper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No polymorphic type mapper was specified");
}
return typeMapper;
} finally {
typeMapperLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
/**
* Retrieves the database provider used by this EntityManager for all database operations. This
* method can be used reliably to obtain a database provider and hence a {@link Connection} instance which can be
* used for JDBC operations outside of ActiveObjects. Thus:
*
* Connection conn = manager.getProvider().getConnection();
* try {
* // ...
* } finally {
* conn.close();
* }
*/
public DatabaseProvider getProvider() {
return provider;
}
/**
* Retrieves {@link SchemaConfiguration} used by this entity manager.
*
* @return the {@link SchemaConfiguration}
*/
public SchemaConfiguration getSchemaConfiguration() {
return schemaConfiguration;
}
, K> EntityProxy getProxyForEntity(T entity) {
return ((EntityProxyAccessor) entity).getEntityProxy();
}
private void verify(RawEntity entity) {
if (entity.getEntityManager() != this) {
throw new RuntimeException("Entities can only be used with a single EntityManager instance");
}
}
private void putStatementParameters(PreparedStatement stmt, Object... parameters) throws SQLException {
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; ++i) {
Object parameter = parameters[i];
Class entityTypeOrClass = (parameter instanceof RawEntity) ? ((RawEntity) parameter).getEntityType() : parameter.getClass();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") TypeInfo