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CUP is a system for generating LALR parsers from simple specifications. It serves the same role as
the widely used program YACC [1] and in fact offers most of the features of YACC. However, CUP is
written in Java, uses specifications including embedded Java code, and produces parsers which are
implemented in Java.
The newest version!
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20060608 is a bugfix release.
Embedded actions in CUP didn't really relay their intermediate results to the
main action part. now, embedded actions have the following (new) properties:
- the LHS has the type of the "parent" lhs
- the RESULT variable of following embedded actions have their RESULT
variables initialized with the RESULT of the previous embedded action
M. Petter, A. Flexeder
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2006/06/08
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CUP version 0.11a beta 200603230 is a bugfix release.
corrected new issue with SymbolFactory. Forgot to offer one of the non-
propagating factory methods for Symbol generation. (thanks to
[email protected] )
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2006/03/30
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20060328 is a feature release.
Introduced the concept of the java_cup.runtime.SymbolFactory, which serves
multiple purposes; now You have the chance to manage extended information
relating to the sourcecode file in Your symbols, by using own child classes
of java_cup.runtime.Symbol.
In Addition to that You can implement Your own child class of SymbolFactory
to have a callback function whenever a new Symbol is created. This is
especially handy when equipping Your syntax tree with location information
from the source code file. For exactly this purpose the new Factories
java_cup.runtime.DefaultSymbolFactory and
java_cup.runtime.ComplexSymbolFactory
are introduced.
Experiments with the new runtime have revealed a few little flaws in the
build file, resulting in classpath confusion: In fact, JFlex itself depends
on the CUP runtime, leading to a mixture of runtimes, that could spoil Your
build process. I have corrected the errors in the CUP buildfile.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2006/03/28
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20060102 is a bugfix release.
Corrected two minor issues: a build.xml bug resulting in a slightly smaller
runtime JAR (thanks to Florian [email protected] ) and an
incorrect initialized parameter (thanks to Andreas [email protected])
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2006/01/02
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20051104 is a bugfix release.
the buildfile now creates Java 1.2 compliant code as well as it uses an actual
JDK 1.2 compliant CUP version for bootstrapping. [email protected] has
contributed to bugfixes, concerning an ant parameter as well as a more
informative CODE_STRING Token.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/11/04
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20050921 is a combined bugfix release.
added calls to clear the content of static fields in CUP, to be able to
call the main() method several times instead of only one time without
strange errors.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/09/21
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20050920 is a combined bugfix/feature release.
Made use of .peek() function for Stacks in generated parsers.
-destdir parameter added for generation in Makefiles or with ant.
Completely rewrote the CUP-anttask to properly call ant even, if You use
paths including whitespaces.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/09/20
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20050628 is a combined bugfix/feature release.
Henning Niss ( hniss at itu dot dk ) sent me a patch to improve the
generics handling in CUP. It also introduces a new parameter
"-typeargs" to cup, whith which one can parametrize the generated parser.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/06/28
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CUP version 0.11a beta 20050516 is a management release.
To indicate, that the CUP project switches from the Princeton team to the
technical university of munich, we switch to version 11 since this moment.
Nothing else has changed since the last bugfix release, as indicated in
the version date.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/05/16
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CUP version 0.10k TUM Edition 20050516 is a bugfix release.
We forgot to implement a simple line in the wildcard production integration,
leading to wildcards like ArrayList being
destroyed. Meanwhile, everything should work as it is supposed to.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/05/16
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CUP version 0.10k TUM Edition 20050514 is a bugfix/enhancement release.
Along with the redesigned Lexer, CUP lost a lot of error tracking and
displaying capabilities; now we have redesigned the Errormanager to display
even better error informations like column/line and the token in plain text,
CUP is processing, when the error occurs.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/05/14
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CUP version 0.10k TUM Edition 20050510 is a feature release.
CUP now supports generic parametrisation of datatypes for CUP terminals
and non terminals, as provided by Java 1.5. We do hope, it works correctly
all flavours of Java generics, as for example wildcards.
! Be carefull ! : there are the new keywords "super" and "extends", which
had to be introduced to support generic types. Watch out for identifiers in
Your CUP files, that have these names.
There is now an ANT Task for CUP, namely java_cup.anttask.CUPTask. It will
soon be added to the documentation - for the moment, You can look into the
sources to figure out, how to use it.
The CUP frontend, which parses .cup-files has changed to a JFlex-generated
scanner, which allows an easier maintainance.
M. Petter
Technische Universit?t M?nchen
2005/05/10
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CUP version 0.10k is a maintenance release.
CUP will now accept a filename on the command-line if it is the last
argument and does not start with "-". This allows better GUI
integration. Some unix-isms in end-of-line handling have been fixed,
too; thanks to Jean Vaucher for the tip.
The java_cup.runtime.Scanner interface has been refined to allow
the scanner to return null to signal EOF. JLex and JFlex users will
like this, as it means they can use the default scanner EOF behavior.
Bruce Hutton , Zerksis Umrigar ,
and Vladimir Antonevich all sent bug
reports touching on erroneous error recovery in the parser runtime.
Dr. Hutton provided the fixes that I've adopted; Zerksis sent a very
helpful CUP-vs-bison test case. If you're in a position to notice
correct/incorrect error recovery and this release works better for you
than previous ones, thank them --- and send me email so I know whether
we've quashed this bug for good.
Klaus Georg Barthelmann caught an
oversight in the constructors for java_cup.runtime.Symbol. I've also
taken an obsolete constructor allowing specification of a start state
for some symbol to package-scope; if this causes anyone backwards
compatibility problems, email me and I will consider changing it back.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jul-24-1999 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10j adds new features.
A "-version" command-line option is now accepted, which prints out the
working version of CUP and halts. This allows automatic version-checking,
for those applications which require it.
Broadened the CUP input grammar to allow CUP reserved words in package and
import statements, and in (non)terminal labels. In addition, semicolons
after 'action code', 'parser code', 'init code', and 'scan with' sections
have been made optional (if language noise annoys you). Also, these four
sections may now appear in any order, instead of the strict ordering
previously required. Finally, you can now spell 'non-terminal' as either
"non terminal" (old way) *or* "nonterminal" without upsetting CUP.
[Flexibility requested by Stefan Kahrs ]
[Package and import reserved word issues noted by Frank Rehberger,
Brandon Schendel, and Bernie Honeisen, among others.]
Clarified the parse table dumps generated by the -dump* options.
I have added code to lr_parser to detect illegal Symbol recycling by the
scanner and to throw an Error in this case. The scanner must return
a fresh Symbol object on each invocation, because these objects are
tagged with parse state and added to the parse stack. Object sharing
does evil things to the parser; don't do it (you won't get away with it).
[Symbol recycling problems reported by Ken Arnold ]
Improved scanner interface, designed by David MacMahon .
The new java_cup.runtime.Scanner interface is used by the default
implementation of lr_parser.scan(). See the manual for more details.
Old parsers will work with the new runtime, but parsers generated with
0.10j will not work with the runtime from earlier versions unless you
specify the (new) "-noscanner" option.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jul-24-1999 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10i is a maintenance release.
A one-off bug in the parser error-recovery code has been caught and corrected
by Chris Harris .
The fields in the emitted symbol class have been made public, rather than
package scope, since the class already was public.
The issues formerly addressed in Appendix D (accessing parser methods/fields
from the action class) have been partially addressed by adding a new
private final field named 'parser' to the action object that points to
the parser object. THIS INTRODUCES A POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY if you had
previously defined a field named 'parser' in the 'action code {: ... :}'
portion of your grammar. The solution is to rename your field.
Finally, incorporated Jako Andras' suggestions to make CUP more friendly
to makefiles.
A reminder: please submit bug-fixes or feature-additions as *patches*, not
complete archives. Your patch will have a greater chance of integration
into the distribution if you package each feature or fix as a separate patch,
instead of lumping everything together and leaving it to me to figure out
what you've changed and why.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Feb-18-1999 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10h is a maintenance release.
Starting with this version, CUP encodes the various parser tables as strings
to get around java's 64k method-size limitation. This allows larger
parse tables and thus more complicated grammars.
Furthermore, a long-standing buglet that would cause CUP to occasionally
generate "Attempt to construct a duplicate state" internal errors has been
fixed.
Another contributed Microsoft-compatible makefile has also been added
to the distribution.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Feb-10-1999 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10g contains bug fixes, added functionality, and
performance improvements. Thanks to Matthias Zenger, Peter Selinger,
Jaroslaw Kachinarz, Ian Davis and others for contributions.
- New command line option '-interface' added. This causes JavaCUP to
emit an *interface* with the symbol constants, instead of a
*class*. Without the command-line flag, behavior is identical to
v0.10f and before: the symbols are emitted as a class.
- (minor) Added toString() method to java_cup.runtime.Symbol and
modified the debugging parser to use it. This allows you to
override toString() to allow a more intelligible debugging parse.
- The CUP grammar has been extended to allow one to declare array types
for javaCUP terminals and non-terminals. Matthias Zenger first
suggested this feature; Peter Selinger was the first to show the
right way to do it.
- The symbols prefixed with CUP$ now have the parser class file name
added to the prefix as well, to allow more than one parser object
per package. Thanks to Jaroslaw Kachniarz for pointing out this
problem.
- Fixed bug that prevented one from invoking the parser multiple times.
To quote Ian Davis, who found and diagnosed the bug:
Repeat invocations of the same instantiation of lr_parser.java to parse
distinct input statements fail for the simple reason that the stack is
not emptied at start of parsing, but the stack offset is reset to 0.
This has been fixed.
- Fixed bug with implicit start productions not receiving a RESULT.
- Fixed bug with RESULT assignments that are not right-most in the
production.
- Updated documentation.
Known issues:
- All known bugs have been fixed.
- The java_cup.runtime.SymbolStack / java_cup.runtime.intStack
performance hack originally suggested by Matthias Zenger has been
postponed to the next release. By eliminating typecasts and
synchronized methods, a substantial performance improvement can be
obtained. Backwards-compatibility issues have forced the postponement
of the code merge.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3/24/98 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10f is a maintenance release. The code has been cleaned up
for JDK 1.1 functionality. No major functionality has been added; any bugs
in 0.10e are still in 0.10f.
- Removed trailing semicolons from class definitions which upset strict
compilers (not Sun's javac, for some reason).
- Changed 'PrintStream's to 'PrintWriter's to eliminate deprecation
warnings.
As of this release, the javaCUP code is being maintained by
C. Scott Ananian. Suggestions and bug-fixes should be sent to
[email protected].
Known issues:
- Precedence bug: rules unmarked by precedence information are treated
as if they had existing, but very low, precedence. This can mask
parser conflicts.
- Efficiency hack: java.util.Stack will be replaced in the next
release with a special-purpose stack to eliminate
performance-robbing type-casts.
- It has been suggested that the symbol *class* should be an
*interface* instead. This will be a command-line option in the next
release.
C. Scott Ananian
Laboratory for Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
12/21/97 [CSA]
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CUP version 0.10e contains a few bug fixes from 0.10a
- %prec directive now works correctly
fixed by [email protected]
- Shift reduce conflicts are now correctly reported
fixed by [email protected]
- Error with reporting the positon of the error token also fixed
fixed by [email protected]
- INSTALL script now has a slightly more complex test.
- foo.java.diff included for changes from previous release
- Fixed more bugs with reporting of shift reduce conflicts.
fixed by [email protected]
- Fixed bug introduced by previous fix patches from
Added '\r' as a whitespace character for the lexer suggested by
([email protected])
- Fixed botched relase
Daniel Wang
Department of Computer Science
Princeton University
Last updated: 9/12/97 [DW]
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Changes and Additions to CUP v0.9e
CUP version 0.10a is a major overhaul of CUP. The changes are severe,
meaning no backwards compatibility to older versions.
Here are the changes:
1. CUP now interfaces with the lexer in a completely different
manner. In the previous releases, a new class was used for every
distinct type of terminal. This release, however, uses only one class:
The Symbol class. The Symbol class has three instance variables which
are significant to the parser when passing information from the lexer.
The first is the value instance variable. This variable contains the
value of that terminal. It is of the type declared as the terminal type
in the parser specification file. The second two are the instance
variables left and right. They should be filled with the int value of
where in the input file, character-wise, that terminal was found.
2. Terminal and non-nonterminal declarations now can be declared in two
different ways to indicate the values of the terminals or non-terminals.
The previous declarations of the form
terminal {classname} {terminal} [, terminal ...];
still works. The classname, however indicates the type of the value of
the terminal or non-terminal, and does not indicate the type of object
placed on the parse stack.
A declaration, such as:
terminal {terminal} [, terminal ...];
indicates the terminals in the list hold no value.
3. CUP doesn't use the Symbol class for just terminals, but for all
non-terminals as well. When a production reduces to a non-terminal, a
new Symbol is created, and the value field is filled with the value of
that non-terminal. The user must know that the terminal and non terminal
declarations specify a type corresponding to the type of the value field
for the symbol representing that terminal or non-terminal.
4. Label references do not refer to the object on the parse stack, as in
the old CUP, but rather to the value of the value instance variable of
the Symbol that represents that terminal or non-terminal. Hence,
references to terminal and non-terminal values is direct, as opposed to
the old CUP, where the labels referred to objects containing the value
of the terminal or non-terminal.
5. The RESULT variable refers directly to the value of the non-terminal
to which a rule reduces, rather than to the object on the parse stack.
Hence, RESULT is of the same type the non-terminal to which it reduces,
as declared in the non terminal declaration. Again, the reference is
direct, rather than to something that will contain the data.
6. For every label, two more variables are declared, which are the label
plus left or the label plus right. These correspond to the left and
right locations in the input stream to which that terminal or
non-terminal came from. These values are propagated from the input
terminals, so that the starting non-terminal should have a left value of
0 and a right value of the location of the last character read.
7. A call to parse() or debug_parse() return a Symbol. This Symbol is
of the start non-terminal, so the value field contains the final RESULT
assignment.
8. CUP now has precedenced terminals. a new declaration section,
occurring between the terminal and non-terminal declarations and the
grammar specifies the precedence and associativity of rules. The
declarations are of the form:
precedence {left| right | nonassoc} terminal[, terminal ...];
...
The terminals are assigned a precedence, where terminals on the same
line have equal precedences, and the precedence declarations farther
down the list of precedence declarations have higher precedence. left,
right and nonassoc specify the associativity of these terminals. left
associativity corresponds to a reduce on conflict, right to a shift on
conflict, and nonassoc to an error on conflict. Hence, ambiguous
grammars may now be used. For a better explanation, see the manual.
9. Finally the new CUP adds contextual precedence. A production may be
declare as followed:
lhs ::= {right hand side list of terminals, non-terminals and actions}
%prec {terminal};
this production would then have a precedence equal to the terminal
specified after the "%prec". Hence, shift/reduce conflicts can be
contextually resolved. Note that the "%prec terminal" part comes after
all actions strings. It does not come before the last action string.
For more information read the manual, found in manual.html
Frank Flannery
Department of Computer Science
Princeton University
Last updated: 7/3/96 [FF]