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package java8.util.stream;

import java8.util.IntSummaryStatistics;
import java8.util.PrimitiveIterator;
import java8.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java8.util.function.Function;
import java8.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
import java8.util.function.IntConsumer;
import java8.util.function.IntFunction;
import java8.util.function.IntPredicate;
import java8.util.function.IntSupplier;
import java8.util.function.IntToDoubleFunction;
import java8.util.function.IntToLongFunction;
import java8.util.function.IntUnaryOperator;
import java8.util.function.ObjIntConsumer;
import java8.util.function.Supplier;
import java8.util.OptionalDouble;
import java8.util.OptionalInt;
import java8.util.Spliterator;

/**
 * A sequence of primitive int-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel
 * aggregate operations.  This is the {@code int} primitive specialization of
 * {@link Stream}.
 *
 * 

The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using * {@link Stream} and {@link IntStream}, computing the sum of the weights of the * red widgets: * *

{@code
 *     int sum = widgets.stream()
 *                      .filter(w -> w.getColor() == RED)
 *                      .mapToInt(w -> w.getWeight())
 *                      .sum();
 * }
* * See the class documentation for {@link Stream} and the package documentation * for java8.util.stream for additional * specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and * parallelism. * * @since 1.8 * @see Stream * @see java8.util.stream */ public interface IntStream extends BaseStream { /** * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream that match * the given predicate. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to each element to determine if it * should be included * @return the new stream */ IntStream filter(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the results of applying the given * function to the elements of this stream. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function to apply to each element * @return the new stream */ IntStream map(IntUnaryOperator mapper); /** * Returns an object-valued {@code Stream} consisting of the results of * applying the given function to the elements of this stream. * *

This is an * intermediate operation. * * @param the element type of the new stream * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function to apply to each element * @return the new stream */ Stream mapToObj(IntFunction mapper); /** * Returns a {@code LongStream} consisting of the results of applying the * given function to the elements of this stream. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function to apply to each element * @return the new stream */ LongStream mapToLong(IntToLongFunction mapper); /** * Returns a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the results of applying the * given function to the elements of this stream. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function to apply to each element * @return the new stream */ DoubleStream mapToDouble(IntToDoubleFunction mapper); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the results of replacing each element of * this stream with the contents of a mapped stream produced by applying * the provided mapping function to each element. Each mapped stream is * {@link java8.util.stream.BaseStream#close() closed} after its contents * have been placed into this stream. (If a mapped stream is {@code null} * an empty stream is used, instead.) * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function to apply to each element which produces an * {@code IntStream} of new values * @return the new stream * @see Stream#flatMap(Function) */ IntStream flatMap(IntFunction mapper); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the results of replacing each element of * this stream with multiple elements, specifically zero or more elements. * Replacement is performed by applying the provided mapping function to each * element in conjunction with a {@linkplain IntConsumer consumer} argument * that accepts replacement elements. The mapping function calls the consumer * zero or more times to provide the replacement elements. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * *

If the {@linkplain IntConsumer consumer} argument is used outside the scope of * its application to the mapping function, the results are undefined. * *

Implementation Requirements:
* The default implementation invokes {@link #flatMap flatMap} on this stream, * passing a function that behaves as follows. First, it calls the mapper function * with an {@code IntConsumer} that accumulates replacement elements into a newly created * internal buffer. When the mapper function returns, it creates an {@code IntStream} from the * internal buffer. Finally, it returns this stream to {@code flatMap}. * * @param mapper a non-interfering, * stateless * function that generates replacement elements * @return the new stream * @see Stream#mapMulti Stream.mapMulti * @since 16 */ IntStream mapMulti(IntMapMultiConsumer mapper); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the distinct elements of this stream. * *

This is a stateful * intermediate operation. * * @return the new stream */ IntStream distinct(); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream in sorted * order. * *

This is a stateful * intermediate operation. * * @return the new stream */ IntStream sorted(); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, additionally * performing the provided action on each element as elements are consumed * from the resulting stream. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * *

For parallel stream pipelines, the action may be called at * whatever time and in whatever thread the element is made available by the * upstream operation. If the action modifies shared state, * it is responsible for providing the required synchronization. * *

API Note:
This method exists mainly to support debugging, where you want * to see the elements as they flow past a certain point in a pipeline: *

{@code
     *     IntStreams.of(1, 2, 3, 4)
     *         .filter(e -> e > 2)
     *         .peek(e -> System.out.println("Filtered value: " + e))
     *         .map(e -> e * e)
     *         .peek(e -> System.out.println("Mapped value: " + e))
     *         .sum();
     * }
* *

In cases where the stream implementation is able to optimize away the * production of some or all the elements (such as with short-circuiting * operations like {@code findFirst}, or in the example described in * {@link #count}), the action will not be invoked for those elements. * * @param action a * non-interfering action to perform on the elements as * they are consumed from the stream * @return the new stream */ IntStream peek(IntConsumer action); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, truncated * to be no longer than {@code maxSize} in length. * *

This is a short-circuiting * stateful intermediate operation. * *

API Note:
* While {@code limit()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, * especially for large values of {@code maxSize}, since {@code limit(n)} * is constrained to return not just any n elements, but the * first n elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered * stream source (such as {@link IntStreams#generate(IntSupplier)}) or removing the * ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result in significant * speedups of {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of * your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, * and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with * {@code limit()} in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution * with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance. * * @param maxSize the number of elements the stream should be limited to * @return the new stream * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code maxSize} is negative */ IntStream limit(long maxSize); /** * Returns a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream * after discarding the first {@code n} elements of the stream. * If this stream contains fewer than {@code n} elements then an * empty stream will be returned. * *

This is a stateful * intermediate operation. * *

API Note:
* While {@code skip()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, * especially for large values of {@code n}, since {@code skip(n)} * is constrained to skip not just any n elements, but the * first n elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered * stream source (such as {@link IntStreams#generate(IntSupplier)}) or removing the * ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result in significant * speedups of {@code skip()} in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of * your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, * and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with * {@code skip()} in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution * with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance. * * @param n the number of leading elements to skip * @return the new stream * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code n} is negative */ IntStream skip(long n); /** * Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the longest * prefix of elements taken from this stream that match the given predicate. * Otherwise returns, if this stream is unordered, a stream consisting of a * subset of elements taken from this stream that match the given predicate. * *

If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous * sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate. The * first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and * the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does * not match the given predicate. * *

If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this * stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is * nondeterministic; it is free to take any subset of matching elements * (which includes the empty set). * *

Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all * elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation * takes all elements (the result is the same as the input), or if no * elements of the stream match the given predicate then no elements are * taken (the result is an empty stream). * *

This is a short-circuiting * stateful intermediate operation. * *

Implementation Requirements:
* The default implementation obtains the {@link #spliterator() spliterator} * of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics * of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with * the wrapped spliterator. The returned stream preserves the execution * characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution * as per {@link #isParallel()}) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to * not support splitting. When the returned stream is closed, the close * handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked. * *

API Note:
* While {@code takeWhile()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel * pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any * valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order. * Using an unordered stream source (such as {@link IntStreams#generate(IntSupplier)}) * or removing the ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result * in significant speedups of {@code takeWhile()} in parallel pipelines, if * the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter * order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory * utilization with {@code takeWhile()} in parallel pipelines, switching to * sequential execution with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance. * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest * prefix of elements. * @return the new stream * @since 9 */ IntStream takeWhile(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the remaining * elements of this stream after dropping the longest prefix of elements * that match the given predicate. Otherwise returns, if this stream is * unordered, a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream * after dropping a subset of elements that match the given predicate. * *

If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous * sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate. The * first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and * the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does * not match the given predicate. * *

If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this * stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is * nondeterministic; it is free to drop any subset of matching elements * (which includes the empty set). * *

Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all * elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation * drops all elements (the result is an empty stream), or if no elements of * the stream match the given predicate then no elements are dropped (the * result is the same as the input). * *

This is a stateful * intermediate operation. * *

Implementation Requirements:
* The default implementation obtains the {@link #spliterator() spliterator} * of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics * of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with * the wrapped spliterator. The returned stream preserves the execution * characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution * as per {@link #isParallel()}) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to * not support splitting. When the returned stream is closed, the close * handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked. * *

API Note:
* While {@code dropWhile()} is generally a cheap operation on sequential * stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel * pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any * valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order. * Using an unordered stream source (such as {@link IntStreams#generate(IntSupplier)}) * or removing the ordering constraint with {@link #unordered()} may result * in significant speedups of {@code dropWhile()} in parallel pipelines, if * the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter * order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory * utilization with {@code dropWhile()} in parallel pipelines, switching to * sequential execution with {@link #sequential()} may improve performance. * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest * prefix of elements. * @return the new stream * @since 9 */ IntStream dropWhile(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Performs an action for each element of this stream. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * *

For parallel stream pipelines, this operation does not * guarantee to respect the encounter order of the stream, as doing so * would sacrifice the benefit of parallelism. For any given element, the * action may be performed at whatever time and in whatever thread the * library chooses. If the action accesses shared state, it is * responsible for providing the required synchronization. * * @param action a * non-interfering action to perform on the elements */ void forEach(IntConsumer action); /** * Performs an action for each element of this stream, guaranteeing that * each element is processed in encounter order for streams that have a * defined encounter order. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @param action a * non-interfering action to perform on the elements * @see #forEach(IntConsumer) */ void forEachOrdered(IntConsumer action); /** * Returns an array containing the elements of this stream. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @return an array containing the elements of this stream */ int[] toArray(); /** * Performs a reduction on the * elements of this stream, using the provided identity value and an * associative * accumulation function, and returns the reduced value. This is equivalent * to: *

{@code
     *     int result = identity;
     *     for (int element : this stream)
     *         result = accumulator.applyAsInt(result, element)
     *     return result;
     * }
* * but is not constrained to execute sequentially. * *

The {@code identity} value must be an identity for the accumulator * function. This means that for all {@code x}, * {@code accumulator.apply(identity, x)} is equal to {@code x}. * The {@code accumulator} function must be an * associative function. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * *

API Note:
Sum, min and max are all special cases of * reduction that can be expressed using this method. * For example, summing a stream can be expressed as: * *

{@code
     *     int sum = integers.reduce(0, (a, b) -> a+b);
     * }
* * or more compactly: * *
{@code
     *     int sum = integers.reduce(0, Integer::sum);
     * }
* *

While this may seem a more roundabout way to perform an aggregation * compared to simply mutating a running total in a loop, reduction * operations parallelize more gracefully, without needing additional * synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races. * * @param identity the identity value for the accumulating function * @param op an associative, * non-interfering, * stateless * function for combining two values * @return the result of the reduction * @see #sum() * @see #min() * @see #max() * @see #average() */ int reduce(int identity, IntBinaryOperator op); /** * Performs a reduction on the * elements of this stream, using an * associative accumulation * function, and returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the reduced value, * if any. This is equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     boolean foundAny = false;
     *     int result = null;
     *     for (int element : this stream) {
     *         if (!foundAny) {
     *             foundAny = true;
     *             result = element;
     *         }
     *         else
     *             result = accumulator.applyAsInt(result, element);
     *     }
     *     return foundAny ? OptionalInt.of(result) : OptionalInt.empty();
     * }
* * but is not constrained to execute sequentially. * *

The {@code accumulator} function must be an * associative function. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @param op an associative, * non-interfering, * stateless * function for combining two values * @return the result of the reduction * @see #reduce(int, IntBinaryOperator) */ OptionalInt reduce(IntBinaryOperator op); /** * Performs a mutable * reduction operation on the elements of this stream. A mutable * reduction is one in which the reduced value is a mutable result container, * such as an {@code ArrayList}, and elements are incorporated by updating * the state of the result rather than by replacing the result. This * produces a result equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     R result = supplier.get();
     *     for (int element : this stream)
     *         accumulator.accept(result, element);
     *     return result;
     * }
* *

Like {@link #reduce(int, IntBinaryOperator)}, {@code collect} operations * can be parallelized without requiring additional synchronization. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @param the type of the mutable result container * @param supplier a function that creates a new mutable result container. * For a parallel execution, this function may be called * multiple times and must return a fresh value each time * @param accumulator an associative, * non-interfering, * stateless * function that must fold an element into a result * container * @param combiner an associative, * non-interfering, * stateless * function that accepts two partial result containers * and merges them, which must be compatible with the * accumulator function. The combiner function must fold * the elements from the second result container into the * first result container * @return the result of the reduction * @see Stream#collect(Supplier, BiConsumer, BiConsumer) */ R collect(Supplier supplier, ObjIntConsumer accumulator, BiConsumer combiner); /** * Returns the sum of elements in this stream. This is a special case * of a reduction * and is equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     return reduce(0, Integer::sum);
     * }
* *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @return the sum of elements in this stream */ int sum(); /** * Returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the minimum element of this * stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty. This is a special * case of a reduction * and is equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     return reduce(Integer::min);
     * }
* *

This is a terminal operation. * * @return an {@code OptionalInt} containing the minimum element of this * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty */ OptionalInt min(); /** * Returns an {@code OptionalInt} describing the maximum element of this * stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty. This is a special * case of a reduction * and is equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     return reduce(Integer::max);
     * }
* *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @return an {@code OptionalInt} containing the maximum element of this * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty */ OptionalInt max(); /** * Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of * a reduction and is (at least * in the predominant case where the count can't be directly obtained from * the stream source) equivalent to: *

{@code
     *     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();
     * }
* *

This is a terminal operation. * *

API Note:
* An implementation may choose to not execute the stream pipeline (either * sequentially or in parallel) if it is capable of computing the count * directly from the stream source. In such cases no source elements will * be traversed and no intermediate operations will be evaluated. * Behavioral parameters with side-effects, which are strongly discouraged * except for harmless cases such as debugging, may be affected. For * example, consider the following stream: *

{@code
     *     IntStream s = IntStreams.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
     *     long count = s.peek(System.out::println).count();
     * }
* The number of elements covered by the stream source is known and the * intermediate operation, {@code peek}, does not inject into or remove * elements from the stream (as may be the case for {@code flatMap} or * {@code filter} operations). Thus the count is 4 and there is no need to * execute the pipeline and, as a side-effect, print out the elements. * * @return the count of elements in this stream */ long count(); /** * Returns an {@code OptionalDouble} describing the arithmetic mean of elements of * this stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty. This is a * special case of a * reduction. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @return an {@code OptionalDouble} containing the average element of this * stream, or an empty optional if the stream is empty */ OptionalDouble average(); /** * Returns an {@code IntSummaryStatistics} describing various * summary data about the elements of this stream. This is a special * case of a reduction. * *

This is a terminal * operation. * * @return an {@code IntSummaryStatistics} describing various summary data * about the elements of this stream */ IntSummaryStatistics summaryStatistics(); /** * Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided * predicate. May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not * necessary for determining the result. If the stream is empty then * {@code false} is returned and the predicate is not evaluated. * *

This is a short-circuiting * terminal operation. * *

API Note:
* This method evaluates the existential quantification of the * predicate over the elements of the stream (for some x P(x)). * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to elements of this stream * @return {@code true} if any elements of the stream match the provided * predicate, otherwise {@code false} */ boolean anyMatch(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate. * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for * determining the result. If the stream is empty then {@code true} is * returned and the predicate is not evaluated. * *

This is a short-circuiting * terminal operation. * *

API Note:
* This method evaluates the universal quantification of the * predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x P(x)). If the * stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously * satisfied and is always {@code true} (regardless of P(x)). * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to elements of this stream * @return {@code true} if either all elements of the stream match the * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false} */ boolean allMatch(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate. * May not evaluate the predicate on all elements if not necessary for * determining the result. If the stream is empty then {@code true} is * returned and the predicate is not evaluated. * *

This is a short-circuiting * terminal operation. * *

API Note:
* This method evaluates the universal quantification of the * negated predicate over the elements of the stream (for all x ~P(x)). If * the stream is empty, the quantification is said to be vacuously satisfied * and is always {@code true}, regardless of P(x). * * @param predicate a non-interfering, * stateless * predicate to apply to elements of this stream * @return {@code true} if either no elements of the stream match the * provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise {@code false} */ boolean noneMatch(IntPredicate predicate); /** * Returns an {@link OptionalInt} describing the first element of this * stream, or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty. If the * stream has no encounter order, then any element may be returned. * *

This is a short-circuiting * terminal operation. * * @return an {@code OptionalInt} describing the first element of this stream, * or an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty */ OptionalInt findFirst(); /** * Returns an {@link OptionalInt} describing some element of the stream, or * an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty. * *

This is a short-circuiting * terminal operation. * *

The behavior of this operation is explicitly nondeterministic; it is * free to select any element in the stream. This is to allow for maximal * performance in parallel operations; the cost is that multiple invocations * on the same source may not return the same result. (If a stable result * is desired, use {@link #findFirst()} instead.) * * @return an {@code OptionalInt} describing some element of this stream, or * an empty {@code OptionalInt} if the stream is empty * @see #findFirst() */ OptionalInt findAny(); /** * Returns a {@code LongStream} consisting of the elements of this stream, * converted to {@code long}. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @return a {@code LongStream} consisting of the elements of this stream, * converted to {@code long} */ LongStream asLongStream(); /** * Returns a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the elements of this stream, * converted to {@code double}. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @return a {@code DoubleStream} consisting of the elements of this stream, * converted to {@code double} */ DoubleStream asDoubleStream(); /** * Returns a {@code Stream} consisting of the elements of this stream, * each boxed to an {@code Integer}. * *

This is an intermediate * operation. * * @return a {@code Stream} consistent of the elements of this stream, * each boxed to an {@code Integer} */ Stream boxed(); @Override IntStream sequential(); @Override IntStream parallel(); @Override PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator(); @Override Spliterator.OfInt spliterator(); /** * A mutable builder for an {@code IntStream}. * *

A stream builder has a lifecycle, which starts in a building * phase, during which elements can be added, and then transitions to a built * phase, after which elements may not be added. The built phase * begins when the {@link #build()} method is called, which creates an * ordered stream whose elements are the elements that were added to the * stream builder, in the order they were added. * * @see IntStreams#builder() * @since 1.8 */ public interface Builder extends IntConsumer { /** * Adds an element to the stream being built. * * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned * to the built state */ @Override void accept(int t); /** * Adds an element to the stream being built. * *

Implementation Requirements:
* The default implementation behaves as if: *

{@code
         *     accept(t)
         *     return this;
         * }
* * @param t the element to add * @return {@code this} builder * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned * to the built state */ Builder add(int t); /** * Builds the stream, transitioning this builder to the built state. * An {@code IllegalStateException} is thrown if there are further * attempts to operate on the builder after it has entered the built * state. * * @return the built stream * @throws IllegalStateException if the builder has already transitioned to * the built state */ IntStream build(); } /** * Represents an operation that accepts an {@code int}-valued argument * and an IntConsumer, and returns no result. This functional interface is * used by {@link IntStream#mapMulti(IntStream.IntMapMultiConsumer) * IntStream.mapMulti} to replace an int value with zero or more int values. * *

This is a functional interface * whose functional method is {@link #accept(int, IntConsumer)}. * * @see IntStream#mapMulti * * @since 16 */ interface IntMapMultiConsumer { /** * Replaces the given {@code value} with zero or more values by feeding the mapped * values to the {@code ic} consumer. * * @param value the int value coming from upstream * @param ic an {@code IntConsumer} accepting the mapped values */ void accept(int value, IntConsumer ic); } }