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/*
* %W% %E%
*
* Copyright (c) 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.util;
/**
* A linear collection that supports element insertion and removal at
* both ends. The name deque is short for "double ended queue"
* and is usually pronounced "deck". Most Deque
* implementations place no fixed limits on the number of elements
* they may contain, but this interface supports capacity-restricted
* deques as well as those with no fixed size limit.
*
* This interface defines methods to access the elements at both
* ends of the deque. Methods are provided to insert, remove, and
* examine the element. Each of these methods exists in two forms:
* one throws an exception if the operation fails, the other returns a
* special value (either null or false, depending on
* the operation). The latter form of the insert operation is
* designed specifically for use with capacity-restricted
* Deque implementations; in most implementations, insert
* operations cannot fail.
*
*
The twelve methods described above are summarized in the
* following table:
*
*
*
*
* First Element (Head)
* Last Element (Tail)
*
*
* Throws exception
* Special value
* Throws exception
* Special value
*
*
* Insert
* {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)}
* {@link #offerFirst offerFirst(e)}
* {@link #addLast addLast(e)}
* {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)}
*
*
* Remove
* {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}
* {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()}
* {@link #removeLast removeLast()}
* {@link #pollLast pollLast()}
*
*
* Examine
* {@link #getFirst getFirst()}
* {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()}
* {@link #getLast getLast()}
* {@link #peekLast peekLast()}
*
*
*
* This interface extends the {@link Queue} interface. When a deque is
* used as a queue, FIFO (First-In-First-Out) behavior results. Elements are
* added at the end of the deque and removed from the beginning. The methods
* inherited from the Queue interface are precisely equivalent to
* Deque methods as indicated in the following table:
*
*
*
*
* Queue Method
* Equivalent Deque Method
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#add add(e)}
* {@link #addLast addLast(e)}
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#offer offer(e)}
* {@link #offerLast offerLast(e)}
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#remove remove()}
* {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#poll poll()}
* {@link #pollFirst pollFirst()}
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#element element()}
* {@link #getFirst getFirst()}
*
*
* {@link java.util.Queue#peek peek()}
* {@link #peek peekFirst()}
*
*
*
* Deques can also be used as LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) stacks. This
* interface should be used in preference to the legacy {@link Stack} class.
* When a deque is used as a stack, elements are pushed and popped from the
* beginning of the deque. Stack methods are precisely equivalent to
* Deque methods as indicated in the table below:
*
*
*
*
* Stack Method
* Equivalent Deque Method
*
*
* {@link #push push(e)}
* {@link #addFirst addFirst(e)}
*
*
* {@link #pop pop()}
* {@link #removeFirst removeFirst()}
*
*
* {@link #peek peek()}
* {@link #peekFirst peekFirst()}
*
*
*
* Note that the {@link #peek peek} method works equally well when
* a deque is used as a queue or a stack; in either case, elements are
* drawn from the beginning of the deque.
*
*
This interface provides two methods to remove interior
* elements, {@link #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence} and
* {@link #removeLastOccurrence removeLastOccurrence}.
*
*
Unlike the {@link List} interface, this interface does not
* provide support for indexed access to elements.
*
*
While Deque implementations are not strictly required
* to prohibit the insertion of null elements, they are strongly
* encouraged to do so. Users of any Deque implementations
* that do allow null elements are strongly encouraged not to
* take advantage of the ability to insert nulls. This is so because
* null is used as a special return value by various methods
* to indicated that the deque is empty.
*
*
Deque implementations generally do not define
* element-based versions of the equals and hashCode
* methods, but instead inherit the identity-based versions from class
* Object.
*
*
This interface is a member of the Java Collections
* Framework.
*
* @author Doug Lea
* @author Josh Bloch
* @since 1.6
* @param the type of elements held in this collection
*/
public interface Deque extends Queue {
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque if it is
* possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.
* When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to
* use method {@link #offerFirst}.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
* time due to capacity restrictions
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
void addFirst(E e);
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque if it is
* possible to do so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.
* When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to
* use method {@link #offerLast}.
*
* This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
* time due to capacity restrictions
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
void addLast(E e);
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque unless it would
* violate capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque,
* this method is generally preferable to the {@link #addFirst} method,
* which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return true if the element was added to this deque, else
* false
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
boolean offerFirst(E e);
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque unless it would
* violate capacity restrictions. When using a capacity-restricted deque,
* this method is generally preferable to the {@link #addLast} method,
* which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return true if the element was added to this deque, else
* false
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
boolean offerLast(E e);
/**
* Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque. This method
* differs from {@link #pollFirst pollFirst} only in that it throws an
* exception if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the head of this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E removeFirst();
/**
* Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque. This method
* differs from {@link #pollLast pollLast} only in that it throws an
* exception if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the tail of this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E removeLast();
/**
* Retrieves and removes the first element of this deque,
* or returns null if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the head of this deque, or null if this deque is empty
*/
E pollFirst();
/**
* Retrieves and removes the last element of this deque,
* or returns null if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the tail of this deque, or null if this deque is empty
*/
E pollLast();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque.
*
* This method differs from {@link #peekFirst peekFirst} only in that it
* throws an exception if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the head of this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E getFirst();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque.
* This method differs from {@link #peekLast peekLast} only in that it
* throws an exception if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the tail of this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E getLast();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this deque,
* or returns null if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the head of this deque, or null if this deque is empty
*/
E peekFirst();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this deque,
* or returns null if this deque is empty.
*
* @return the tail of this deque, or null if this deque is empty
*/
E peekLast();
/**
* Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
* More formally, removes the first element e such that
* (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))
* (if such an element exists).
* Returns true if this deque contained the specified element
* (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
*
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
* @return true if an element was removed as a result of this call
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* is incompatible with this deque (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements (optional)
*/
boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o);
/**
* Removes the last occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
* More formally, removes the last element e such that
* (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))
* (if such an element exists).
* Returns true if this deque contained the specified element
* (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
*
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
* @return true if an element was removed as a result of this call
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* is incompatible with this deque (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements (optional)
*/
boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o);
// *** Queue methods ***
/**
* Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
* (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so
* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
* true upon success and throwing an
* IllegalStateException if no space is currently available.
* When using a capacity-restricted deque, it is generally preferable to
* use {@link #offer(Object) offer}.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
* time due to capacity restrictions
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
boolean add(E e);
/**
* Inserts the specified element into the queue represented by this deque
* (in other words, at the tail of this deque) if it is possible to do so
* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
* true upon success and false if no space is currently
* available. When using a capacity-restricted deque, this method is
* generally preferable to the {@link #add} method, which can fail to
* insert an element only by throwing an exception.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast}.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return true if the element was added to this deque, else
* false
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
boolean offer(E e);
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
* (in other words, the first element of this deque).
* This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an
* exception if this deque is empty.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
*
* @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E remove();
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque
* (in other words, the first element of this deque), or returns
* null if this deque is empty.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst()}.
*
* @return the first element of this deque, or null if
* this deque is empty
*/
E poll();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
* this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque).
* This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an
* exception if this deque is empty.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst()}.
*
* @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E element();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
* this deque (in other words, the first element of this deque), or
* returns null if this deque is empty.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #peekFirst()}.
*
* @return the head of the queue represented by this deque, or
* null if this deque is empty
*/
E peek();
// *** Stack methods ***
/**
* Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this deque (in other
* words, at the head of this deque) if it is possible to do so
* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
* true upon success and throwing an
* IllegalStateException if no space is currently available.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
*
* @param e the element to push
* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
* time due to capacity restrictions
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this deque
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
* element prevents it from being added to this deque
*/
void push(E e);
/**
* Pops an element from the stack represented by this deque. In other
* words, removes and returns the first element of this deque.
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
*
* @return the element at the front of this deque (which is the top
* of the stack represented by this deque)
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
*/
E pop();
// *** Collection methods ***
/**
* Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
* If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
* More formally, removes the first element e such that
* (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))
* (if such an element exists).
* Returns true if this deque contained the specified element
* (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
*
*
This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence}.
*
* @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
* @return true if an element was removed as a result of this call
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* is incompatible with this deque (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements (optional)
*/
boolean remove(Object o);
/**
* Returns true if this deque contains the specified element.
* More formally, returns true if and only if this deque contains
* at least one element e such that
* (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).
*
* @param o element whose presence in this deque is to be tested
* @return true if this deque contains the specified element
* @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
* is incompatible with this deque (optional)
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
* deque does not permit null elements (optional)
*/
boolean contains(Object o);
/**
* Returns the number of elements in this deque.
*
* @return the number of elements in this deque
*/
public int size();
/**
* Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence.
* The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).
*
* @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence
*/
Iterator iterator();
/**
* Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse
* sequential order. The elements will be returned in order from
* last (tail) to first (head).
*
* @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in reverse
* sequence
*/
Iterator descendingIterator();
}