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/*
 *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

/*
 * CheckKernel.java
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2012 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 *
 */

package weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Vector;

import weka.core.Attribute;
import weka.core.CheckScheme;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.MultiInstanceCapabilitiesHandler;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.OptionHandler;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.SerializationHelper;
import weka.core.TestInstances;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.WeightedInstancesHandler;

/**
 * Class for examining the capabilities and finding problems with kernels. If
 * you implement an kernels using the WEKA.libraries, you should run the checks
 * on it to ensure robustness and correct operation. Passing all the tests of
 * this object does not mean bugs in the kernels don't exist, but this will help
 * find some common ones.
 * 
 * 
 * Typical usage:
 * 

 * java weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.CheckKernel -W kernel_name 
 * -- kernel_options 
 * 

 * 
 * CheckKernel reports on the following:
 * 

 * Kernel abilities
 * 
 * Possible command line options to the kernels
 * Whether the kernels can predict nominal, numeric, string, date or
 * relational class attributes.
 * Whether the kernels can handle numeric predictor attributes
 * Whether the kernels can handle nominal predictor attributes
 * Whether the kernels can handle string predictor attributes
 * Whether the kernels can handle date predictor attributes
 * Whether the kernels can handle relational predictor attributes
 * Whether the kernels can handle multi-instance data
 * Whether the kernels can handle missing predictor values
 * Whether the kernels can handle missing class values
 * Whether a nominal kernels only handles 2 class problems
 * Whether the kernels can handle instance weights
 * 
 * 
 * Correct functioning
 * 
 * Correct initialisation during buildKernel (i.e. no result changes when
 * buildKernel called repeatedly)
 * Whether the kernels alters the data passed to it (number of instances,
 * instance order, instance weights, etc)
 * 
 * 
 * Degenerate cases
 * 
 * building kernels with zero training instances
 * all but one predictor attribute values missing
 * all predictor attribute values missing
 * all but one class values missing
 * all class values missing
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * Running CheckKernel with the debug option set will output the training and
 * test datasets for any failed tests.
 * 
 * 
 * The weka.classifiers.AbstractKernelTest uses this class to test
 * all the kernels. Any changes here, have to be checked in that abstract test
 * class, too.
 * 

 * 
 *  Valid options are:
 * 

 * 
 * 
 * -D
 *  Turn on debugging output.
 * 
 * 
 *  * -S
 *  Silent mode - prints nothing to stdout.
 * 
 * 
 *  * -N <num>
 *  The number of instances in the datasets (default 20).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -nominal <num>
 *  The number of nominal attributes (default 2).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -nominal-values <num>
 *  The number of values for nominal attributes (default 1).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -numeric <num>
 *  The number of numeric attributes (default 1).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -string <num>
 *  The number of string attributes (default 1).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -date <num>
 *  The number of date attributes (default 1).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -relational <num>
 *  The number of relational attributes (default 1).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -num-instances-relational <num>
 *  The number of instances in relational/bag attributes (default 10).
 * 
 * 
 *  * -words <comma-separated-list>
 *  The words to use in string attributes.
 * 
 * 
 *  * -word-separators <chars>
 *  The word separators to use in string attributes.
 * 
 * 
 *  * -W
 *  Full name of the kernel analysed.
 *  eg: weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel
 *  (default weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel)
 * 
 * 
 *  * Options specific to kernel weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel:
 * 
 * 
 *  * -D
 *  Enables debugging output (if available) to be printed.
 *  (default: off)
 * 
 *
 *  * -C <num>
 *  The size of the cache (a prime number), 0 for full cache and 
 *  -1 to turn it off.
 *  (default: 250007)
 * 
 * 
 *  * -G <num>
 *  The Gamma parameter.
 *  (default: 0.01)
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * Options after -- are passed to the designated kernel.
 * 
 * 
 * @author Len Trigg ([email protected])
 * @author FracPete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)
 * @version $Revision: 14516 $
 * @see TestInstances
 */
public class CheckKernel extends CheckScheme {

  /*
   * Note about test methods: - methods return array of booleans - first index:
   * success or not - second index: acceptable or not (e.g., Exception is OK)
   * 
   * FracPete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)
   */

  /*** The kernel to be examined */
  protected Kernel m_Kernel = new weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel();

  /**
   * Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
   * 
   * @return an enumeration of all the available options.
   */
  @Override
  public Enumeration

   * 
   * 
   * -D
   *  Turn on debugging output.
   * 
   * 
   *    * -S
   *  Silent mode - prints nothing to stdout.
   * 
   * 
   *    * -N <num>
   *  The number of instances in the datasets (default 20).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -nominal <num>
   *  The number of nominal attributes (default 2).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -nominal-values <num>
   *  The number of values for nominal attributes (default 1).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -numeric <num>
   *  The number of numeric attributes (default 1).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -string <num>
   *  The number of string attributes (default 1).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -date <num>
   *  The number of date attributes (default 1).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -relational <num>
   *  The number of relational attributes (default 1).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -num-instances-relational <num>
   *  The number of instances in relational/bag attributes (default 10).
   * 
   * 
   *    * -words <comma-separated-list>
   *  The words to use in string attributes.
   * 
   * 
   *    * -word-separators <chars>
   *  The word separators to use in string attributes.
   * 
   * 
   *    * -W
   *  Full name of the kernel analysed.
   *  eg: weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel
   *  (default weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel)
   * 
   * 
   *    * Options specific to kernel weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel:
   * 
   * 
   *    * -D
   *  Enables debugging output (if available) to be printed.
   *  (default: off)
   * 

   *    * -C <num>
   *  The size of the cache (a prime number), 0 for full cache and 
   *  -1 to turn it off.
   *  (default: 250007)
   * 
   * 
   *    * -G <num>
   *  The Gamma parameter.
   *  (default: 0.01)
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * @param options the list of options as an array of strings
   * @throws Exception if an option is not supported
   */
  @Override
  public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
    String tmpStr;

    super.setOptions(options);

    tmpStr = Utils.getOption('W', options);
    if (tmpStr.length() == 0) {
      tmpStr = weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector.RBFKernel.class
        .getName();
    }
    setKernel((Kernel) forName("weka.classifiers.functions.supportVector",
      Kernel.class, tmpStr, Utils.partitionOptions(options)));
  }

  /**
   * Gets the current settings of the CheckKernel.
   * 
   * @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
   */
  @Override
  public String[] getOptions() {
    Vector result = new Vector();

    Collections.addAll(result, super.getOptions());

    if (getKernel() != null) {
      result.add("-W");
      result.add(getKernel().getClass().getName());
    }

    if ((m_Kernel != null) && (m_Kernel instanceof OptionHandler)) {
      String[] options = ((OptionHandler) m_Kernel).getOptions();
      if (options.length > 0) {
        result.add("--");
      }
      Collections.addAll(result, options);
    }

    return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
  }

  /**
   * Begin the tests, reporting results to System.out
   */
  @Override
  public void doTests() {

    if (getKernel() == null) {
      println("\n=== No kernel set ===");
      return;
    }
    println("\n=== Check on kernel: " + getKernel().getClass().getName()
      + " ===\n");

    // Start tests
    m_ClasspathProblems = false;
    println("--> Checking for interfaces");
    canTakeOptions();
    boolean weightedInstancesHandler = weightedInstancesHandler()[0];
    boolean multiInstanceHandler = multiInstanceHandler()[0];
    println("--> Kernel tests");
    declaresSerialVersionUID();
    testsPerClassType(Attribute.NOMINAL, weightedInstancesHandler,
      multiInstanceHandler);
    testsPerClassType(Attribute.NUMERIC, weightedInstancesHandler,
      multiInstanceHandler);
    testsPerClassType(Attribute.DATE, weightedInstancesHandler,
      multiInstanceHandler);
    testsPerClassType(Attribute.STRING, weightedInstancesHandler,
      multiInstanceHandler);
    testsPerClassType(Attribute.RELATIONAL, weightedInstancesHandler,
      multiInstanceHandler);
  }

  /**
   * Set the lernel to test.
   * 
   * @param value the kernel to use.
   */
  public void setKernel(Kernel value) {
    m_Kernel = value;
  }

  /**
   * Get the kernel being tested
   * 
   * @return the kernel being tested
   */
  public Kernel getKernel() {
    return m_Kernel;
  }

  /**
   * Run a battery of tests for a given class attribute type
   * 
   * @param classType true if the class attribute should be numeric
   * @param weighted true if the kernel says it handles weights
   * @param multiInstance true if the kernel is a multi-instance kernel
   */
  protected void testsPerClassType(int classType, boolean weighted,
    boolean multiInstance) {

    boolean PNom = canPredict(true, false, false, false, false, multiInstance,
      classType)[0];
    boolean PNum = canPredict(false, true, false, false, false, multiInstance,
      classType)[0];
    boolean PStr = canPredict(false, false, true, false, false, multiInstance,
      classType)[0];
    boolean PDat = canPredict(false, false, false, true, false, multiInstance,
      classType)[0];
    boolean PRel;
    if (!multiInstance) {
      PRel = canPredict(false, false, false, false, true, multiInstance,
        classType)[0];
    } else {
      PRel = false;
    }

    if (PNom || PNum || PStr || PDat || PRel) {
      if (weighted) {
        instanceWeights(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance, classType);
      }

      if (classType == Attribute.NOMINAL) {
        canHandleNClasses(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance, 4);
      }

      if (!multiInstance) {
        canHandleClassAsNthAttribute(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel,
          multiInstance, classType, 0);
        canHandleClassAsNthAttribute(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel,
          multiInstance, classType, 1);
      }

      canHandleZeroTraining(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance,
        classType);
      boolean handleMissingPredictors = canHandleMissing(PNom, PNum, PStr,
        PDat, PRel, multiInstance, classType, true, false, 20)[0];
      if (handleMissingPredictors) {
        canHandleMissing(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance,
          classType, true, false, 100);
      }

      boolean handleMissingClass = canHandleMissing(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat,
        PRel, multiInstance, classType, false, true, 20)[0];
      if (handleMissingClass) {
        canHandleMissing(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance,
          classType, false, true, 100);
      }

      correctBuildInitialisation(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance,
        classType);
      datasetIntegrity(PNom, PNum, PStr, PDat, PRel, multiInstance, classType,
        handleMissingPredictors, handleMissingClass);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks whether the scheme can take command line options.
   * 
   * @return index 0 is true if the kernel can take options
   */
  protected boolean[] canTakeOptions() {

    boolean[] result = new boolean[2];

    print("options...");
    if (m_Kernel instanceof OptionHandler) {
      println("yes");
      if (m_Debug) {
        println("\n=== Full report ===");
        Enumeration