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weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.ClusterMembership Maven / Gradle / Ivy

/*
 *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program.  If not, see .
 */

/*
 *    ClusterMembership.java
 *    Copyright (C) 2004-2012 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 *
 */

package weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;

import weka.clusterers.AbstractDensityBasedClusterer;
import weka.clusterers.DensityBasedClusterer;
import weka.core.*;
import weka.filters.Filter;
import weka.filters.UnsupervisedFilter;

/**
 *  A filter that uses a density-based clusterer to
 * generate cluster membership values; filtered instances are composed of these
 * values plus the class attribute (if set in the input data). If a (nominal)
 * class attribute is set, the clusterer is run separately for each class. The
 * class attribute (if set) and any user-specified attributes are ignored during
 * the clustering operation
 * 

 * 
 * 
 *  Valid options are:
 * 

 * 
 * 
 * -W <clusterer name>
 *  Full name of clusterer to use. eg:
 *   weka.clusterers.EM
 *  Additional options after the '--'.
 *  (default: weka.clusterers.EM)
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * -I <att1,att2-att4,...>
 *  The range of attributes the clusterer should ignore.
 *  (the class attribute is automatically ignored)
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * Options after the -- are passed on to the clusterer.
 * 
 * @author Mark Hall ([email protected])
 * @author Eibe Frank
 * @version $Revision: 14534 $
 */
public class ClusterMembership extends Filter implements UnsupervisedFilter,
  OptionHandler, WeightedInstancesHandler, WeightedAttributesHandler {

  /** for serialization */
  static final long serialVersionUID = 6675702504667714026L;

  /** The clusterer */
  protected DensityBasedClusterer m_clusterer = new weka.clusterers.EM();

  /** Array for storing the clusterers */
  protected DensityBasedClusterer[] m_clusterers;

  /** Range of attributes to ignore */
  protected Range m_ignoreAttributesRange;

  /** Filter for removing attributes */
  protected Filter m_removeAttributes;

  /** The prior probability for each class */
  protected double[] m_priors;

  /**
   * Returns the Capabilities of this filter.
   * 
   * @return the capabilities of this object
   * @see Capabilities
   */
  @Override
  public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
    Capabilities result = m_clusterer.getCapabilities();
    result.enableAllClasses();

    result.setMinimumNumberInstances(0);

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the Capabilities of this filter, makes sure that the class is never
   * set (for the clusterer).
   * 
   * @param data the data to use for customization
   * @return the capabilities of this object, based on the data
   * @see #getCapabilities()
   */
  @Override
  public Capabilities getCapabilities(Instances data) {
    Instances newData;

    newData = new Instances(data, 0);
    newData.setClassIndex(-1);

    return super.getCapabilities(newData);
  }

  /**
   * tests the data whether the filter can actually handle it
   * 
   * @param instanceInfo the data to test
   * @throws Exception if the test fails
   */
  @Override
  protected void testInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo) throws Exception {
    getCapabilities(instanceInfo).testWithFail(removeIgnored(instanceInfo));
  }

  /**
   * Sets the format of the input instances.
   * 
   * @param instanceInfo an Instances object containing the input instance
   *          structure (any instances contained in the object are ignored -
   *          only the structure is required).
   * @return true if the outputFormat may be collected immediately
   * @throws Exception if the inputFormat can't be set successfully
   */
  @Override
  public boolean setInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo) throws Exception {

    super.setInputFormat(instanceInfo);
    m_removeAttributes = null;
    m_priors = null;

    return false;
  }

  /**
   * filters all attributes that should be ignored
   * 
   * @param data the data to filter
   * @return the filtered data
   * @throws Exception if filtering fails
   */
  protected Instances removeIgnored(Instances data) throws Exception {
    Instances result = data;

    if (m_ignoreAttributesRange != null || data.classIndex() >= 0) {
      result = new Instances(data);
      m_removeAttributes = new Remove();
      String rangeString = "";
      if (m_ignoreAttributesRange != null) {
        rangeString += m_ignoreAttributesRange.getRanges();
      }
      if (data.classIndex() >= 0) {
        if (rangeString.length() > 0) {
          rangeString += "," + (data.classIndex() + 1);
        } else {
          rangeString = "" + (data.classIndex() + 1);
        }
      }
      ((Remove) m_removeAttributes).setAttributeIndices(rangeString);
      ((Remove) m_removeAttributes).setInvertSelection(false);
      m_removeAttributes.setInputFormat(data);
      result = Filter.useFilter(data, m_removeAttributes);
    }

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Signify that this batch of input to the filter is finished.
   * 
   * @return true if there are instances pending output
   * @throws IllegalStateException if no input structure has been defined
   */
  @Override
  public boolean batchFinished() throws Exception {

    if (getInputFormat() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
    }

    if (outputFormatPeek() == null) {
      Instances toFilter = getInputFormat();
      Instances[] toFilterIgnoringAttributes;

      // Make subsets if class is nominal
      if ((toFilter.classIndex() >= 0) && toFilter.classAttribute().isNominal()) {
        toFilterIgnoringAttributes = new Instances[toFilter.numClasses()];
        for (int i = 0; i < toFilter.numClasses(); i++) {
          toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i] = new Instances(toFilter,
            toFilter.numInstances());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < toFilter.numInstances(); i++) {
          toFilterIgnoringAttributes[(int) toFilter.instance(i).classValue()]
            .add(toFilter.instance(i));
        }
        m_priors = new double[toFilter.numClasses()];
        for (int i = 0; i < toFilter.numClasses(); i++) {
          toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i].compactify();
          m_priors[i] = toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i].sumOfWeights();
        }
        Utils.normalize(m_priors);
      } else {
        toFilterIgnoringAttributes = new Instances[1];
        toFilterIgnoringAttributes[0] = toFilter;
        m_priors = new double[1];
        m_priors[0] = 1;
      }

      // filter out attributes if necessary
      for (int i = 0; i < toFilterIgnoringAttributes.length; i++) {
        toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i] = removeIgnored(toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i]);
      }

      // build the clusterers
      if ((toFilter.classIndex() <= 0)
        || !toFilter.classAttribute().isNominal()) {
        m_clusterers = AbstractDensityBasedClusterer.makeCopies(m_clusterer, 1);
        m_clusterers[0].buildClusterer(toFilterIgnoringAttributes[0]);
      } else {
        m_clusterers = AbstractDensityBasedClusterer.makeCopies(m_clusterer,
          toFilter.numClasses());
        for (int i = 0; i < m_clusterers.length; i++) {
          if (toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i].numInstances() == 0) {
            m_clusterers[i] = null;
          } else {
            m_clusterers[i].buildClusterer(toFilterIgnoringAttributes[i]);
          }
        }
      }

      // create output dataset
      ArrayList attInfo = new ArrayList();
      for (int j = 0; j < m_clusterers.length; j++) {
        if (m_clusterers[j] != null) {
          for (int i = 0; i < m_clusterers[j].numberOfClusters(); i++) {
            attInfo.add(new Attribute("pCluster_" + j + "_" + i));
          }
        }
      }
      if (toFilter.classIndex() >= 0) {
        attInfo.add((Attribute) toFilter.classAttribute().copy());
      }
      attInfo.trimToSize();
      Instances filtered = new Instances(toFilter.relationName()
        + "_clusterMembership", attInfo, 0);
      if (toFilter.classIndex() >= 0) {
        filtered.setClassIndex(filtered.numAttributes() - 1);
      }
      setOutputFormat(filtered);

      // build new dataset
      for (int i = 0; i < toFilter.numInstances(); i++) {
        convertInstance(toFilter.instance(i));
      }
    }
    flushInput();

    m_NewBatch = true;
    return (numPendingOutput() != 0);
  }

  /**
   * Input an instance for filtering. Ordinarily the instance is processed and
   * made available for output immediately. Some filters require all instances
   * be read before producing output.
   * 
   * @param instance the input instance
   * @return true if the filtered instance may now be collected with output().
   * @throws IllegalStateException if no input format has been defined.
   */
  @Override
  public boolean input(Instance instance) throws Exception {

    if (getInputFormat() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
    }
    if (m_NewBatch) {
      resetQueue();
      m_NewBatch = false;
    }

    if (outputFormatPeek() != null) {
      convertInstance(instance);
      return true;
    }

    bufferInput(instance);
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Converts logs back to density values.
   * 
   * @param j the index of the clusterer
   * @param in the instance to convert the logs back
   * @return the densities
   * @throws Exception if something goes wrong
   */
  protected double[] logs2densities(int j, Instance in) throws Exception {

    double[] logs = m_clusterers[j].logJointDensitiesForInstance(in);

    for (int i = 0; i < logs.length; i++) {
      logs[i] += Math.log(m_priors[j]);
    }
    return logs;
  }

  /**
   * Convert a single instance over. The converted instance is added to the end
   * of the output queue.
   * 
   * @param instance the instance to convert
   * @throws Exception if something goes wrong
   */
  protected void convertInstance(Instance instance) throws Exception {

    // set up values
    double[] instanceVals = new double[outputFormatPeek().numAttributes()];
    double[] tempvals;
    if (instance.classIndex() >= 0) {
      tempvals = new double[outputFormatPeek().numAttributes() - 1];
    } else {
      tempvals = new double[outputFormatPeek().numAttributes()];
    }
    int pos = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < m_clusterers.length; j++) {
      if (m_clusterers[j] != null) {
        double[] probs;
        if (m_removeAttributes != null) {
          m_removeAttributes.input(instance);
          probs = logs2densities(j, m_removeAttributes.output());
        } else {
          probs = logs2densities(j, instance);
        }
        System.arraycopy(probs, 0, tempvals, pos, probs.length);
        pos += probs.length;
      }
    }
    tempvals = Utils.logs2probs(tempvals);
    System.arraycopy(tempvals, 0, instanceVals, 0, tempvals.length);
    if (instance.classIndex() >= 0) {
      instanceVals[instanceVals.length - 1] = instance.classValue();
    }

    push(new DenseInstance(instance.weight(), instanceVals));
  }

  /**
   * Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
   * 
   * @return an enumeration of all the available options.
   */
  @Override
  public Enumeration listOptions() {

    Vector newVector = new Vector(2);

    newVector.addElement(new Option("\tFull name of clusterer to use. eg:\n"
      + "\t\tweka.clusterers.EM\n" + "\tAdditional options after the '--'.\n"
      + "\t(default: weka.clusterers.EM)", "W", 1, "-W "));

    newVector.addElement(new Option(
      "\tThe range of attributes the clusterer should ignore."
        + "\n\t(the class attribute is automatically ignored)", "I", 1,
      "-I "));

    return newVector.elements();
  }

  /**
   * Parses a given list of options.
   * 

   * 
   *  Valid options are:
   * 

   * 
   * 
   * -W <clusterer name>
   *  Full name of clusterer to use. eg:
   *   weka.clusterers.EM
   *  Additional options after the '--'.
   *  (default: weka.clusterers.EM)
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * -I <att1,att2-att4,...>
   *  The range of attributes the clusterer should ignore.
   *  (the class attribute is automatically ignored)
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * 
   * Options after the -- are passed on to the clusterer.
   * 
   * @param options the list of options as an array of strings
   * @throws Exception if an option is not supported
   */
  @Override
  public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {

    String clustererString = Utils.getOption('W', options);
    if (clustererString.length() == 0) {
      clustererString = weka.clusterers.EM.class.getName();
    }
    setDensityBasedClusterer((DensityBasedClusterer) Utils.forName(
      DensityBasedClusterer.class, clustererString,
      Utils.partitionOptions(options)));

    setIgnoredAttributeIndices(Utils.getOption('I', options));
    Utils.checkForRemainingOptions(options);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the current settings of the filter.
   * 
   * @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
   */
  @Override
  public String[] getOptions() {

    Vector options = new Vector();

    if (!getIgnoredAttributeIndices().equals("")) {
      options.add("-I");
      options.add(getIgnoredAttributeIndices());
    }

    if (m_clusterer != null) {
      options.add("-W");
      options.add(getDensityBasedClusterer().getClass().getName());
    }

    if ((m_clusterer != null) && (m_clusterer instanceof OptionHandler)) {
      String[] clustererOptions = ((OptionHandler) m_clusterer).getOptions();
      if (clustererOptions.length > 0) {
        options.add("--");
        Collections.addAll(options, clustererOptions);
      }
    }
    return options.toArray(new String[0]);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string describing this filter
   * 
   * @return a description of the filter suitable for displaying in the
   *         explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String globalInfo() {

    return "A filter that uses a density-based clusterer to generate cluster "
      + "membership values; filtered instances are composed of these values "
      + "plus the class attribute (if set in the input data). If a (nominal) "
      + "class attribute is set, the clusterer is run separately for each "
      + "class. The class attribute (if set) and any user-specified "
      + "attributes are ignored during the clustering operation";
  }

  /**
   * Returns a description of this option suitable for display as a tip text in
   * the gui.
   * 
   * @return description of this option
   */
  public String densityBasedClustererTipText() {
    return "The clusterer that will generate membership values for the instances.";
  }

  /**
   * Set the clusterer for use in filtering
   * 
   * @param newClusterer the clusterer to use
   */
  public void setDensityBasedClusterer(DensityBasedClusterer newClusterer) {
    m_clusterer = newClusterer;
  }

  /**
   * Get the clusterer used by this filter
   * 
   * @return the clusterer used
   */
  public DensityBasedClusterer getDensityBasedClusterer() {
    return m_clusterer;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the tip text for this property
   * 
   * @return tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the
   *         explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String ignoredAttributeIndicesTipText() {

    return "The range of attributes to be ignored by the clusterer. eg: first-3,5,9-last";
  }

  /**
   * Gets ranges of attributes to be ignored.
   * 
   * @return a string containing a comma-separated list of ranges
   */
  public String getIgnoredAttributeIndices() {

    if (m_ignoreAttributesRange == null) {
      return "";
    } else {
      return m_ignoreAttributesRange.getRanges();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sets the ranges of attributes to be ignored. If provided string is null, no
   * attributes will be ignored.
   * 
   * @param rangeList a string representing the list of attributes. eg:
   *          first-3,5,6-last
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if an invalid range list is supplied
   */
  public void setIgnoredAttributeIndices(String rangeList) {

    if ((rangeList == null) || (rangeList.length() == 0)) {
      m_ignoreAttributesRange = null;
    } else {
      m_ignoreAttributesRange = new Range();
      m_ignoreAttributesRange.setRanges(rangeList);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the revision string.
   * 
   * @return the revision
   */
  @Override
  public String getRevision() {
    return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 14534 $");
  }

  /**
   * Main method for testing this class.
   * 
   * @param argv should contain arguments to the filter: use -h for help
   */
  public static void main(String[] argv) {
    runFilter(new ClusterMembership(), argv);
  }
}