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Common utilities shared in Alluxio core modules
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/*
 * The Alluxio Open Foundation licenses this work under the Apache License, version 2.0
 * (the "License"). You may not use this work except in compliance with the License, which is
 * available at www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied, as more fully set forth in the License.
 *
 * See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for information regarding copyright ownership.
 */

package alluxio.collections;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;

/**
 * A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG).
 *
 * @param  the payload of each node
 */
@NotThreadSafe
public class DirectedAcyclicGraph {
  private final List> mRoots;
  private final Map> mIndex;

  /**
   * A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG).
   */
  public DirectedAcyclicGraph() {
    mRoots = new ArrayList<>();
    mIndex = new HashMap<>();
  }

  /**
   * Adds a node to the DAG, that takes the given payload and depends on the specified parents.
   *
   * @param payload the payload
   * @param parents the parents of the created node
   */
  public void add(T payload, List parents) {
    // This checks the payload doesn't exist in the graph, and therefore prevents cycles.
    Preconditions.checkState(!contains(payload), "the payload already exists in the DAG");

    // construct the new node
    DirectedAcyclicGraphNode newNode = new DirectedAcyclicGraphNode<>(payload);
    mIndex.put(payload, newNode);

    if (parents.isEmpty()) {
      // add to root
      mRoots.add(newNode);
    } else {
      // find parent nodes
      for (T parent : parents) {
        Preconditions.checkState(contains(parent),
            "the parent payload " + parent + " does not exist in the DAG");
        DirectedAcyclicGraphNode parentNode = mIndex.get(parent);
        parentNode.addChild(newNode);
        newNode.addParent(parentNode);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Deletes a leaf DAG node that carries the given payload.
   *
   * @param payload the payload of the node to delete
   */
  public void deleteLeaf(T payload) {
    Preconditions.checkState(contains(payload), "the node does not exist");
    DirectedAcyclicGraphNode node = mIndex.get(payload);
    Preconditions.checkState(node.getChildren().isEmpty(), "the node is not a leaf");

    // delete from parent
    for (DirectedAcyclicGraphNode parent : node.getParents()) {
      parent.removeChild(node);
    }

    // remove from index
    mIndex.remove(payload);

    if (node.getParents().isEmpty()) {
      mRoots.remove(node);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a node with the given payload is in the DAG.
   *
   * @param payload the payload of the node to check
   * @return true if there a node in the DAG contains the given value as payload, false otherwise
   */
  public boolean contains(T payload) {
    return mIndex.containsKey(payload);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the payloads for the children of the given node.
   *
   * @param payload the payload of the parent node
   * @return the children's payloads, an empty list if the given payload doesn't exist in the DAG
   */
  public List getChildren(T payload) {
    List children = new ArrayList<>();
    if (!mIndex.containsKey(payload)) {
      return children;
    }
    DirectedAcyclicGraphNode node = mIndex.get(payload);
    for (DirectedAcyclicGraphNode child : node.getChildren()) {
      children.add(child.getPayload());
    }
    return children;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the payloads for the given nodes parents.
   *
   * @param payload the payload of the children node
   * @return the parents' payloads, an empty list if the given payload doesn't exist in the DAG
   */
  public List getParents(T payload) {
    List parents = new ArrayList<>();
    if (!mIndex.containsKey(payload)) {
      return parents;
    }
    DirectedAcyclicGraphNode node = mIndex.get(payload);
    for (DirectedAcyclicGraphNode parent : node.getParents()) {
      parents.add(parent.getPayload());
    }
    return parents;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a given payload is in a root of the DAG.
   *
   * @param payload the payload to check for root
   * @return true if the payload is in the root of the DAG, false otherwise
   */
  public boolean isRoot(T payload) {
    if (!contains(payload)) {
      return false;
    }
    return mRoots.contains(mIndex.get(payload));
  }

  /**
   * Gets the payloads of all the root nodes of the DAG.
   *
   * @return all the root payloads
   */
  public List getRoots() {
    List roots = new ArrayList<>();
    for (DirectedAcyclicGraphNode root : mRoots) {
      roots.add(root.getPayload());
    }
    return roots;
  }

  /**
   * Sorts a given set of payloads topologically based on the DAG. This method requires all the
   * payloads to be in the DAG.
   *
   * @param payloads the set of input payloads
   * @return the payloads after topological sort
   */
  public List sortTopologically(Set payloads) {
    List result = new ArrayList<>();

    Set input = new HashSet<>(payloads);
    Deque> toVisit = new ArrayDeque<>(mRoots);
    while (!toVisit.isEmpty()) {
      DirectedAcyclicGraphNode visit = toVisit.removeFirst();
      T payload = visit.getPayload();
      if (input.remove(payload)) {
        result.add(visit.getPayload());
      }
      toVisit.addAll(visit.getChildren());
    }

    Preconditions.checkState(input.isEmpty(), "Not all the given payloads are in the DAG: ",
        input);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets all payloads of the DAG in the topological order.
   *
   * @return the payloads of all the nodes in topological order
   */
  public List getAllInTopologicalOrder() {
    return sortTopologically(mIndex.keySet());
  }
}