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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.log4j;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.OptionConverter;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.PatternConverter;
import org.apache.log4j.pattern.BridgePatternConverter;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
// Contributors: Nelson Minar
// Anders Kristensen
/**
* This class is an enhanced version of org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout which was originally developed as part of the
* abandoned log4j 1.3 effort and has been available in the extras companion. This pattern layout should be used in
* preference to org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout except when compatibility where PatternLayout has been extended either
* through subclassing or alternative pattern parsers.
*
*
*
* A flexible layout configurable with pattern string. The goal of this class is to {@link #format format} a
* {@link LoggingEvent} and return the results in a {@link StringBuffer}. The format of the result depends on the
* conversion pattern.
*
*
*
* The conversion pattern is closely related to the conversion pattern of the printf function in C. A conversion pattern
* is composed of literal text and format control expressions called conversion specifiers.
*
*
* Note that you are free to insert any literal text within the conversion
* pattern.
*
*
*
* Each conversion specifier starts with a percent sign (%) and is followed by optional format modifiers and a
* conversion character. The conversion character specifies the type of data, e.g. category, priority, date,
* thread name. The format modifiers control such things as field width, padding, left and right justification. The
* following is a simple example.
*
*
* Let the conversion pattern be "%-5p [%t]: %m%n" and assume that the log4j environment was set to use a
* EnhancedPatternLayout. Then the statements
*
*
* Category root = Category.getRoot();
* root.debug("Message 1");
* root.warn("Message 2");
*
*
* would yield the output
*
*
* DEBUG [main]: Message 1
* WARN [main]: Message 2
*
*
*
* Note that there is no explicit separator between text and conversion specifiers. The pattern parser knows when it has
* reached the end of a conversion specifier when it reads a conversion character. In the example above the conversion
* specifier %-5p means the priority of the logging event should be left justified to a width of five
* characters.
*
* The recognized conversion characters are
*
*
*
* Conversion Character
* Effect
*
*
* c
*
* Used to output the category of the logging event. The category conversion
* specifier can be optionally followed by NameAbbreviator pattern.
*
*
* For example, for the category name "alpha.beta.gamma" the pattern
* %c{2} will output the last two elements ("beta.gamma"), %c{-2}
* will remove two elements leaving "gamma", %c{1.} will output
* "a.b.gamma".
*
*
*
*
*
* C
*
* Used to output the fully qualified class name of the caller issuing the
* logging request. This conversion specifier can be optionally followed by
* precision specifier, that is a decimal constant in brackets.
*
* Used to output the category of the logging event. The category conversion
* specifier can be optionally followed by NameAbbreviator pattern.
*
*
* For example, for the category name "alpha.beta.gamma" the pattern
* %c{2} will output the last two elements ("beta.gamma"), %c{-2}
* will remove two elements leaving "gamma", %c{1.} will output
* "a.b.gamma".
*
*
* WARNING Generating the caller class information is slow. Thus, its use
* should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
*
*
*
*
*
* d
* Used to output the date of the logging event. The date conversion
* specifier may be followed by a set of braces containing a date and time
* pattern strings {@link java.text.SimpleDateFormat}, ABSOLUTE,
* DATE or ISO8601 and a set of braces containing a time zone
* id per {@link java.util.TimeZone#getTimeZone(String)}. For example,
* %d{HH:mm:ss,SSS}, %d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,SSS},
* %d{DATE} or %d{HH:mm:ss}{GMT+0}. If no date format specifier is
* given then ISO8601 format is assumed.
*
*
*
* F
*
* Used to output the file name where the logging request was issued.
*
*
* WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow and
* should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
*
*
*
*
* l
*
* Used to output location information of the caller which generated the
* logging event.
*
*
* The location information depends on the JVM implementation but usually
* consists of the fully qualified name of the calling method followed by the
* callers source the file name and line number between parentheses.
*
*
* The location information can be very useful. However, its generation is
* extremely slow and should be avoided unless execution speed is not
* an issue.
*
*
*
*
*
* L
*
* Used to output the line number from where the logging request was issued.
*
*
* WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow and
* should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
*
*
*
*
*
* m
* Used to output the application supplied message associated with the
* logging event.
*
*
*
* M
*
* Used to output the method name where the logging request was issued.
*
*
* WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow and
* should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
*
*
*
*
* n
*
* Outputs the platform dependent line separator character or characters.
*
*
* This conversion character offers practically the same performance as using
* non-portable line separator strings such as "\n", or "\r\n". Thus, it is the
* preferred way of specifying a line separator.
*
*
*
*
*
* p
* Used to output the priority of the logging event.
*
*
*
*
* r
*
* Used to output the number of milliseconds elapsed since the construction
* of the layout until the creation of the logging event.
*
*
*
*
* t
*
* Used to output the name of the thread that generated the logging
* event.
*
*
*
*
*
* x
*
* Used to output the NDC (nested diagnostic context) associated with the
* thread that generated the logging event.
*
*
*
*
* X
*
*
*
*
* Used to output the MDC (mapped diagnostic context) associated with the thread
* that generated the logging event. The X conversion character can be
* followed by the key for the map placed between braces, as in
* %X{clientNumber} where clientNumber is the key. The value
* in the MDC corresponding to the key will be output. If no additional
* sub-option is specified, then the entire contents of the MDC key value pair
* set is output using a format {{key1,val1},{key2,val2}}
*
*
*
* See {@link MDC} class for more details.
*
*
*
*
*
*
* properties
*
*
*
* Used to output the Properties associated with the logging event. The
* properties conversion word can be followed by the key for the map
* placed between braces, as in %properties{application} where
* application is the key. The value in the Properties bundle
* corresponding to the key will be output. If no additional sub-option is
* specified, then the entire contents of the Properties key value pair set is
* output using a format {{key1,val1},{key2,val2}}
*
*
*
*
*
* throwable
*
*
*
* Used to output the Throwable trace that has been bound to the LoggingEvent,
* by default this will output the full trace as one would normally find by a
* call to Throwable.printStackTrace(). %throwable{short} or
* %throwable{1} will output the first line of stack trace.
* throwable{none} or throwable{0} will suppress the stack trace.
* %throwable{n} will output n lines of stack trace if a positive integer
* or omit the last -n lines if a negative integer. If no %throwable pattern is
* specified, the appender will take responsibility to output the stack trace as
* it sees fit.
*
*
*
*
*
*
* %
*
* The sequence %% outputs a single percent sign.
*
*
*
*
*
* By default the relevant information is output as is. However, with the aid of
* format modifiers it is possible to change the minimum field width, the
* maximum field width and justification.
*
*
* The optional format modifier is placed between the percent sign and the
* conversion character.
*
*
* The first optional format modifier is the left justification flag
* which is just the minus (-) character. Then comes the optional minimum
* field width modifier. This is a decimal constant that represents the
* minimum number of characters to output. If the data item requires fewer
* characters, it is padded on either the left or the right until the minimum
* width is reached. The default is to pad on the left (right justify) but you
* can specify right padding with the left justification flag. The padding
* character is space. If the data item is larger than the minimum field width,
* the field is expanded to accommodate the data. The value is never truncated.
*
*
* This behavior can be changed using the maximum field width modifier
* which is designated by a period followed by a decimal constant. If the data
* item is longer than the maximum field, then the extra characters are removed
* from the beginning of the data item and not from the end. For
* example, it the maximum field width is eight and the data item is ten
* characters long, then the first two characters of the data item are dropped.
* This behavior deviates from the printf function in C where truncation is done
* from the end.
*
*
* Below are various format modifier examples for the category conversion
* specifier.
*
*
*
* Format modifier
* left justify
* minimum width
* maximum width
* comment
*
*
* %20c
* false
* 20
* none
*
* Left pad with spaces if the category name is less than 20 characters
* long.
*
*
* %-20c
* true
* 20
* none
* Right pad with spaces if the category name is less than 20 characters
* long.
*
*
* %.30c
* NA
* none
* 30
*
* Truncate from the beginning if the category name is longer than 30
* characters.
*
*
* %20.30c
* false
* 20
* 30
*
* Left pad with spaces if the category name is shorter than 20 characters.
* However, if category name is longer than 30 characters, then truncate from
* the beginning.
*
*
* %-20.30c
* true
* 20
* 30
*
* Right pad with spaces if the category name is shorter than 20 characters.
* However, if category name is longer than 30 characters, then truncate from
* the beginning.
*
*
*
*
* Below are some examples of conversion patterns.
*
*
*
*
*
- %r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n
*
*
- This is essentially the TTCC layout.
*
*
*
- %-6r [%15.15t] %-5p %30.30c %x - %m%n
*
*
*
- Similar to the TTCC layout except that the relative time is right padded
* if less than 6 digits, thread name is right padded if less than 15 characters
* and truncated if longer and the category name is left padded if shorter than
* 30 characters and truncated if longer.
*
*
*
*
* The above text is largely inspired from Peter A. Darnell and Philip E.
* Margolis' highly recommended book "C -- a Software Engineering Approach",
* ISBN 0-387-97389-3.
*
* @author James P. Cakalic
* @author Ceki Gülcü
* @since 1.2.16
*/
public class EnhancedPatternLayout extends Layout {
/**
* Default pattern string for log output. Currently set to the string
* "%m%n" which just prints the application supplied message.
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN = "%m%n";
/**
* A conversion pattern equivalent to the TTCCCLayout. Current value is %r [%t] %p %c %x - %m%n.
*/
public static final String TTCC_CONVERSION_PATTERN = "%r [%t] %p %c %x - %m%n";
/**
* Initial size of internal buffer, no longer used.
*
* @deprecated since 1.3
*/
protected final int BUF_SIZE = 256;
/**
* Maximum capacity of internal buffer, no longer used.
*
* @deprecated since 1.3
*/
protected final int MAX_CAPACITY = 1024;
/**
* Customized pattern conversion rules are stored under this key in the
* {@link org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggerRepository LoggerRepository} object store.
*/
public static final String PATTERN_RULE_REGISTRY = "PATTERN_RULE_REGISTRY";
/**
* Initial converter for pattern.
*/
private PatternConverter head;
/**
* Conversion pattern.
*/
private String conversionPattern;
/**
* True if any element in pattern formats information from exceptions.
*/
private boolean handlesExceptions;
/**
* Constructs a EnhancedPatternLayout using the DEFAULT_LAYOUT_PATTERN.
*
* The default pattern just produces the application supplied message.
*/
public EnhancedPatternLayout() {
this(DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN);
}
/**
* Constructs a EnhancedPatternLayout using the supplied conversion pattern.
*
* @param pattern conversion pattern.
*/
public EnhancedPatternLayout(final String pattern) {
this.conversionPattern = pattern;
head = createPatternParser((pattern == null) ? DEFAULT_CONVERSION_PATTERN : pattern).parse();
if (head instanceof BridgePatternConverter) {
handlesExceptions = !((BridgePatternConverter) head).ignoresThrowable();
} else {
handlesExceptions = false;
}
}
/**
* Set the ConversionPattern option. This is the string which controls formatting and consists of a mix of
* literal content and conversion specifiers.
*
* @param conversionPattern conversion pattern.
*/
public void setConversionPattern(final String conversionPattern) {
this.conversionPattern = OptionConverter.convertSpecialChars(conversionPattern);
head = createPatternParser(this.conversionPattern).parse();
if (head instanceof BridgePatternConverter) {
handlesExceptions = !((BridgePatternConverter) head).ignoresThrowable();
} else {
handlesExceptions = false;
}
}
/**
* Returns the value of the ConversionPattern option.
*
* @return conversion pattern.
*/
public String getConversionPattern() {
return conversionPattern;
}
/**
* Returns PatternParser used to parse the conversion string. Subclasses may override this to return a subclass of
* PatternParser which recognize custom conversion characters.
*
* @since 0.9.0
*/
protected org.apache.log4j.helpers.PatternParser createPatternParser(String pattern) {
return new org.apache.log4j.pattern.BridgePatternParser(pattern);
}
/**
* Activates the conversion pattern. Do not forget to call this method after you change the parameters of the
* EnhancedPatternLayout instance.
*/
public void activateOptions() {
// nothing to do.
}
/**
* Formats a logging event to a writer.
*
* @param event logging event to be formatted.
*/
public String format(final LoggingEvent event) {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
for (PatternConverter c = head; c != null; c = c.next) {
c.format(buf, event);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
* Will return false if any of the conversion specifiers in the pattern handles {@link Exception Exceptions}.
*
* @return true if the pattern formats any information from exceptions.
*/
public boolean ignoresThrowable() {
return !handlesExceptions;
}
}