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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static org.apache.brooklyn.util.JavaGroovyEquivalents.elvis;
import static org.apache.brooklyn.util.JavaGroovyEquivalents.groovyTruth;
import static org.apache.brooklyn.util.ssh.BashCommands.sbinPath;
import static org.jclouds.util.Throwables2.getFirstThrowableOfType;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException;

import org.apache.brooklyn.api.entity.Entity;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.LocationSpec;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.MachineLocation;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.MachineLocationCustomizer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.MachineManagementMixins;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.NoMachinesAvailableException;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.location.PortRange;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.mgmt.AccessController;
import org.apache.brooklyn.api.mgmt.Task;
import org.apache.brooklyn.config.ConfigKey;
import org.apache.brooklyn.config.ConfigKey.HasConfigKey;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.config.ConfigUtils;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.config.Sanitizer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.AbstractLocation;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.BasicMachineMetadata;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.LocationConfigKeys;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.LocationConfigUtils;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.LocationConfigUtils.OsCredential;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.PortRanges;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.access.PortForwardManager;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.access.PortForwardManagerLocationResolver;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.access.PortMapping;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.cloud.AbstractCloudMachineProvisioningLocation;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.cloud.AvailabilityZoneExtension;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.cloud.names.AbstractCloudMachineNamer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.cloud.names.CloudMachineNamer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.location.internal.LocationInternal;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.mgmt.internal.LocalLocationManager;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.mgmt.persist.LocationWithObjectStore;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.mgmt.persist.PersistenceObjectStore;
import org.apache.brooklyn.core.mgmt.persist.jclouds.JcloudsBlobStoreBasedObjectStore;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.networking.JcloudsPortForwarderExtension;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.templates.PortableTemplateBuilder;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.templates.customize.TemplateBuilderCustomizer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.templates.customize.TemplateBuilderCustomizers;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.templates.customize.TemplateOptionCustomizer;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.templates.customize.TemplateOptionCustomizers;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.jclouds.zone.AwsAvailabilityZoneExtension;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.ssh.SshMachineLocation;
import org.apache.brooklyn.location.winrm.WinRmMachineLocation;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.collections.CollectionMerger;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.collections.MutableList;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.collections.MutableMap;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.collections.MutableSet;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.ClassLoaderUtils;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.ResourceUtils;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.config.ConfigBag;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.config.ResolvingConfigBag;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.flags.SetFromFlag;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.internal.ssh.ShellTool;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.internal.ssh.SshTool;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.internal.winrm.WinRmTool;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.internal.winrm.WinRmToolResponse;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.DynamicTasks;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.DynamicTasks.TaskQueueingResult;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.TaskBuilder;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.TaskInternal;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.Tasks;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.task.ssh.SshTasks;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.core.text.TemplateProcessor;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.exceptions.CompoundRuntimeException;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.exceptions.Exceptions;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.exceptions.ReferenceWithError;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.exceptions.UserFacingException;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.guava.Maybe;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.javalang.Reflections;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.net.Cidr;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.net.Networking;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.net.Protocol;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.repeat.Repeater;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.ssh.BashCommands;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.ssh.IptablesCommands;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.ssh.IptablesCommands.Chain;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.ssh.IptablesCommands.Policy;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.stream.Streams;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.text.KeyValueParser;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.text.StringPredicates;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.text.Strings;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.time.Duration;
import org.apache.brooklyn.util.time.Time;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
import org.jclouds.compute.ComputeService;
import org.jclouds.compute.RunNodesException;
import org.jclouds.compute.config.AdminAccessConfiguration;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.ComputeMetadata;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.Hardware;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.Image;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.NodeMetadata;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.NodeMetadata.Status;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.NodeMetadataBuilder;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.OperatingSystem;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.OsFamily;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.Template;
import org.jclouds.compute.domain.TemplateBuilder;
import org.jclouds.compute.options.TemplateOptions;
import org.jclouds.domain.Credentials;
import org.jclouds.domain.LocationScope;
import org.jclouds.domain.LoginCredentials;
import org.jclouds.rest.AuthorizationException;
import org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.Statement;
import org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.StatementList;
import org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.functions.InitAdminAccess;
import org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.statements.ssh.AuthorizeRSAPublicKeys;
import org.jclouds.softlayer.compute.options.SoftLayerTemplateOptions;
import org.jclouds.util.Predicates2;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
import com.google.common.base.Supplier;
import com.google.common.base.Suppliers;
import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets.SetView;
import com.google.common.net.HostAndPort;

/**
 * For provisioning and managing VMs in a particular provider/region, using jclouds.
 * Configuration flags are defined in {@link JcloudsLocationConfig}.
 */
public class JcloudsLocation extends AbstractCloudMachineProvisioningLocation implements
        JcloudsLocationConfig, MachineManagementMixins.RichMachineProvisioningLocation,
        LocationWithObjectStore, MachineManagementMixins.SuspendResumeLocation {

    // TODO After converting from Groovy to Java, this is now very bad code! It relies entirely on putting
    // things into and taking them out of maps; it's not type-safe, and it's thus very error-prone.
    // In Groovy, that's considered ok but not in Java.

    // TODO test (and fix) ability to set config keys from flags

    // TODO we say config is inherited, but it isn't the case for many "deep" / jclouds properties
    // e.g. when we pass getRawLocalConfigBag() in and decorate it with additional flags
    // (inheritance only works when we call getConfig in this class)

    public static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JcloudsLocation.class);

    public static final String ROOT_USERNAME = "root";
    /** these userNames are known to be the preferred/required logins in some common/default images
     *  where root@ is not allowed to log in */
    public static final List ROOT_ALIASES = ImmutableList.of("ubuntu", "centos", "ec2-user");
    public static final List COMMON_USER_NAMES_TO_TRY = ImmutableList.builder().add(ROOT_USERNAME).addAll(ROOT_ALIASES).add("admin").build();

    private static final int NOTES_MAX_LENGTH = 1000;

    @VisibleForTesting
    static final String AWS_VPC_HELP_URL = "http://brooklyn.apache.org/v/latest/ops/locations/index.html#ec2-classic-problems-with-vpc-only-hardware-instance-types";

    private final AtomicBoolean listedAvailableTemplatesOnNoSuchTemplate = new AtomicBoolean(false);

    private final Map> tagMapping = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();

    @SetFromFlag // so it's persisted
    private final Map vmInstanceIds = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();

    static { Networking.init(); }

    public JcloudsLocation() {
        super();
    }

    /** typically wants at least ACCESS_IDENTITY and ACCESS_CREDENTIAL */
    public JcloudsLocation(Map conf) {
       super(conf);
    }

    @Override
    @Deprecated
    public JcloudsLocation configure(Map properties) {
        super.configure(properties);

        if (config().getLocalBag().containsKey("providerLocationId")) {
            LOG.warn("Using deprecated 'providerLocationId' key in "+this);
            if (!config().getLocalBag().containsKey(CLOUD_REGION_ID))
                config().putAll(MutableMap.of(CLOUD_REGION_ID.getName(), (String)config().getLocalBag().getStringKey("providerLocationId")));
        }

        if (isDisplayNameAutoGenerated() || !groovyTruth(getDisplayName())) {
            setDisplayName(elvis(getProvider(), "unknown") +
                   (groovyTruth(getRegion()) ? ":"+getRegion() : "") +
                   (groovyTruth(getEndpoint()) ? ":"+getEndpoint() : ""));
        }

        if (getConfig(MACHINE_CREATION_SEMAPHORE) == null) {
            Integer maxConcurrent = getConfig(MAX_CONCURRENT_MACHINE_CREATIONS);
            if (maxConcurrent == null || maxConcurrent < 1) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(MAX_CONCURRENT_MACHINE_CREATIONS.getName() + " must be >= 1, but was "+maxConcurrent);
            }
            config().set(MACHINE_CREATION_SEMAPHORE, new Semaphore(maxConcurrent, true));
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public void init() {
        super.init();
        if ("aws-ec2".equals(getProvider())) {
            addExtension(AvailabilityZoneExtension.class, new AwsAvailabilityZoneExtension(getManagementContext(), this));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public JcloudsLocation newSubLocation(Map newFlags) {
        return newSubLocation(getClass(), newFlags);
    }

    @Override
    public JcloudsLocation newSubLocation(Class type, Map newFlags) {
        // TODO should be able to use ConfigBag.newInstanceExtending; would require moving stuff around to api etc
        return (JcloudsLocation) getManagementContext().getLocationManager().createLocation(LocationSpec.create(type)
                .parent(this)
                .configure(config().getLocalBag().getAllConfig())  // FIXME Should this just be inherited?
                .configure(MACHINE_CREATION_SEMAPHORE, getMachineCreationSemaphore())
                .configure(newFlags));
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        Object identity = getIdentity();
        String configDescription = config().getLocalBag().getDescription();
        if (configDescription!=null && configDescription.startsWith(getClass().getSimpleName()))
            return configDescription;
        return getClass().getSimpleName()+"["+getDisplayName()+":"+(identity != null ? identity : null)+
                (configDescription!=null ? "/"+configDescription : "") + "@" + getId() + "]";
    }

    @Override
    public String toVerboseString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this).omitNullValues()
                .add("id", getId()).add("name", getDisplayName()).add("identity", getIdentity())
                .add("description", config().getLocalBag().getDescription()).add("provider", getProvider())
                .add("region", getRegion()).add("endpoint", getEndpoint())
                .toString();
    }

    public String getProvider() {
        return getConfig(CLOUD_PROVIDER);
    }

    public String getIdentity() {
        return getConfig(ACCESS_IDENTITY);
    }

    public String getCredential() {
        return getConfig(ACCESS_CREDENTIAL);
    }

    /** returns the location ID used by the provider, if set, e.g. us-west-1 */
    public String getRegion() {
        return getConfig(CLOUD_REGION_ID);
    }

    public String getEndpoint() {
        return (String) config().getBag().getWithDeprecation(CLOUD_ENDPOINT, JCLOUDS_KEY_ENDPOINT);
    }

    public String getUser(ConfigBag config) {
        return (String) config.getWithDeprecation(USER, JCLOUDS_KEY_USERNAME);
    }

    public boolean isWindows(Template template, ConfigBag config) {
        return isWindows(template.getImage(), config);
    }

    /**
     * Whether VMs provisioned from this image will be Windows. Assume windows if the image
     * explicitly says so, or if image does not tell us then fall back to whether the config
     * explicitly says windows in {@link JcloudsLocationConfig#OS_FAMILY}.
     *
     * Will first look at {@link JcloudsLocationConfig#OS_FAMILY_OVERRIDE}, to check if that
     * is set. If so, no further checks are done: the value is compared against {@link OsFamily#WINDOWS}.
     *
     * We believe the config (e.g. from brooklyn.properties) because for some clouds there is
     * insufficient meta-data so the Image might not tell us. Thus a user can work around it
     * by explicitly supplying configuration.
     */
    public boolean isWindows(Image image, ConfigBag config) {
        OsFamily override = config.get(OS_FAMILY_OVERRIDE);
        if (override != null) return override == OsFamily.WINDOWS;

        OsFamily confFamily = config.get(OS_FAMILY);
        OperatingSystem os = (image != null) ? image.getOperatingSystem() : null;
        return (os != null && os.getFamily() != OsFamily.UNRECOGNIZED)
                ? (OsFamily.WINDOWS == os.getFamily())
                : (OsFamily.WINDOWS == confFamily);
    }

    /**
     * Whether the given VM is Windows.
     *
     * @see #isWindows(Image, ConfigBag)
     */
    public boolean isWindows(NodeMetadata node, ConfigBag config) {
        OsFamily override = config.get(OS_FAMILY_OVERRIDE);
        if (override != null) return override == OsFamily.WINDOWS;

        OsFamily confFamily = config.get(OS_FAMILY);
        OperatingSystem os = (node != null) ? node.getOperatingSystem() : null;
        return (os != null && os.getFamily() != OsFamily.UNRECOGNIZED)
                ? (OsFamily.WINDOWS == os.getFamily())
                : (OsFamily.WINDOWS == confFamily);
    }

    public boolean isLocationFirewalldEnabled(SshMachineLocation location) {
        int result = location.execCommands("checking if firewalld is active",
                ImmutableList.of(IptablesCommands.firewalldServiceIsActive()));
        return result == 0;
    }

    protected Semaphore getMachineCreationSemaphore() {
        return checkNotNull(getConfig(MACHINE_CREATION_SEMAPHORE), MACHINE_CREATION_SEMAPHORE.getName());
    }

    protected CloudMachineNamer getCloudMachineNamer(ConfigBag config) {
        String namerClass = config.get(LocationConfigKeys.CLOUD_MACHINE_NAMER_CLASS);
        if (Strings.isNonBlank(namerClass)) {
            Maybe cloudNamer = Reflections.invokeConstructorFromArgs(getManagementContext().getCatalogClassLoader(), CloudMachineNamer.class, namerClass);
            if (cloudNamer.isPresent()) {
                return cloudNamer.get();
            } else {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create CloudMachineNamer "+namerClass+" for location "+this);
            }
        } else {
            return new JcloudsMachineNamer();
        }
    }

    public Collection getCustomizers(ConfigBag setup) {
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        JcloudsLocationCustomizer customizer = setup.get(JCLOUDS_LOCATION_CUSTOMIZER);
        Collection customizers = setup.get(JCLOUDS_LOCATION_CUSTOMIZERS);
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        String customizerType = setup.get(JCLOUDS_LOCATION_CUSTOMIZER_TYPE);
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        String customizersSupplierType = setup.get(JCLOUDS_LOCATION_CUSTOMIZERS_SUPPLIER_TYPE);

        ClassLoader catalogClassLoader = getManagementContext().getCatalogClassLoader();
        List result = new ArrayList();
        if (customizer != null) result.add(customizer);
        if (customizers != null) result.addAll(customizers);
        if (Strings.isNonBlank(customizerType)) {
            Maybe customizerByType = Reflections.invokeConstructorFromArgs(catalogClassLoader, JcloudsLocationCustomizer.class, customizerType, setup);
            if (customizerByType.isPresent()) {
                result.add(customizerByType.get());
            } else {
                customizerByType = Reflections.invokeConstructorFromArgs(catalogClassLoader, JcloudsLocationCustomizer.class, customizerType);
                if (customizerByType.isPresent()) {
                    result.add(customizerByType.get());
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create JcloudsLocationCustomizer "+customizersSupplierType+" for location "+this);
                }
            }
        }
        if (Strings.isNonBlank(customizersSupplierType)) {
            Maybe>> supplier = Reflections.>>invokeConstructorFromArgsUntyped(catalogClassLoader, customizersSupplierType, setup);
            if (supplier.isPresent()) {
                result.addAll(supplier.get().get());
            } else {
                supplier = Reflections.>>invokeConstructorFromArgsUntyped(catalogClassLoader, customizersSupplierType);
                if (supplier.isPresent()) {
                    result.addAll(supplier.get().get());
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create JcloudsLocationCustomizer supplier "+customizersSupplierType+" for location "+this);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public ConnectivityResolver getLocationNetworkInfoCustomizer(ConfigBag setup) {
        ConnectivityResolver configured = setup.get(CONNECTIVITY_RESOLVER);
        return (configured != null) ? configured : new DefaultConnectivityResolver();
    }

    protected Collection getMachineCustomizers(ConfigBag setup) {
        Collection customizers = setup.get(MACHINE_LOCATION_CUSTOMIZERS);
        return (customizers == null ? ImmutableList.of() : customizers);
    }

    public void setDefaultImageId(String val) {
        config().set(DEFAULT_IMAGE_ID, val);
    }

    // TODO remove tagMapping, or promote it
    // (i think i favour removing it, letting the config come in from the entity)

    public void setTagMapping(Map> val) {
        tagMapping.clear();
        tagMapping.putAll(val);
    }

    // TODO Decide on semantics. If I give "TomcatServer" and "Ubuntu", then must I get back an image that matches both?
    // Currently, just takes first match that it finds...
    @Override
    public Map getProvisioningFlags(Collection tags) {
        Map result = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
        Collection unmatchedTags = Lists.newArrayList();
        for (String it : tags) {
            if (groovyTruth(tagMapping.get(it)) && !groovyTruth(result)) {
                result.putAll(tagMapping.get(it));
            } else {
                unmatchedTags.add(it);
            }
        }
        if (unmatchedTags.size() > 0) {
            LOG.debug("Location {}, failed to match provisioning tags {}", this, unmatchedTags);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static final Set> getAllSupportedProperties() {
        Set configsOnClass = Sets.newLinkedHashSet(
            Iterables.transform(ConfigUtils.getStaticKeysOnClass(JcloudsLocation.class),
                new Function,String>() {
                    @Override @Nullable
                    public String apply(@Nullable HasConfigKey input) {
                        return input.getConfigKey().getName();
                    }
                }));
        Set> configKeysInList = ImmutableSet.>builder()
                .addAll(SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_BUILDER_PROPERTIES.keySet())
                .addAll(SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_OPTIONS_PROPERTIES.keySet())
                .build();
        Set configsInList = Sets.newLinkedHashSet(
            Iterables.transform(configKeysInList,
            new Function,String>() {
                @Override @Nullable
                public String apply(@Nullable ConfigKey input) {
                    return input.getName();
                }
            }));

        SetView extrasInList = Sets.difference(configsInList, configsOnClass);
        // notInList is normal
        if (!extrasInList.isEmpty())
            LOG.warn("JcloudsLocation supported properties differs from config defined on class: " + extrasInList);
        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(configKeysInList);
    }

    public ComputeService getComputeService() {
        return getComputeService(MutableMap.of());
    }
    public ComputeService getComputeService(Map flags) {
        ConfigBag conf = (flags==null || flags.isEmpty())
                ? config().getBag()
                : ConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(config().getBag(), flags);
        return getComputeService(conf);
    }

    public ComputeService getComputeService(ConfigBag config) {
        ComputeServiceRegistry registry = getConfig(COMPUTE_SERVICE_REGISTRY);
        return registry.findComputeService(ResolvingConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(getManagementContext(), config), true);
    }

    /** @deprecated since 0.7.0 use {@link #listMachines()} */ @Deprecated
    public Set listNodes() {
        return listNodes(MutableMap.of());
    }
    /** @deprecated since 0.7.0 use {@link #listMachines()}.
     * (no support for custom compute service flags; if that is needed, we'll have to introduce a new method,
     * but it seems there are no usages) */ @Deprecated
    public Set listNodes(Map flags) {
        return getComputeService(flags).listNodes();
    }

    @Override
    public Map listMachines() {
        Set nodes =
            getRegion()!=null ? getComputeService().listNodesDetailsMatching(JcloudsPredicates.nodeInLocation(getRegion(), true))
                : getComputeService().listNodes();
        Map result = new LinkedHashMap();

        for (ComputeMetadata node: nodes)
            result.put(node.getId(), getMachineMetadata(node));

        return result;
    }

    protected MachineManagementMixins.MachineMetadata getMachineMetadata(ComputeMetadata node) {
        if (node==null)
            return null;
        return new BasicMachineMetadata(node.getId(), node.getName(),
            ((node instanceof NodeMetadata) ? Iterators.tryFind( ((NodeMetadata)node).getPublicAddresses().iterator(), Predicates.alwaysTrue() ).orNull() : null),
            ((node instanceof NodeMetadata) ? ((NodeMetadata)node).getStatus()==Status.RUNNING : null),
            node);
    }

    @Override
    public MachineManagementMixins.MachineMetadata getMachineMetadata(MachineLocation l) {
        if (l instanceof JcloudsSshMachineLocation) {
            return getMachineMetadata(getComputeService().getNodeMetadata(((JcloudsSshMachineLocation) l).getJcloudsId()));
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void killMachine(String cloudServiceId) {
        getComputeService().destroyNode(cloudServiceId);
    }

    @Override
    public void killMachine(MachineLocation l) {
        MachineManagementMixins.MachineMetadata m = getMachineMetadata(l);
        if (m==null) throw new NoSuchElementException("Machine "+l+" is not known at "+this);
        killMachine(m.getId());
    }

    /** can generate a string describing where something is being created
     * (provider, region/location and/or endpoint, callerContext);
     * previously set on the config bag, but not any longer (Sept 2016) as config is treated like entities */
    protected String getCreationString(ConfigBag config) {
        return elvis(config.get(CLOUD_PROVIDER), "unknown")+
                (config.containsKey(CLOUD_REGION_ID) ? ":"+config.get(CLOUD_REGION_ID) : "")+
                (config.containsKey(CLOUD_ENDPOINT) ? ":"+config.get(CLOUD_ENDPOINT) : "")+
                (config.containsKey(CALLER_CONTEXT) ? "@"+config.get(CALLER_CONTEXT) : "");
    }

    // ----------------- obtaining a new machine ------------------------
    public MachineLocation obtain() throws NoMachinesAvailableException {
        return obtain(MutableMap.of());
    }
    public MachineLocation obtain(TemplateBuilder tb) throws NoMachinesAvailableException {
        return obtain(MutableMap.of(), tb);
    }
    public MachineLocation obtain(Map flags, TemplateBuilder tb) throws NoMachinesAvailableException {
        return obtain(MutableMap.builder().putAll(flags).put(TEMPLATE_BUILDER, tb).build());
    }

    /** core method for obtaining a VM using jclouds;
     * Map should contain CLOUD_PROVIDER and CLOUD_ENDPOINT or CLOUD_REGION, depending on the cloud,
     * as well as ACCESS_IDENTITY and ACCESS_CREDENTIAL,
     * plus any further properties to specify e.g. images, hardware profiles, accessing user
     * (for initial login, and a user potentially to create for subsequent ie normal access) */
    @Override
    public MachineLocation obtain(Map flags) throws NoMachinesAvailableException {
        ConfigBag setupRaw = ConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(config().getBag(), flags);
        ConfigBag setup = ResolvingConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(getManagementContext(), setupRaw);

        Map flagTemplateOptions = ConfigBag.newInstance(flags).get(TEMPLATE_OPTIONS);
        Map baseTemplateOptions = config().get(TEMPLATE_OPTIONS);
        Map templateOptions = (Map) shallowMerge(Maybe.fromNullable(flagTemplateOptions), Maybe.fromNullable(baseTemplateOptions), TEMPLATE_OPTIONS).orNull();
        setup.put(TEMPLATE_OPTIONS, templateOptions);

        Integer attempts = setup.get(MACHINE_CREATE_ATTEMPTS);
        List exceptions = Lists.newArrayList();
        if (attempts == null || attempts < 1) attempts = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= attempts; i++) {
            try {
                return obtainOnce(setup);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                LOG.warn("Attempt #{}/{} to obtain machine threw error: {}", new Object[]{i, attempts, e});
                exceptions.add(e);
            }
        }
        String msg = String.format("Failed to get VM after %d attempt%s.", attempts, attempts == 1 ? "" : "s");

        Exception cause = (exceptions.size() == 1)
                ? exceptions.get(0)
                : new CompoundRuntimeException(msg + " - "
                    + "First cause is "+exceptions.get(0)+" (listed in primary trace); "
                    + "plus " + (exceptions.size()-1) + " more (e.g. the last is "+exceptions.get(exceptions.size()-1)+")",
                    exceptions.get(0), exceptions);

        if (exceptions.get(exceptions.size()-1) instanceof NoMachinesAvailableException) {
            throw new NoMachinesAvailableException(msg, cause);
        } else {
            throw Exceptions.propagate(cause);
        }
    }

    protected ConnectivityResolverOptions.Builder getConnectivityOptionsBuilder(ConfigBag setup, boolean isWindows) {
        boolean waitForSshable = !"false".equalsIgnoreCase(setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.WAIT_FOR_SSHABLE));
        boolean waitForWinRmable = !"false".equalsIgnoreCase(setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.WAIT_FOR_WINRM_AVAILABLE));
        boolean waitForConnectable = isWindows ? waitForWinRmable : waitForSshable;

        boolean usePortForwarding = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.USE_PORT_FORWARDING);
        boolean skipJcloudsSshing = usePortForwarding ||
                Boolean.FALSE.equals(setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.USE_JCLOUDS_SSH_INIT));

        ConnectivityResolverOptions.Builder builder = ConnectivityResolverOptions.builder()
                .waitForConnectable(waitForConnectable)
                .usePortForwarding(usePortForwarding)
                .skipJcloudsSshing(skipJcloudsSshing);

        String pollForFirstReachable = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.POLL_FOR_FIRST_REACHABLE_ADDRESS);
        boolean pollEnabled = !"false".equalsIgnoreCase(pollForFirstReachable);

        if (pollEnabled) {
            Predicate reachableAddressesPredicate = getReachableAddressesPredicate(setup);
            Duration pollTimeout = "true".equals(pollForFirstReachable)
                                   ? Duration.FIVE_MINUTES
                                   : Duration.of(pollForFirstReachable);
            builder.pollForReachableAddresses(reachableAddressesPredicate, pollTimeout, true);
        }
        return builder;
    }

    protected MachineLocation obtainOnce(ConfigBag setup) throws NoMachinesAvailableException {
        AccessController.Response access = getManagementContext().getAccessController().canProvisionLocation(this);
        if (!access.isAllowed()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Access controller forbids provisioning in "+this+": "+access.getMsg());
        }

        Predicate reachablePredicate = getReachableAddressesPredicate(setup);
        ConnectivityResolverOptions options = getConnectivityOptionsBuilder(setup, false).build();

        // FIXME How do we influence the node.getLoginPort, so it is set correctly for Windows?
        // Setup port-forwarding, if required
        JcloudsPortForwarderExtension portForwarder = setup.get(PORT_FORWARDER);
        if (options.usePortForwarding()) checkNotNull(portForwarder, "portForwarder, when use-port-forwarding enabled");

        final ComputeService computeService = getComputeService(setup);
        CloudMachineNamer cloudMachineNamer = getCloudMachineNamer(setup);
        String groupId = elvis(setup.get(GROUP_ID), cloudMachineNamer.generateNewGroupId(setup));
        NodeMetadata node = null;
        JcloudsMachineLocation machineLocation = null;
        Duration semaphoreTimestamp = null;
        Duration templateTimestamp = null;
        Duration provisionTimestamp = null;
        Duration usableTimestamp = null;
        Duration customizedTimestamp = null;
        Stopwatch provisioningStopwatch = Stopwatch.createStarted();

        try {
            LOG.info("Creating VM "+getCreationString(setup)+" in "+this);

            Semaphore machineCreationSemaphore = getMachineCreationSemaphore();
            boolean acquired = machineCreationSemaphore.tryAcquire(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            if (!acquired) {
                LOG.info("Waiting in {} for machine-creation permit ({} other queuing requests already)", new Object[] {this, machineCreationSemaphore.getQueueLength()});
                Stopwatch blockStopwatch = Stopwatch.createStarted();
                machineCreationSemaphore.acquire();
                LOG.info("Acquired in {} machine-creation permit, after waiting {}", this, Time.makeTimeStringRounded(blockStopwatch));
            } else {
                LOG.debug("Acquired in {} machine-creation permit immediately", this);
            }
            semaphoreTimestamp = Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch);

            LoginCredentials userCredentials = null;
            Set nodes;
            Template template;
            Collection customizers = getCustomizers(setup);
            Collection machineCustomizers = getMachineCustomizers(setup);

            try {
                // Setup the template
                template = buildTemplate(computeService, setup, customizers);
                boolean expectWindows = isWindows(template, setup);
                if (!options.skipJcloudsSshing()) {
                    if (expectWindows) {
                        // TODO Was this too early to look at template.getImage? e.g. customizeTemplate could subsequently modify it.
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring invalid configuration for Windows provisioning of "+template.getImage()+": "+USE_JCLOUDS_SSH_INIT.getName()+" should be false");
                        options = options.toBuilder()
                                .skipJcloudsSshing(true)
                                .build();
                    } else if (options.waitForConnectable()) {
                        userCredentials = initTemplateForCreateUser(template, setup);
                    }
                }

                templateTimestamp = Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch);
                // "Name" metadata seems to set the display name; at least in AWS
                // TODO it would be nice if this salt comes from the location's ID (but we don't know that yet as the ssh machine location isn't created yet)
                // TODO in softlayer we want to control the suffix of the hostname which is 3 random hex digits
                template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("Name", cloudMachineNamer.generateNewMachineUniqueNameFromGroupId(setup, groupId));

                if (setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.INCLUDE_BROOKLYN_USER_METADATA)) {
                    template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-user", System.getProperty("user.name"));

                    Object context = setup.get(CALLER_CONTEXT);
                    if (context instanceof Entity) {
                        Entity entity = (Entity)context;
                        template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-app-id", entity.getApplicationId());
                        template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-app-name", entity.getApplication().getDisplayName());
                        template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-entity-id", entity.getId());
                        template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-entity-name", entity.getDisplayName());
                        template.getOptions().getUserMetadata().put("brooklyn-server-creation-date", Time.makeDateSimpleStampString());
                    }
                }

                customizeTemplate(computeService, template, customizers);

                LOG.debug("jclouds using template {} / options {} to provision machine in {}",
                        new Object[] {template, template.getOptions(), getCreationString(setup)});

                nodes = computeService.createNodesInGroup(groupId, 1, template);
                provisionTimestamp = Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch);
            } finally {
                machineCreationSemaphore.release();
            }

            node = Iterables.getOnlyElement(nodes, null);
            LOG.debug("jclouds created {} for {}", node, getCreationString(setup));
            if (node == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException("No nodes returned by jclouds create-nodes in " + getCreationString(setup));

            boolean windows = isWindows(node, setup);

            if (windows) {
                int newLoginPort = node.getLoginPort() == 22
                        ? (getConfig(WinRmMachineLocation.USE_HTTPS_WINRM) ? 5986 : 5985)
                        : node.getLoginPort();
                String newLoginUser = "root".equals(node.getCredentials().getUser())
                        ? "Administrator"
                        : node.getCredentials().getUser();
                LOG.debug("jclouds created Windows VM {}; transforming connection details: loginPort from {} to {}; loginUser from {} to {}",
                        new Object[] {node, node.getLoginPort(), newLoginPort, node.getCredentials().getUser(), newLoginUser});
                node = NodeMetadataBuilder.fromNodeMetadata(node)
                        .loginPort(newLoginPort)
                        .credentials(LoginCredentials.builder(node.getCredentials()).user(newLoginUser).build())
                        .build();
            }
            Optional portForwardSshOverride;
            if (options.usePortForwarding()) {
                portForwardSshOverride = Optional.of(portForwarder.openPortForwarding(
                        node,
                        node.getLoginPort(),
                        Optional.absent(),
                        Protocol.TCP,
                        Cidr.UNIVERSAL));
            } else {
                portForwardSshOverride = Optional.absent();
            }

            options = options.toBuilder()
                    .isWindows(windows)
                    .defaultLoginPort(node.getLoginPort())
                    .portForwardSshOverride(portForwardSshOverride.orNull())
                    .initialCredentials(node.getCredentials())
                    .userCredentials(userCredentials)
                    .build();

            ConnectivityResolver networkInfoCustomizer = getLocationNetworkInfoCustomizer(setup);

            ManagementAddressResolveResult hostPortCred = networkInfoCustomizer.resolve(this, node, setup, options);
            final HostAndPort managementHostAndPort = hostPortCred.hostAndPort();
            LoginCredentials creds = hostPortCred.credentials();
            LOG.info("Using host-and-port={} and user={} when connecting to {}",
                    new Object[]{managementHostAndPort, creds.getUser(), node});

            if (options.skipJcloudsSshing() && options.waitForConnectable()) {
                LoginCredentials createdCredentials = createUser(computeService, node, managementHostAndPort, creds, setup);
                if (createdCredentials != null) {
                    userCredentials = createdCredentials;
                }
            }
            if (userCredentials == null) {
                userCredentials = creds;
            }

            // store the credentials, in case they have changed
            putIfPresentButDifferent(setup, JcloudsLocationConfig.PASSWORD, userCredentials.getOptionalPassword().orNull());
            putIfPresentButDifferent(setup, JcloudsLocationConfig.PRIVATE_KEY_DATA, userCredentials.getOptionalPrivateKey().orNull());

            // Wait for the VM to be reachable over SSH
            if (options.waitForConnectable() && !options.isWindows()) {
                waitForSshable(computeService, node, managementHostAndPort, ImmutableList.of(userCredentials), setup);
            } else {
                LOG.debug("Skipping ssh check for {} ({}) due to config waitForConnectable={}, windows={}",
                        new Object[]{node, getCreationString(setup), options.waitForConnectable(), windows});
            }

            // Do not store the credentials on the node as this may leak the credentials if they
            // are obtained from an external supplier
            node = NodeMetadataBuilder.fromNodeMetadata(node).credentials(null).build();

            usableTimestamp = Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch);

            // Create a JcloudsSshMachineLocation, and register it
            if (windows) {
                machineLocation = registerWinRmMachineLocation(computeService, node, Optional.fromNullable(template), userCredentials, managementHostAndPort, setup);
            } else {
                machineLocation = registerJcloudsSshMachineLocation(computeService, node, Optional.fromNullable(template), userCredentials, managementHostAndPort, setup);
            }

            PortForwardManager portForwardManager = setup.get(PORT_FORWARDING_MANAGER);
            if (portForwardManager == null) {
                LOG.debug("No PortForwardManager, using default");
                portForwardManager = (PortForwardManager) getManagementContext().getLocationRegistry().getLocationManaged(PortForwardManagerLocationResolver.PFM_GLOBAL_SPEC);
            }

            if (options.usePortForwarding() && portForwardSshOverride.isPresent()) {
                // Now that we have the sshMachineLocation, we can associate the port-forwarding address with it.
                portForwardManager.associate(node.getId(), portForwardSshOverride.get(), machineLocation, node.getLoginPort());
            }

            if ("docker".equals(this.getProvider())) {
                if (windows) {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Docker not supported on Windows");
                }
                Map portMappings = JcloudsUtil.dockerPortMappingsFor(this, node.getId());
                for(Integer containerPort : portMappings.keySet()) {
                    Integer hostPort = portMappings.get(containerPort);
                    String dockerHost = ((JcloudsSshMachineLocation)machineLocation).getSshHostAndPort().getHostText();
                    portForwardManager.associate(node.getId(), HostAndPort.fromParts(dockerHost, hostPort), machineLocation, containerPort);
                }
            }

            List customisationForLogging = new ArrayList();
            // Apply same securityGroups rules to iptables, if iptables is running on the node
            if (options.waitForConnectable()) {

                String setupScript = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.CUSTOM_MACHINE_SETUP_SCRIPT_URL);
                List setupScripts = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.CUSTOM_MACHINE_SETUP_SCRIPT_URL_LIST);
                Collection allScripts = new MutableList().appendIfNotNull(setupScript).appendAll(setupScripts);
                for (String setupScriptItem : allScripts) {
                    if (Strings.isNonBlank(setupScriptItem)) {
                        customisationForLogging.add("custom setup script " + setupScriptItem);

                        String setupVarsString = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.CUSTOM_MACHINE_SETUP_SCRIPT_VARS);
                        Map substitutions = (setupVarsString != null)
                                ? Splitter.on(",").withKeyValueSeparator(":").split(setupVarsString)
                                : ImmutableMap.of();
                        String scriptContent = ResourceUtils.create(this).getResourceAsString(setupScriptItem);
                        String script = TemplateProcessor.processTemplateContents(scriptContent, getManagementContext(), substitutions);
                        if (windows) {
                            WinRmToolResponse resp = ((WinRmMachineLocation)machineLocation).executeCommand(ImmutableList.copyOf((script.replace("\r", "").split("\n"))));
                            if (resp.getStatusCode() != 0) {
                                throw new IllegalStateException("Command 'Customizing node " + this + "' failed with exit code " + resp.getStatusCode() + " for location " + machineLocation);
                            }
                        } else {
                            executeCommandThrowingOnError(
                                    (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                    "Customizing node " + this,
                                    ImmutableList.of(script));
                        }
                    }
                }

                Boolean dontRequireTtyForSudo = setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.DONT_REQUIRE_TTY_FOR_SUDO);
                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(dontRequireTtyForSudo) ||
                        (dontRequireTtyForSudo == null && setup.get(DONT_CREATE_USER))) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring flag DONT_REQUIRE_TTY_FOR_SUDO on Windows location {}", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        customisationForLogging.add("patch /etc/sudoers to disable requiretty");

                        queueLocationTask("patch /etc/sudoers to disable requiretty",
                                SshTasks.dontRequireTtyForSudo((SshMachineLocation)machineLocation, true).newTask().asTask());
                    }
                }

                if (setup.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.MAP_DEV_RANDOM_TO_DEV_URANDOM)) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring flag MAP_DEV_RANDOM_TO_DEV_URANDOM on Windows location {}", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        customisationForLogging.add("point /dev/random to urandom");

                        executeCommandThrowingOnError(
                                (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                "using urandom instead of random",
                                Arrays.asList(
                                        BashCommands.sudo("mv /dev/random /dev/random-real"),
                                        BashCommands.sudo("ln -s /dev/urandom /dev/random")));
                    }
                }

                if (setup.get(GENERATE_HOSTNAME)) {
                    if (windows) {
                        // TODO: Generate Windows Hostname
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring flag GENERATE_HOSTNAME on Windows location {}", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        customisationForLogging.add("configure hostname");

                        // also see TODO in SetHostnameCustomizer - ideally we share code between here and there
                        executeCommandThrowingOnError(
                                (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                "Generate hostname " + node.getName(),
                                ImmutableList.of(BashCommands.chainGroup(
                                        String.format("echo '127.0.0.1 %s' | ( %s )", node.getName(), BashCommands.sudo("tee -a /etc/hosts")),
                                        "{ " + BashCommands.sudo("sed -i \"s/HOSTNAME=.*/HOSTNAME=" + node.getName() + "/g\" /etc/sysconfig/network") + " || true ; }",
                                        BashCommands.sudo("hostname " + node.getName()))));
                    }
                }

                if (setup.get(OPEN_IPTABLES)) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring DEPRECATED flag OPEN_IPTABLES on Windows location {}", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        LOG.warn("Using DEPRECATED flag OPEN_IPTABLES (will not be supported in future versions) for {} at {}", machineLocation, this);

                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                        Iterable inboundPorts = (Iterable) setup.get(INBOUND_PORTS);

                        if (inboundPorts == null || Iterables.isEmpty(inboundPorts)) {
                            LOG.info("No ports to open in iptables (no inbound ports) for {} at {}", machineLocation, this);
                        } else {
                            customisationForLogging.add("open iptables");

                            List iptablesRules = Lists.newArrayList();

                            if (isLocationFirewalldEnabled((SshMachineLocation)machineLocation)) {
                                for (Integer port : inboundPorts) {
                                    iptablesRules.add(IptablesCommands.addFirewalldRule(Chain.INPUT, Protocol.TCP, port, Policy.ACCEPT));
                                 }
                            } else {
                                iptablesRules = Lists.newArrayList();
                                for (Integer port : inboundPorts) {
                                   iptablesRules.add(IptablesCommands.insertIptablesRule(Chain.INPUT, Protocol.TCP, port, Policy.ACCEPT));
                                }
                                iptablesRules.add(IptablesCommands.saveIptablesRules());
                            }
                            List batch = Lists.newArrayList();
                            // Some entities, such as Riak (erlang based) have a huge range of ports, which leads to a script that
                            // is too large to run (fails with a broken pipe). Batch the rules into batches of 50
                            for (String rule : iptablesRules) {
                                batch.add(rule);
                                if (batch.size() == 50) {
                                    executeCommandWarningOnError(
                                            (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                            "Inserting iptables rules, 50 command batch",
                                            batch);
                                    batch.clear();
                                }
                            }
                            if (batch.size() > 0) {
                                executeCommandWarningOnError(
                                        (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                        "Inserting iptables rules",
                                        batch);
                            }
                            executeCommandWarningOnError(
                                    (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                    "List iptables rules",
                                    ImmutableList.of(IptablesCommands.listIptablesRule()));
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (setup.get(STOP_IPTABLES)) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring DEPRECATED flag OPEN_IPTABLES on Windows location {}", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        LOG.warn("Using DEPRECATED flag STOP_IPTABLES (will not be supported in future versions) for {} at {}", machineLocation, this);

                        customisationForLogging.add("stop iptables");

                        List cmds = ImmutableList.of();
                        if (isLocationFirewalldEnabled((SshMachineLocation)machineLocation)) {
                            cmds = ImmutableList.of(IptablesCommands.firewalldServiceStop(), IptablesCommands.firewalldServiceStatus());
                        } else {
                            cmds = ImmutableList.of(IptablesCommands.iptablesServiceStop(), IptablesCommands.iptablesServiceStatus());
                        }
                        executeCommandWarningOnError(
                                (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                "Stopping iptables", cmds);
                    }
                }

                List extraKeyUrlsToAuth = setup.get(EXTRA_PUBLIC_KEY_URLS_TO_AUTH);
                if (extraKeyUrlsToAuth!=null && !extraKeyUrlsToAuth.isEmpty()) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring flag EXTRA_PUBLIC_KEY_URLS_TO_AUTH on Windows location", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        List extraKeyDataToAuth = MutableList.of();
                        for (String keyUrl : extraKeyUrlsToAuth) {
                            extraKeyDataToAuth.add(ResourceUtils.create().getResourceAsString(keyUrl));
                        }
                        executeCommandThrowingOnError(
                                (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                "Authorizing ssh keys from URLs",
                                ImmutableList.of(new AuthorizeRSAPublicKeys(extraKeyDataToAuth).render(org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.OsFamily.UNIX)));
                    }
                }

                String extraKeyDataToAuth = setup.get(EXTRA_PUBLIC_KEY_DATA_TO_AUTH);
                if (extraKeyDataToAuth!=null && !extraKeyDataToAuth.isEmpty()) {
                    if (windows) {
                        LOG.warn("Ignoring flag EXTRA_PUBLIC_KEY_DATA_TO_AUTH on Windows location", machineLocation);
                    } else {
                        executeCommandThrowingOnError(
                                (SshMachineLocation)machineLocation,
                                "Authorizing ssh keys from data",
                                ImmutableList.of(new AuthorizeRSAPublicKeys(Collections.singletonList(extraKeyDataToAuth)).render(org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.OsFamily.UNIX)));
                    }
                }

            } else {
                // Otherwise we have deliberately not waited to be ssh'able, so don't try now to
                // ssh to exec these commands!
            }

            // Apply any optional app-specific customization.
            for (JcloudsLocationCustomizer customizer : customizers) {
                LOG.debug("Customizing machine {}, using customizer {}", machineLocation, customizer);
                customizer.customize(this, computeService, machineLocation);
            }
            for (MachineLocationCustomizer customizer : machineCustomizers) {
                LOG.debug("Customizing machine {}, using customizer {}", machineLocation, customizer);
                customizer.customize(machineLocation);
            }

            customizedTimestamp = Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch);
            String logMessage = "Finished VM "+getCreationString(setup)+" creation:"
                    + " "+machineLocation.getUser()+"@"+machineLocation.getAddress()+":"+machineLocation.getPort()
                    + (Boolean.TRUE.equals(setup.get(LOG_CREDENTIALS))
                            ? "password=" + userCredentials.getOptionalPassword().or("")
                            + " && key=" + userCredentials.getOptionalPrivateKey().or("")
                            : "")
                    + " ready after "+Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch).toStringRounded()
                    + " ("
                    + "semaphore obtained in "+Duration.of(semaphoreTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";"
                    + template+" template built in "+Duration.of(templateTimestamp).subtract(semaphoreTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";"
                    + " "+node+" provisioned in "+Duration.of(provisionTimestamp).subtract(templateTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";"
                    + " "+machineLocation+" connection usable in "+Duration.of(usableTimestamp).subtract(provisionTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";"
                    + " and os customized in "+Duration.of(customizedTimestamp).subtract(usableTimestamp).toStringRounded()+" - "+Joiner.on(", ").join(customisationForLogging)+")";
            LOG.info(logMessage);

            return machineLocation;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (e instanceof RunNodesException && ((RunNodesException)e).getNodeErrors().size() > 0) {
                node = Iterables.get(((RunNodesException)e).getNodeErrors().keySet(), 0);
            }
            // sometimes AWS nodes come up busted (eg ssh not allowed); just throw it back (and maybe try for another one)
            boolean destroyNode = (node != null) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(setup.get(DESTROY_ON_FAILURE));

            if (e.toString().contains("VPCResourceNotSpecified")) {
                String message = "Detected that your EC2 account is a legacy 'EC2 Classic' account, "
                    + "but the most appropriate hardware instance type requires 'VPC'. "
                    + "One quick fix is to use the 'eu-central-1' region. "
                    + "Other remedies are described at "
                    + AWS_VPC_HELP_URL;
                LOG.error(message);
                e = new UserFacingException(message, e);
            }

            LOG.error("Failed to start VM for "+getCreationString(setup) + (destroyNode ? " (destroying)" : "")
                    + (node != null ? "; node "+node : "")
                    + " after "+Duration.of(provisioningStopwatch).toStringRounded()
                    + (semaphoreTimestamp != null ? " ("
                            + "semaphore obtained in "+Duration.of(semaphoreTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";"
                            + (templateTimestamp != null && semaphoreTimestamp != null ? " template built in "+Duration.of(templateTimestamp).subtract(semaphoreTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";" : "")
                            + (provisionTimestamp != null && templateTimestamp != null ? " node provisioned in "+Duration.of(provisionTimestamp).subtract(templateTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";" : "")
                            + (usableTimestamp != null && provisioningStopwatch != null ? " connection usable in "+Duration.of(usableTimestamp).subtract(provisionTimestamp).toStringRounded()+";" : "")
                            + (customizedTimestamp != null && usableTimestamp != null ? " and OS customized in "+Duration.of(customizedTimestamp).subtract(usableTimestamp).toStringRounded() : "")
                            + ")"
                            : "")
                    + ": "+e.getMessage());
            LOG.debug(Throwables.getStackTraceAsString(e));

            if (destroyNode) {
                Stopwatch destroyingStopwatch = Stopwatch.createStarted();
                if (machineLocation != null) {
                    releaseSafely(machineLocation);
                } else {
                    releaseNodeSafely(node);
                }
                LOG.info("Destroyed " + (machineLocation != null ? "machine " + machineLocation : "node " + node)
                        + " in " + Duration.of(destroyingStopwatch).toStringRounded());
            }

            throw Exceptions.propagate(e);
        }
    }

    private void executeCommandThrowingOnError(SshMachineLocation loc, String name, List commands) {
        executeCommandThrowingOnError(ImmutableMap.of(), loc, name, commands);
    }

    private void executeCommandThrowingOnError(Map flags, SshMachineLocation loc, String name, List commands) {
        Task task = SshTasks.newSshExecTaskFactory(loc, commands)
            .summary(name)
            .requiringExitCodeZero()
            .configure(flags)
            .newTask()
            .asTask();
        queueLocationTask("waiting for '" + name + "' on machine " + loc, task);
    }

    protected  T queueLocationTask(String msg, Task task) {
        TaskQueueingResult queueResult = DynamicTasks.queueIfPossible(task);
        final String origDetails = Tasks.setBlockingDetails(msg);
        try {
            if(queueResult.isQueuedOrSubmitted()){
                return task.getUnchecked();
            } else {
                // TODO Should we add an `orExecuteInSameThread()` in `TaskQueueingResult`?
                try {
                    return ((TaskInternal)task).getJob().call();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw Exceptions.propagate(e);
                }
            }
        } finally {
            Tasks.setBlockingDetails(origDetails);
        }
    }

    private void executeCommandWarningOnError(SshMachineLocation loc, String name, List commands) {
        Task task = SshTasks.newSshExecTaskFactory(loc, commands)
            .summary(name)
            .allowingNonZeroExitCode()
            .newTask()
            .asTask();
        int ret = queueLocationTask("waiting for '" + name + "' on machine " + loc, task);
        if (ret != 0) {
            LOG.warn("Command '{}' failed with exit code {} for location {}", new Object[] {name, ret, this});
        }
    }

    // ------------- suspend and resume ------------------------------------

    private void putIfPresentButDifferent(ConfigBag setup, ConfigKey key, String expectedValue) {
        if (expectedValue==null) return;
        String currentValue = setup.get(key);
        if (Objects.equal(currentValue, expectedValue)) {
            // no need to write -- and good reason not to --
            // the currentValue may come from an external supplier,
            // so we prefer to keep the secret in that supplier
            return;
        }
        // either current value is null, or
        // current value is different (possibly password coming from a one-time source)
        // in either case prefer the expected value
        setup.put(key, expectedValue);
    }

    /**
     * Suspends the given location.
     * 

* Note that this method does not call the lifecycle methods of any * {@link #getCustomizers(ConfigBag) customizers} attached to this location. */ @Override public void suspendMachine(MachineLocation rawLocation) { String instanceId = vmInstanceIds.remove(rawLocation); if (instanceId == null) { LOG.info("Attempt to suspend unknown machine " + rawLocation + " in " + this); throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown machine " + rawLocation); } LOG.info("Suspending machine {} in {}, instance id {}", new Object[]{rawLocation, this, instanceId}); Exception toThrow = null; try { getComputeService().suspendNode(instanceId); } catch (Exception e) { toThrow = e; LOG.error("Problem suspending machine " + rawLocation + " in " + this + ", instance id " + instanceId, e); } removeChild(rawLocation); if (toThrow != null) { throw Exceptions.propagate(toThrow); } } /** * Brings an existing machine with the given details under management. *

* Note that this method does not call the lifecycle methods of any * {@link #getCustomizers(ConfigBag) customizers} attached to this location. * * @param flags See {@link #registerMachine(ConfigBag)} for a description of required fields. * @see #registerMachine(ConfigBag) */ @Override public JcloudsMachineLocation resumeMachine(Map flags) { ConfigBag setup = ConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(config().getBag(), flags); LOG.info("{} using resuming node matching properties: {}", this, Sanitizer.sanitize(setup)); ComputeService computeService = getComputeService(setup); NodeMetadata node = findNodeOrThrow(setup); LOG.debug("{} resuming {}", this, node); computeService.resumeNode(node.getId()); // Load the node a second time once it is resumed to get an object with // hostname and addresses populated. node = findNodeOrThrow(setup); LOG.debug("{} resumed {}", this, node); JcloudsMachineLocation registered = registerMachineLocation(setup, node); LOG.info("{} resumed and registered {}", this, registered); return registered; } // ------------- constructing the template, etc ------------------------ /** @deprecated since 0.11.0 use {@link TemplateOptionCustomizer} instead */ @Deprecated public interface CustomizeTemplateOptions extends TemplateOptionCustomizer { } /** properties which cause customization of the TemplateBuilder */ public static final Map, ? extends TemplateBuilderCustomizer> SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_BUILDER_PROPERTIES = ImmutableMap., TemplateBuilderCustomizer>builder() .put(HARDWARE_ID, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.hardwareId()) .put(IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_REGEX, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.imageDescription()) .put(IMAGE_ID, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.imageId()) .put(IMAGE_NAME_REGEX, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.imageNameRegex()) .put(MIN_CORES, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.minCores()) .put(MIN_DISK, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.minDisk()) .put(MIN_RAM, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.minRam()) .put(OS_64_BIT, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.os64Bit()) .put(OS_FAMILY, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.osFamily()) .put(OS_VERSION_REGEX, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.osVersionRegex()) .put(TEMPLATE_SPEC, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.templateSpec()) /* Both done in the code, but included here so that they are in the map */ .put(DEFAULT_IMAGE_ID, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.noOp()) .put(TEMPLATE_BUILDER, TemplateBuilderCustomizers.noOp()) .build(); /** properties which cause customization of the TemplateOptions */ public static final Map, ? extends TemplateOptionCustomizer>SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_OPTIONS_PROPERTIES = ImmutableMap., TemplateOptionCustomizer>builder() .put(AUTO_ASSIGN_FLOATING_IP, TemplateOptionCustomizers.autoAssignFloatingIp()) .put(AUTO_CREATE_FLOATING_IPS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.autoCreateFloatingIps()) .put(AUTO_GENERATE_KEYPAIRS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.autoGenerateKeypairs()) .put(DOMAIN_NAME, TemplateOptionCustomizers.domainName()) .put(EXTRA_PUBLIC_KEY_DATA_TO_AUTH, TemplateOptionCustomizers.extraPublicKeyDataToAuth()) .put(INBOUND_PORTS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.inboundPorts()) .put(KEY_PAIR, TemplateOptionCustomizers.keyPair()) .put(LOGIN_USER, TemplateOptionCustomizers.loginUser()) .put(LOGIN_USER_PASSWORD, TemplateOptionCustomizers.loginUserPassword()) .put(LOGIN_USER_PRIVATE_KEY_DATA, TemplateOptionCustomizers.loginUserPrivateKeyData()) .put(LOGIN_USER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, TemplateOptionCustomizers.loginUserPrivateKeyFile()) .put(NETWORK_NAME, TemplateOptionCustomizers.networkName()) .put(RUN_AS_ROOT, TemplateOptionCustomizers.runAsRoot()) .put(SECURITY_GROUPS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.securityGroups()) .put(STRING_TAGS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.stringTags()) .put(TEMPLATE_OPTIONS, TemplateOptionCustomizers.templateOptions()) .put(USER_DATA_UUENCODED, TemplateOptionCustomizers.userDataUuencoded()) .put(USER_METADATA_MAP, TemplateOptionCustomizers.userMetadataMap()) .put(USER_METADATA_STRING, TemplateOptionCustomizers.userMetadataString()) .build(); /** hook whereby template customizations can be made for various clouds */ protected void customizeTemplate(ComputeService computeService, Template template, Collection customizers) { for (JcloudsLocationCustomizer customizer : customizers) { customizer.customize(this, computeService, template); customizer.customize(this, computeService, template.getOptions()); } // these things are nice on softlayer if (template.getOptions() instanceof SoftLayerTemplateOptions) { SoftLayerTemplateOptions slT = ((SoftLayerTemplateOptions)template.getOptions()); if (Strings.isBlank(slT.getDomainName()) || "jclouds.org".equals(slT.getDomainName())) { // set a quasi-sensible domain name if none was provided (better than the default, jclouds.org) // NB: things like brooklyn.local are disallowed slT.domainName("local.brooklyncentral.org"); } // convert user metadata to tags and notes because user metadata is otherwise ignored Map md = slT.getUserMetadata(); if (md!=null && !md.isEmpty()) { Set tags = MutableSet.copyOf(slT.getTags()); for (Map.Entry entry: md.entrySet()) { tags.add(AbstractCloudMachineNamer.sanitize(entry.getKey())+":"+AbstractCloudMachineNamer.sanitize(entry.getValue())); } slT.tags(tags); if (!md.containsKey("notes")) { String notes = "User Metadata\n=============\n\n * " + Joiner.on("\n * ").withKeyValueSeparator(": ").join(md); if (notes.length() > NOTES_MAX_LENGTH) { String truncatedMsg = "...\n"; notes = notes.substring(0, NOTES_MAX_LENGTH - truncatedMsg.length()) + truncatedMsg; } md.put("notes", notes); } } } } /** * If the ImageChooser is a string, then try instantiating a class with that name (in the same * way as we do for {@link #getCloudMachineNamer(ConfigBag)}, for example). Otherwise, assume * that convention TypeCoercions will work. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected Function, Image> getImageChooser(ComputeService computeService, ConfigBag config) { Function, Image> chooser; Object rawVal = config.getStringKey(JcloudsLocationConfig.IMAGE_CHOOSER.getName()); if (rawVal instanceof String && Strings.isNonBlank((String)rawVal)) { // Configured with a string: it could be a class that we need to instantiate Class clazz; try { clazz = new ClassLoaderUtils(this.getClass(), getManagementContext()).loadClass((String)rawVal); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load configured ImageChooser " + rawVal, e); } Maybe instance = Reflections.invokeConstructorFromArgs(clazz); if (!instance.isPresent()) { throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create ImageChooser "+rawVal+" for location "+this); } else if (!(instance.get() instanceof Function)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to create ImageChooser "+rawVal+" for location "+this+"; expected type Function but got "+instance.get().getClass()); } else { chooser = (Function, Image>) instance.get(); } } else { chooser = config.get(JcloudsLocationConfig.IMAGE_CHOOSER); } return BrooklynImageChooser.cloneFor(chooser, computeService, config); } /** returns the jclouds Template which describes the image to be built, for the given config and compute service */ public Template buildTemplate(ComputeService computeService, ConfigBag config, Collection customizers) { TemplateBuilder templateBuilder = config.get(TEMPLATE_BUILDER); if (templateBuilder==null) { templateBuilder = new PortableTemplateBuilder>(); } else { LOG.debug("jclouds using templateBuilder {} as custom base for provisioning in {} for {}", new Object[] { templateBuilder, this, getCreationString(config)}); } if (templateBuilder instanceof PortableTemplateBuilder) { if (((PortableTemplateBuilder)templateBuilder).imageChooser()==null) { Function, Image> chooser = getImageChooser(computeService, config); templateBuilder.imageChooser(chooser); } else { // an image chooser is already set, so do nothing } } else { // template builder supplied, and we cannot check image chooser status; warn, for now LOG.warn("Cannot check imageChooser status for {} due to manually supplied black-box TemplateBuilder; " + "it is recommended to use a PortableTemplateBuilder if you supply a TemplateBuilder", getCreationString(config)); } if (!Strings.isEmpty(config.get(CLOUD_REGION_ID))) { templateBuilder.locationId(config.get(CLOUD_REGION_ID)); } if (Strings.isNonBlank(config.get(HARDWARE_ID))) { String oldHardwareId = config.get(HARDWARE_ID); String newHardwareId = transformHardwareId(oldHardwareId, config); if (!Objects.equal(oldHardwareId, newHardwareId)) { LOG.info("Transforming hardwareId from " + oldHardwareId + " to " + newHardwareId + ", in " + toString()); config.put(HARDWARE_ID, newHardwareId); } } // Apply the template builder and options properties for (Map.Entry, ? extends TemplateBuilderCustomizer> entry : SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_BUILDER_PROPERTIES.entrySet()) { ConfigKey key = entry.getKey(); Object val = config.containsKey(key) ? config.get(key) : key.getDefaultValue(); if (val != null) { TemplateBuilderCustomizer code = entry.getValue(); code.apply(templateBuilder, config, val); } } if (templateBuilder instanceof PortableTemplateBuilder) { ((PortableTemplateBuilder)templateBuilder).attachComputeService(computeService); // do the default last, and only if nothing else specified (guaranteed to be a PTB if nothing else specified) if (groovyTruth(config.get(DEFAULT_IMAGE_ID))) { if (((PortableTemplateBuilder)templateBuilder).isBlank()) { templateBuilder.imageId(config.get(DEFAULT_IMAGE_ID).toString()); } } } // Then apply any optional app-specific customization. for (JcloudsLocationCustomizer customizer : customizers) { customizer.customize(this, computeService, templateBuilder); } LOG.debug("jclouds using templateBuilder {} for provisioning in {} for {}", new Object[] { templateBuilder, this, getCreationString(config)}); // Finally try to build the template Template template = null; Image image; try { template = templateBuilder.build(); if (template==null) throw new IllegalStateException("No matching template; check image and hardware constraints (e.g. OS, RAM); using "+templateBuilder); image = template.getImage(); LOG.debug("jclouds found template "+template+" (image "+image+") for provisioning in "+this+" for "+getCreationString(config)); if (image==null) throw new IllegalStateException("No matching image in template at "+toStringNice()+"; check image constraints (OS, providers, ID); using "+templateBuilder); } catch (AuthorizationException e) { LOG.warn("Error resolving template -- not authorized (rethrowing: "+e+"); template is: "+template); throw new IllegalStateException("Not authorized to access cloud "+toStringNice()+"; "+ "check identity, credentials, and endpoint (identity='"+getIdentity()+"', credential length "+getCredential().length()+")", e); } catch (Exception e) { try { IOException ioe = Exceptions.getFirstThrowableOfType(e, IOException.class); if (ioe != null) { LOG.warn("IOException found...", ioe); throw ioe; } if (listedAvailableTemplatesOnNoSuchTemplate.compareAndSet(false, true)) { // delay subsequent log.warns (put in synch block) so the "Loading..." message is obvious LOG.warn("Unable to match required VM template constraints "+templateBuilder+" when trying to provision VM in "+this+" (rethrowing): "+e); logAvailableTemplates(config); } } catch (Exception e2) { LOG.warn("Error loading available images to report (following original error matching template which will be rethrown): "+e2, e2); throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to access cloud "+this+" to resolve "+templateBuilder+": "+e, e); } throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to match required VM template constraints "+templateBuilder+" when trying to provision VM in "+this+"; " + "see list of images in log. Root cause: "+e, e); } TemplateOptions options = template.getOptions(); // For windows, we need a startup-script to be executed that will enable winrm access. // If there is already conflicting userMetadata, then don't replace it (and just warn). // TODO this injection is hacky and (currently) cloud specific. boolean windows = isWindows(template, config); if (windows) { String initScript = WinRmMachineLocation.getDefaultUserMetadataString(config()); String provider = getProvider(); if ("google-compute-engine".equals(provider)) { // see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/startupscript: // Set "sysprep-specialize-script-cmd" in metadata. String startupScriptKey = "sysprep-specialize-script-cmd"; Object metadataMapRaw = config.get(USER_METADATA_MAP); if (metadataMapRaw instanceof Map) { Map metadataMap = (Map) metadataMapRaw; if (metadataMap.containsKey(startupScriptKey)) { LOG.warn("Not adding startup-script for Windows VM on "+provider+", because already has key "+startupScriptKey+" in config "+USER_METADATA_MAP.getName()); } else { Map metadataMapReplacement = MutableMap.copyOf(metadataMap); metadataMapReplacement.put(startupScriptKey, initScript); config.put(USER_METADATA_MAP, metadataMapReplacement); LOG.debug("Adding startup-script to enable WinRM for Windows VM on "+provider); } } else if (metadataMapRaw == null) { Map metadataMapReplacement = MutableMap.of(startupScriptKey, initScript); config.put(USER_METADATA_MAP, metadataMapReplacement); LOG.debug("Adding startup-script to enable WinRM for Windows VM on "+provider); } } else { // For AWS and vCloudDirector, we just set user_metadata_string. // For Azure-classic, there is no capability to execute a startup script. boolean userMetadataString = config.containsKey(JcloudsLocationConfig.USER_METADATA_STRING); boolean userMetadataMap = config.containsKey(JcloudsLocationConfig.USER_METADATA_MAP); if (!(userMetadataString || userMetadataMap)) { config.put(JcloudsLocationConfig.USER_METADATA_STRING, WinRmMachineLocation.getDefaultUserMetadataString(config())); LOG.debug("Adding startup-script to enable WinRM for Windows VM on "+provider); } else { LOG.warn("Not adding startup-script for Windows VM on "+provider+", because already has config " +(userMetadataString ? USER_METADATA_STRING.getName() : USER_METADATA_MAP.getName())); } } } for (Map.Entry, ? extends TemplateOptionCustomizer> entry : SUPPORTED_TEMPLATE_OPTIONS_PROPERTIES.entrySet()) { ConfigKey key = entry.getKey(); TemplateOptionCustomizer code = entry.getValue(); if (config.containsKey(key) && config.get(key) != null) { code.apply(options, config, config.get(key)); } } return template; } /** * See {@link https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/JCLOUDS-1108}. * * In jclouds 1.9.x and 2.0.0, google-compute-engine hardwareId must be in the long form. For * example {@code https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/jclouds-gce/zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n1-standard-1}. * It is much nicer to support the short-form (e.g. {@code n1-standard-1}), and to construct * the long-form from this. * * The "zone" in the long-form needs to match the region (see {@link #getRegion()}). * * The ideal would be for jclouds to do this. But that isn't available yet - in the mean time, * we can make life easier for our users with the code below. * * Second best would have been handling this in {@link TemplateBuilderCustomizers#hardwareId()}. * However, that code doesn't have enough context to know what to do (easily!). It is passed * {@code apply(TemplateBuilder tb, ConfigBag props, Object v)}, so doesn't even know which * provider it is being called for (without doing ugly/brittle digging in the {@code props} * that it is given). * * Therefore we do the transform here. */ private String transformHardwareId(String hardwareId, ConfigBag config) { checkNotNull(hardwareId, "hardwareId"); checkNotNull(config, "config"); String provider = getProvider(); String region = getRegion(); if (Strings.isBlank(region)) region = config.get(CLOUD_REGION_ID); if (!"google-compute-engine".equals(provider)) { return hardwareId; } if (hardwareId.toLowerCase().startsWith("http") || hardwareId.contains("/")) { // looks like it's already in long-form: don't transform return hardwareId; } if (Strings.isNonBlank(region)) { return String.format("https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/jclouds-gce/zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", region, hardwareId); } else { LOG.warn("Cannot transform GCE hardwareId (" + hardwareId + ") to long form, because region unknown in " + toString()); return hardwareId; } } protected String toStringNice() { String s = config().get(ORIGINAL_SPEC); if (Strings.isBlank(s)) s = config().get(NAMED_SPEC_NAME); if (Strings.isBlank(s)) s = config().get(FINAL_SPEC); if (Strings.isBlank(s)) s = getDisplayName(); String s2 = ""; String provider = getProvider(); if (Strings.isBlank(s) || (Strings.isNonBlank(provider) && !s.toLowerCase().contains(provider.toLowerCase()))) s2 += " "+provider; String region = getRegion(); if (Strings.isBlank(s) || (Strings.isNonBlank(region) && !s.toLowerCase().contains(region.toLowerCase()))) s2 += " "+region; String endpoint = getEndpoint(); if (Strings.isBlank(s) || (Strings.isNonBlank(endpoint) && !s.toLowerCase().contains(endpoint.toLowerCase()))) s2 += " "+endpoint; s2 = s2.trim(); if (Strings.isNonBlank(s)) { if (Strings.isNonBlank(s2)) { return s+" ("+s2+")"; } return s; } if (Strings.isNonBlank(s2)) { return s2; } // things are bad if we get to this point! return toString(); } protected void logAvailableTemplates(ConfigBag config) { LOG.info("Loading available images at "+this+" for reference..."); ConfigBag m1 = ConfigBag.newInstanceCopying(config); if (m1.containsKey(IMAGE_ID)) { // if caller specified an image ID, remove that, but don't apply default filters m1.remove(IMAGE_ID); // TODO use key m1.putStringKey("anyOwner", true); } ComputeService computeServiceLessRestrictive = getComputeService(m1); Set imgs = computeServiceLessRestrictive.listImages(); LOG.info(""+imgs.size()+" available images at "+this); for (Image img: imgs) { LOG.info(" Image: "+img); } Set profiles = computeServiceLessRestrictive.listHardwareProfiles(); LOG.info(""+profiles.size()+" available profiles at "+this); for (Hardware profile: profiles) { LOG.info(" Profile: "+profile); } Set assignableLocations = computeServiceLessRestrictive.listAssignableLocations(); LOG.info(""+assignableLocations.size()+" available locations at "+this); for (org.jclouds.domain.Location assignableLocation: assignableLocations) { LOG.info(" Location: "+assignableLocation); } } /** * Creates a temporary ssh machine location (i.e. will not be persisted), which uses the given credentials. * It ignores any credentials (e.g. password, key-phrase, etc) that are supplied in the config. */ protected SshMachineLocation createTemporarySshMachineLocation(HostAndPort hostAndPort, LoginCredentials creds, ConfigBag config) { String initialUser = creds.getUser(); Optional initialPassword = creds.getOptionalPassword(); Optional initialPrivateKey = creds.getOptionalPrivateKey(); Map sshProps = Maps.newLinkedHashMap(config.getAllConfig()); sshProps.put("user", initialUser); sshProps.put("address", hostAndPort.getHostText()); sshProps.put("port", hostAndPort.getPort()); sshProps.put(AbstractLocation.TEMPORARY_LOCATION.getName(), true); sshProps.put(LocalLocationManager.CREATE_UNMANAGED.getName(), true); String sshClass = config().get(SshMachineLocation.SSH_TOOL_CLASS); if (Strings.isNonBlank(sshClass)) { sshProps.put(SshMachineLocation.SSH_TOOL_CLASS.getName(), sshClass); } sshProps.remove("id"); sshProps.remove("password"); sshProps.remove("privateKeyData"); sshProps.remove("privateKeyFile"); sshProps.remove("privateKeyPassphrase"); if (initialPassword.isPresent()) sshProps.put("password", initialPassword.get()); if (initialPrivateKey.isPresent()) sshProps.put("privateKeyData", initialPrivateKey.get()); if (isManaged()) { return getManagementContext().getLocationManager().createLocation(sshProps, SshMachineLocation.class); } else { return new SshMachineLocation(sshProps); } } /** * Creates a temporary WinRM machine location (i.e. will not be persisted), which uses the given credentials. * It ignores any credentials (e.g. password, key-phrase, etc) that are supplied in the config. */ protected WinRmMachineLocation createTemporaryWinRmMachineLocation(HostAndPort hostAndPort, LoginCredentials creds, ConfigBag config) { String initialUser = creds.getUser(); Optional initialPassword = creds.getOptionalPassword(); Optional initialPrivateKey = creds.getOptionalPrivateKey(); Map winrmProps = Maps.newLinkedHashMap(config.getAllConfig()); winrmProps.put("user", initialUser); winrmProps.put("address", hostAndPort.getHostText()); winrmProps.put("port", hostAndPort.getPort()); winrmProps.put(AbstractLocation.TEMPORARY_LOCATION.getName(), true); winrmProps.put(LocalLocationManager.CREATE_UNMANAGED.getName(), true); winrmProps.remove("password"); winrmProps.remove("privateKeyData"); winrmProps.remove("privateKeyFile"); winrmProps.remove("privateKeyPassphrase"); String winrmClass = config().get(WinRmMachineLocation.WINRM_TOOL_CLASS); if (Strings.isNonBlank(winrmClass)) { winrmProps.put(WinRmMachineLocation.WINRM_TOOL_CLASS.getName(), winrmClass); } if (initialPassword.isPresent()) winrmProps.put("password", initialPassword.get()); if (initialPrivateKey.isPresent()) winrmProps.put("privateKeyData", initialPrivateKey.get()); if (isManaged()) { return getManagementContext().getLocationManager().createLocation(winrmProps, WinRmMachineLocation.class); } else { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot create temporary WinRmMachineLocation because " + this + " is not managed"); } } /** * Create the user immediately - executing ssh commands as required. */ protected LoginCredentials createUser( ComputeService computeService, NodeMetadata node, HostAndPort managementHostAndPort, LoginCredentials initialCredentials, ConfigBag config) { Image image = (node.getImageId() != null) ? computeService.getImage(node.getImageId()) : null; CreateUserStatements userCreation = createUserStatements(image, config); if (!userCreation.statements().isEmpty()) { // If unsure of OS family, default to unix for rendering statements. org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.OsFamily scriptOsFamily; if (isWindows(node, config)) { scriptOsFamily = org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.OsFamily.WINDOWS; } else { scriptOsFamily = org.jclouds.scriptbuilder.domain.OsFamily.UNIX; } boolean windows = isWindows(node, config); if (windows) { LOG.warn("Unable to execute statements on WinRM in JcloudsLocation; skipping for "+node+": "+userCreation.statements()); } else { List commands = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Statement statement : userCreation.statements()) { InitAdminAccess initAdminAccess = new InitAdminAccess(new AdminAccessConfiguration.Default()); initAdminAccess.visit(statement); commands.add(statement.render(scriptOsFamily)); } String initialUser = initialCredentials.getUser(); boolean authSudo = initialCredentials.shouldAuthenticateSudo(); Optional password = initialCredentials.getOptionalPassword(); // TODO Retrying lots of times as workaround for vcloud-director. There the guest customizations // can cause the VM to reboot shortly after it was ssh'able. Map execProps = MutableMap.builder() .put(ShellTool.PROP_RUN_AS_ROOT.getName(), true) .put(SshTool.PROP_AUTH_SUDO.getName(), authSudo) .put(SshTool.PROP_ALLOCATE_PTY.getName(), true) .putIfNotNull(SshTool.PROP_PASSWORD.getName(), authSudo ? password.orNull() : null) .put(SshTool.PROP_SSH_TRIES.getName(), 50) .put(SshTool.PROP_SSH_TRIES_TIMEOUT.getName(), 10*60*1000) .build(); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("VM {}: executing user creation/setup via {}@{}; commands: {}", new Object[] { getCreationString(config), initialUser, managementHostAndPort, commands}); } SshMachineLocation sshLoc = createTemporarySshMachineLocation(managementHostAndPort, initialCredentials, config); try { // BROOKLYN-188: for SUSE, need to specify the path (for groupadd, useradd, etc) Map env = ImmutableMap.of("PATH", sbinPath()); int exitcode = sshLoc.execScript(execProps, "create-user", commands, env); if (exitcode != 0) { LOG.warn("exit code {} when creating user for {}; usage may subsequently fail", exitcode, node); } } finally { getManagementContext().getLocationManager().unmanage(sshLoc); Streams.closeQuietly(sshLoc); } } } return userCreation.credentials(); } /** * Set up the TemplateOptions to create the user. */ protected LoginCredentials initTemplateForCreateUser(Template template, ConfigBag config) { CreateUserStatements userCreation = createUserStatements(template.getImage(), config); if (!userCreation.statements().isEmpty()) { TemplateOptions options = template.getOptions(); options.runScript(new StatementList(userCreation.statements())); } return userCreation.credentials(); } /** @deprecated since 0.11.0 use {@link CreateUserStatements} instead. */ @Deprecated protected static class UserCreation extends CreateUserStatements { public final LoginCredentials createdUserCredentials; public final List statements; public UserCreation(LoginCredentials creds, List statements) { super(creds, statements); this.createdUserCredentials = super.credentials(); this.statements = super.statements(); } } /** @deprecated since 0.11.0 return type will be changed to {@link CreateUserStatements} in a future release. */ @Deprecated protected UserCreation createUserStatements(@Nullable Image image, ConfigBag config) { CreateUserStatements userStatements = CreateUserStatements.get(this, image, config); return new UserCreation(userStatements.credentials(), userStatements.statements()); } // ----------------- registering existing machines ------------------------ /** * @deprecated since 0.8.0 use {@link #registerMachine(NodeMetadata)} instead. */ @Deprecated public JcloudsSshMachineLocation rebindMachine(NodeMetadata metadata) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { return (JcloudsSshMachineLocation) registerMachine(metadata); } protected MachineLocation registerMachine(NodeMetadata metadata) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { return registerMachine(MutableMap.of(), metadata); } /** * @deprecated since 0.8.0 use {@link #registerMachine(Map, NodeMetadata)} instead. */ @Deprecated public JcloudsSshMachineLocation rebindMachine(Map flags, NodeMetadata metadata) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { return (JcloudsSshMachineLocation) registerMachine(flags, metadata); } protected MachineLocation registerMachine(Map flags, NodeMetadata metadata) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { ConfigBag setup = ConfigBag.newInstanceExtending(config().getBag(), flags); if (!setup.containsKey("id")) setup.putStringKey("id", metadata.getId()); setHostnameUpdatingCredentials(setup, metadata); return registerMachine(setup); } /** * Brings an existing machine with the given details under management. *

* This method will throw an exception if used to reconnect to a Windows VM. * @deprecated since 0.8.0 use {@link #registerMachine(ConfigBag)} instead. */ @Deprecated public JcloudsSshMachineLocation rebindMachine(ConfigBag setup) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { return (JcloudsSshMachineLocation) registerMachine(setup); } /** * Brings an existing machine with the given details under management. *

* Required fields are: *

    *
  • id: the jclouds VM id, e.g. "eu-west-1/i-5504f21d" (NB this is {@see JcloudsMachineLocation#getJcloudsId()} not #getId()) *
  • hostname: the public hostname or IP of the machine, e.g. "ec2-176-34-93-58.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com" *
  • userName: the username for sshing into the machine (for use if it is not a Windows system) *
      */ public JcloudsMachineLocation registerMachine(ConfigBag setup) throws NoMachinesAvailableException { NodeMetadata node = findNodeOrThrow(setup); return registerMachineLocation(setup, node); } protected JcloudsMachineLocation registerMachineLocation(ConfigBag setup, NodeMetadata node) { ComputeService computeService = getComputeService(setup); boolean windows = isWindows(node, setup); // Not publishing networks since they should have previously been published. ConnectivityResolverOptions options = getConnectivityOptionsBuilder(setup, windows) .initialCredentials(node.getCredentials()) .userCredentials(node.getCredentials()) .defaultLoginPort(node.getLoginPort()) .isRebinding(true) .build(); HostAndPort managementHostAndPort = getLocationNetworkInfoCustomizer(setup) .resolve(this, node, setup, options) .hostAndPort(); if (managementHostAndPort == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Could not resolve management host and port for " + node + " given options: " + options); } if (windows) { return registerWinRmMachineLocation(computeService, node, Optional.