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// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
package org.apache.kudu.util;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.kerberos.KerberosPrincipal;
import javax.security.auth.kerberos.KerberosTicket;
import javax.security.auth.login.AppConfigurationEntry;
import javax.security.auth.login.Configuration;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public abstract class SecurityUtil {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SecurityUtil.class);
public static final String KUDU_TICKETCACHE_PROPERTY = "kudu.krb5ccname";
/**
* Map from the names of digest algorithms used in X509 certificates to
* the appropriate MessageDigest implementation to use for channel-bindings.
*/
private static final ImmutableMap CERT_DIGEST_TO_MESSAGE_DIGEST =
ImmutableMap.builder()
// RFC 5929: if the certificate's signatureAlgorithm uses a single hash
// function, and that hash function is either MD5 [RFC1321] or SHA-1
// [RFC3174], then use SHA-256 [FIPS-180-3];
.put("MD5", "SHA-256")
.put("SHA1", "SHA-256")
// For other algorithms, use the provided hash function.
.put("SHA224", "SHA-224")
.put("SHA256", "SHA-256")
.put("SHA384", "SHA-384")
.put("SHA512", "SHA-512")
// The above list is exhaustive as of JDK8's implementation of
// SignatureAndHashAlgorithm.
.build();
/**
* If we have Kerberos credentials that are within this specified window
* of expiration, then refresh them.
*/
private static final long REFRESH_BEFORE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 10;
/**
* Return the Subject associated with the current thread's AccessController,
* if that subject has Kerberos credentials. If there is no such subject, or
* the subject has no Kerberos credentials, a new subject is logged in from
* the currently configured TicketCache.
*/
@Nullable
public static Subject getSubjectFromTicketCacheOrNull() {
// If there isn't any current subject with krb5 principals, try to login
// using the ticket cache.
Configuration conf = new Configuration() {
@Override
public AppConfigurationEntry[] getAppConfigurationEntry(String name) {
Map options = new HashMap<>();
// TODO: should we offer some kind of "renewal thread" or
// "reacquire from keytab thread" like Hadoop does?
options.put("useTicketCache", "true");
options.put("doNotPrompt", "true");
options.put("refreshKrb5Config", "true");
// Allow configuring debug by a system property.
options.put("debug", Boolean.toString(Boolean.getBoolean("kudu.jaas.debug")));
// Look for the ticket cache specified in one of the following ways:
// 1) in a Kudu-specific system property (this is convenient for testing)
// 2) in the KRB5CCNAME environment variable
// 3) the Java default (by not setting any value)
String ticketCache = System.getProperty(KUDU_TICKETCACHE_PROPERTY,
System.getenv("KRB5CCNAME"));
if (ticketCache != null) {
LOG.debug("Using ticketCache: {}", ticketCache);
options.put("ticketCache", ticketCache);
}
options.put("renewTGT", "true");
return new AppConfigurationEntry[] { new AppConfigurationEntry(
"com.sun.security.auth.module.Krb5LoginModule",
AppConfigurationEntry.LoginModuleControlFlag.REQUIRED, options) };
}
};
try {
LoginContext loginContext = new LoginContext("kudu", new Subject(), null, conf);
loginContext.login();
Subject subject = loginContext.getSubject();
LOG.debug("Logged in as subject: {}", Joiner.on(",").join(subject.getPrincipals()));
return subject;
} catch (LoginException e) {
LOG.debug("Could not login via JAAS. Using no credentials: " + e.getMessage(),
LOG.isTraceEnabled() ? e : null);
return null;
}
}
/**
* Compute the "tls-server-endpoint" channel binding data for the given X509
* certificate. The algorithm is specified in RFC 5929.
*
* @return the expected channel bindings for the certificate
* @throws RuntimeException if the certificate is not an X509 cert, or if
* it uses a signature type for which we cannot compute channel bindings
*/
public static byte[] getEndpointChannelBindings(Certificate cert) {
Preconditions.checkArgument(cert instanceof X509Certificate,
"can only handle X509 certs");
X509Certificate x509 = (X509Certificate)cert;
String sigAlg = x509.getSigAlgName();
String sigAlgUpper = sigAlg.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
// The signature algorithm name is a string like 'SHA256withRSA'.
// There's no API available to actually find just the digest algorithm,
// so we resort to some hackery.
String[] components = sigAlgUpper.split("WITH", 2);
String digestAlg = CERT_DIGEST_TO_MESSAGE_DIGEST.get(components[0]);
if (digestAlg == null) {
// RFC 5929: if the certificate's signatureAlgorithm uses no hash functions or
// uses multiple hash functions, then this channel binding type's channel
// bindings are undefined at this time (updates to is channel binding type may
// occur to address this issue if it ever arises).
throw new RuntimeException("cert uses unknown signature algorithm: " + sigAlg);
}
try {
return MessageDigest.getInstance(digestAlg).digest(cert.getEncoded());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* @return true if 'subject' contains a Kerberos TGT that is about to expire, or
* if it contains no TGT at all.
*/
public static boolean needsRefresh(Subject subject) {
long deadline = System.currentTimeMillis() + REFRESH_BEFORE_EXPIRATION_SECS * 1000;
return tgtExpiresBefore(subject, deadline);
}
/**
* @return true if 'subject' contains a Kerberos TGT that is expired, or if it contains
* no TGT at all.
*/
public static boolean isTgtExpired(Subject subject) {
return tgtExpiresBefore(subject, System.currentTimeMillis());
}
private static boolean tgtExpiresBefore(Subject subject, long deadlineMillis) {
KerberosTicket tgt = findTgt(subject);
if (tgt != null) {
return tgt.getEndTime().getTime() < deadlineMillis;
}
// We didn't find any TGT. This likely means that it expired and got
// removed during a connection attempt. So, we need to get a new one.
return true;
}
private static KerberosTicket findTgt(Subject subject) {
Set tickets = subject.getPrivateCredentials(KerberosTicket.class);
// tickets is a Collections.synchronizedSet() wrapper, so we need to synchronize
// on it to iterate it.
synchronized (tickets) {
for (KerberosTicket ticket : tickets) {
if (SecurityUtil.isTGSPrincipal(ticket.getServer())) {
return ticket;
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* @return true if 'principal' matches the expected pattern for a TGT
*/
private static boolean isTGSPrincipal(KerberosPrincipal principal) {
// When a principal foo@BAR authenticates to realm BAR, it will get a service
// ticket with the service principal 'krbtgt/BAR@BAR'. Note that this is the
// case even when the credentials will be used to authenticate to a remote
// realm using cross-realm trust.
//
// For example, if the user [email protected] is connecting to a Kudu service
// kudu/[email protected], the ticket cache will contain the following
// tickets:
//
// krbtgt/[email protected]
// krbtgt/[email protected] (cross-realm trust ticket)
// kudu/[email protected] (service in remote realm)
//
// Here we are simply trying to identify the first of those tickets.
return principal != null && principal.getName().equals(
"krbtgt/" + principal.getRealm() + "@" + principal.getRealm());
}
/**
* @return the KerberosPrincipal object associated with the given Subject.
* If there is no Principal, returns null. If there is more than one principal
* (not expected), logs a warning and also returns null.
*/
public static KerberosPrincipal getKerberosPrincipalOrNull(Subject newSubject) {
Set principals = newSubject.getPrincipals(KerberosPrincipal.class);
if (principals.size() > 1) {
LOG.warn("JAAS Subject unexpectedly includes more than one principal: {}",
Joiner.on(", ").join(principals));
return null;
} else if (principals.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return principals.iterator().next();
}
}