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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.io.util;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttributeView;
import java.nio.file.attribute.FileStoreAttributeView;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.ScheduledExecutors;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSErrorHandler;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSReadError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSWriteError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.CorruptSSTableException;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.JVMStabilityInspector;
import static com.google.common.base.Throwables.propagate;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.Throwables.maybeFail;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.Throwables.merge;
public final class FileUtils
{
public static final Charset CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileUtils.class);
public static final long ONE_KB = 1024;
public static final long ONE_MB = 1024 * ONE_KB;
public static final long ONE_GB = 1024 * ONE_MB;
public static final long ONE_TB = 1024 * ONE_GB;
private static final DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#.##");
private static final boolean canCleanDirectBuffers;
private static final AtomicReference fsErrorHandler = new AtomicReference<>();
static
{
boolean canClean = false;
try
{
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1);
((DirectBuffer) buf).cleaner().clean();
canClean = true;
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
logger.error("Cannot initialize un-mmaper. (Are you using a non-Oracle JVM?) Compacted data files will not be removed promptly. Consider using an Oracle JVM or using standard disk access mode", t);
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(t);
}
canCleanDirectBuffers = canClean;
}
public static void createHardLink(String from, String to)
{
createHardLink(new File(from), new File(to));
}
public static void createHardLink(File from, File to)
{
if (to.exists())
throw new RuntimeException("Tried to create duplicate hard link to " + to);
if (!from.exists())
throw new RuntimeException("Tried to hard link to file that does not exist " + from);
try
{
Files.createLink(to.toPath(), from.toPath());
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new FSWriteError(e, to);
}
}
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, File directory)
{
try
{
return File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new FSWriteError(e, directory);
}
}
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix)
{
return createTempFile(prefix, suffix, new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")));
}
public static Throwable deleteWithConfirm(String filePath, boolean expect, Throwable accumulate)
{
return deleteWithConfirm(new File(filePath), expect, accumulate);
}
public static Throwable deleteWithConfirm(File file, boolean expect, Throwable accumulate)
{
boolean exists = file.exists();
assert exists || !expect : "attempted to delete non-existing file " + file.getName();
try
{
if (exists)
Files.delete(file.toPath());
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
try
{
throw new FSWriteError(t, file);
}
catch (Throwable t2)
{
accumulate = merge(accumulate, t2);
}
}
return accumulate;
}
public static void deleteWithConfirm(String file)
{
deleteWithConfirm(new File(file));
}
public static void deleteWithConfirm(File file)
{
maybeFail(deleteWithConfirm(file, true, null));
}
public static void renameWithOutConfirm(String from, String to)
{
try
{
atomicMoveWithFallback(new File(from).toPath(), new File(to).toPath());
}
catch (IOException e)
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Could not move file "+from+" to "+to, e);
}
}
public static void renameWithConfirm(String from, String to)
{
renameWithConfirm(new File(from), new File(to));
}
public static void renameWithConfirm(File from, File to)
{
assert from.exists();
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace((String.format("Renaming %s to %s", from.getPath(), to.getPath())));
// this is not FSWE because usually when we see it it's because we didn't close the file before renaming it,
// and Windows is picky about that.
try
{
atomicMoveWithFallback(from.toPath(), to.toPath());
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Failed to rename %s to %s", from.getPath(), to.getPath()), e);
}
}
/**
* Move a file atomically, if it fails, it falls back to a non-atomic operation
* @param from
* @param to
* @throws IOException
*/
private static void atomicMoveWithFallback(Path from, Path to) throws IOException
{
try
{
Files.move(from, to, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING, StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE);
}
catch (AtomicMoveNotSupportedException e)
{
logger.trace("Could not do an atomic move", e);
Files.move(from, to, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}
}
public static void truncate(String path, long size)
{
try(FileChannel channel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get(path), StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.WRITE))
{
channel.truncate(size);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void closeQuietly(Closeable c)
{
try
{
if (c != null)
c.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
logger.warn("Failed closing {}", c, e);
}
}
public static void closeQuietly(AutoCloseable c)
{
try
{
if (c != null)
c.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
logger.warn("Failed closing {}", c, e);
}
}
public static void close(Closeable... cs) throws IOException
{
close(Arrays.asList(cs));
}
public static void close(Iterable cs) throws IOException
{
Throwable e = null;
for (Closeable c : cs)
{
try
{
if (c != null)
c.close();
}
catch (Throwable ex)
{
if (e == null) e = ex;
else e.addSuppressed(ex);
logger.warn("Failed closing stream {}", c, ex);
}
}
maybeFail(e, IOException.class);
}
public static void closeQuietly(Iterable cs)
{
for (AutoCloseable c : cs)
{
try
{
if (c != null)
c.close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
logger.warn("Failed closing {}", c, ex);
}
}
}
public static String getCanonicalPath(String filename)
{
try
{
return new File(filename).getCanonicalPath();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new FSReadError(e, filename);
}
}
public static String getCanonicalPath(File file)
{
try
{
return file.getCanonicalPath();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new FSReadError(e, file);
}
}
/** Return true if file is contained in folder */
public static boolean isContained(File folder, File file)
{
Path folderPath = Paths.get(getCanonicalPath(folder));
Path filePath = Paths.get(getCanonicalPath(file));
return filePath.startsWith(folderPath);
}
/** Convert absolute path into a path relative to the base path */
public static String getRelativePath(String basePath, String path)
{
try
{
return Paths.get(basePath).relativize(Paths.get(path)).toString();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
String absDataPath = FileUtils.getCanonicalPath(basePath);
return Paths.get(absDataPath).relativize(Paths.get(path)).toString();
}
}
public static boolean isCleanerAvailable()
{
return canCleanDirectBuffers;
}
public static void clean(ByteBuffer buffer)
{
if (isCleanerAvailable() && buffer.isDirect())
{
DirectBuffer db = (DirectBuffer) buffer;
if (db.cleaner() != null)
db.cleaner().clean();
}
}
public static void createDirectory(String directory)
{
createDirectory(new File(directory));
}
public static void createDirectory(File directory)
{
if (!directory.exists())
{
if (!directory.mkdirs())
throw new FSWriteError(new IOException("Failed to mkdirs " + directory), directory);
}
}
public static boolean delete(String file)
{
File f = new File(file);
return f.delete();
}
public static void delete(File... files)
{
if (files == null)
{
// CASSANDRA-13389: some callers use Files.listFiles() which, on error, silently returns null
logger.debug("Received null list of files to delete");
return;
}
for ( File file : files )
{
file.delete();
}
}
public static void deleteAsync(final String file)
{
Runnable runnable = new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
deleteWithConfirm(new File(file));
}
};
ScheduledExecutors.nonPeriodicTasks.execute(runnable);
}
public static void visitDirectory(Path dir, Predicate filter, Consumer consumer)
{
try (DirectoryStream stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir))
{
StreamSupport.stream(stream.spliterator(), false)
.map(Path::toFile)
// stream directories are weakly consistent so we always check if the file still exists
.filter(f -> f.exists() && (filter == null || filter.test(f)))
.forEach(consumer);
}
catch (IOException|DirectoryIteratorException ex)
{
logger.error("Failed to list files in {} with exception: {}", dir, ex.getMessage(), ex);
}
}
public static String stringifyFileSize(double value)
{
double d;
if ( value >= ONE_TB )
{
d = value / ONE_TB;
String val = df.format(d);
return val + " TB";
}
else if ( value >= ONE_GB )
{
d = value / ONE_GB;
String val = df.format(d);
return val + " GB";
}
else if ( value >= ONE_MB )
{
d = value / ONE_MB;
String val = df.format(d);
return val + " MB";
}
else if ( value >= ONE_KB )
{
d = value / ONE_KB;
String val = df.format(d);
return val + " KB";
}
else
{
String val = df.format(value);
return val + " bytes";
}
}
/**
* Deletes all files and subdirectories under "dir".
* @param dir Directory to be deleted
* @throws FSWriteError if any part of the tree cannot be deleted
*/
public static void deleteRecursive(File dir)
{
if (dir.isDirectory())
{
String[] children = dir.list();
for (String child : children)
deleteRecursive(new File(dir, child));
}
// The directory is now empty so now it can be smoked
deleteWithConfirm(dir);
}
/**
* Schedules deletion of all file and subdirectories under "dir" on JVM shutdown.
* @param dir Directory to be deleted
*/
public static void deleteRecursiveOnExit(File dir)
{
if (dir.isDirectory())
{
String[] children = dir.list();
for (String child : children)
deleteRecursiveOnExit(new File(dir, child));
}
logger.trace("Scheduling deferred deletion of file: " + dir);
dir.deleteOnExit();
}
public static void handleCorruptSSTable(CorruptSSTableException e)
{
FSErrorHandler handler = fsErrorHandler.get();
if (handler != null)
handler.handleCorruptSSTable(e);
}
public static void handleFSError(FSError e)
{
FSErrorHandler handler = fsErrorHandler.get();
if (handler != null)
handler.handleFSError(e);
}
/**
* handleFSErrorAndPropagate will invoke the disk failure policy error handler,
* which may or may not stop the daemon or transports. However, if we don't exit,
* we still want to propagate the exception to the caller in case they have custom
* exception handling
*
* @param e A filesystem error
*/
public static void handleFSErrorAndPropagate(FSError e)
{
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(e);
throw propagate(e);
}
/**
* Get the size of a directory in bytes
* @param directory The directory for which we need size.
* @return The size of the directory
*/
public static long folderSize(File directory)
{
long length = 0;
for (File file : directory.listFiles())
{
if (file.isFile())
length += file.length();
else
length += folderSize(file);
}
return length;
}
public static void copyTo(DataInput in, OutputStream out, int length) throws IOException
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[64 * 1024];
int copiedBytes = 0;
while (copiedBytes + buffer.length < length)
{
in.readFully(buffer);
out.write(buffer);
copiedBytes += buffer.length;
}
if (copiedBytes < length)
{
int left = length - copiedBytes;
in.readFully(buffer, 0, left);
out.write(buffer, 0, left);
}
}
public static boolean isSubDirectory(File parent, File child) throws IOException
{
parent = parent.getCanonicalFile();
child = child.getCanonicalFile();
File toCheck = child;
while (toCheck != null)
{
if (parent.equals(toCheck))
return true;
toCheck = toCheck.getParentFile();
}
return false;
}
public static void append(File file, String ... lines)
{
if (file.exists())
write(file, Arrays.asList(lines), StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
else
write(file, Arrays.asList(lines), StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
}
public static void appendAndSync(File file, String ... lines)
{
if (file.exists())
write(file, Arrays.asList(lines), StandardOpenOption.APPEND, StandardOpenOption.SYNC);
else
write(file, Arrays.asList(lines), StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.SYNC);
}
public static void replace(File file, String ... lines)
{
write(file, Arrays.asList(lines), StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
}
public static void write(File file, List lines, StandardOpenOption ... options)
{
try
{
Files.write(file.toPath(),
lines,
CHARSET,
options);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
public static List readLines(File file)
{
try
{
return Files.readAllLines(file.toPath(), CHARSET);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
if (ex instanceof NoSuchFileException)
return Collections.emptyList();
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
public static void setFSErrorHandler(FSErrorHandler handler)
{
fsErrorHandler.getAndSet(handler);
}
/**
* Returns the size of the specified partition.
* This method handles large file system by returning {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} if the size overflow.
* See JDK-8179320 for more information.
*
* @param file the partition
* @return the size, in bytes, of the partition or {@code 0L} if the abstract pathname does not name a partition
*/
public static long getTotalSpace(File file)
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(file.getTotalSpace());
}
/**
* Returns the number of unallocated bytes on the specified partition.
* This method handles large file system by returning {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} if the number of unallocated bytes
* overflow. See JDK-8179320 for more information
*
* @param file the partition
* @return the number of unallocated bytes on the partition or {@code 0L}
* if the abstract pathname does not name a partition.
*/
public static long getFreeSpace(File file)
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(file.getFreeSpace());
}
/**
* Returns the number of available bytes on the specified partition.
* This method handles large file system by returning {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} if the number of available bytes
* overflow. See JDK-8179320 for more information
*
* @param file the partition
* @return the number of available bytes on the partition or {@code 0L}
* if the abstract pathname does not name a partition.
*/
public static long getUsableSpace(File file)
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(file.getUsableSpace());
}
/**
* Returns the {@link FileStore} representing the file store where a file
* is located. This {@link FileStore} handles large file system by returning {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}
* from {@code FileStore#getTotalSpace()}, {@code FileStore#getUnallocatedSpace()} and {@code FileStore#getUsableSpace()}
* it the value is bigger than {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}. See JDK-8162520
* for more information.
*
* @param path the path to the file
* @return the file store where the file is stored
*/
public static FileStore getFileStore(Path path) throws IOException
{
return new SafeFileStore(Files.getFileStore(path));
}
/**
* Handle large file system by returning {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} when the size overflows.
* @param size returned by the Java's FileStore methods
* @return the size or {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} if the size was bigger than {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}
*/
private static long handleLargeFileSystem(long size)
{
return size < 0 ? Long.MAX_VALUE : size;
}
/**
* Private constructor as the class contains only static methods.
*/
private FileUtils()
{
}
/**
* FileStore decorator used to safely handle large file system.
*
* Java's FileStore methods (getTotalSpace/getUnallocatedSpace/getUsableSpace) are limited to reporting bytes as
* signed long (2^63-1), if the filesystem is any bigger, then the size overflows. {@code SafeFileStore} will
* return {@code Long.MAX_VALUE} if the size overflow.
*
* @see https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8162520.
*/
private static final class SafeFileStore extends FileStore
{
/**
* The decorated {@code FileStore}
*/
private final FileStore fileStore;
public SafeFileStore(FileStore fileStore)
{
this.fileStore = fileStore;
}
@Override
public String name()
{
return fileStore.name();
}
@Override
public String type()
{
return fileStore.type();
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly()
{
return fileStore.isReadOnly();
}
@Override
public long getTotalSpace() throws IOException
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(fileStore.getTotalSpace());
}
@Override
public long getUsableSpace() throws IOException
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(fileStore.getUsableSpace());
}
@Override
public long getUnallocatedSpace() throws IOException
{
return handleLargeFileSystem(fileStore.getUnallocatedSpace());
}
@Override
public boolean supportsFileAttributeView(Class type)
{
return fileStore.supportsFileAttributeView(type);
}
@Override
public boolean supportsFileAttributeView(String name)
{
return fileStore.supportsFileAttributeView(name);
}
@Override
public V getFileStoreAttributeView(Class type)
{
return fileStore.getFileStoreAttributeView(type);
}
@Override
public Object getAttribute(String attribute) throws IOException
{
return fileStore.getAttribute(attribute);
}
}
}
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