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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import org.apache.cassandra.index.Index;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.CFMetaData;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.ColumnFamilyStore;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Directories;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Memtable;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.SerializationHeader;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.PartitionPosition;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle.LifecycleTransaction;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle.SSTableSet;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Range;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Token;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Descriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTableMultiWriter;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.SSTableReader;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.ISSTableScanner;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.metadata.MetadataCollector;
import org.apache.cassandra.notifications.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.CompactionParams;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.ActiveRepairService;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.StorageService;
/**
* Manages the compaction strategies.
*
* Currently has two instances of actual compaction strategies per data directory - one for repaired data and one for
* unrepaired data. This is done to be able to totally separate the different sets of sstables.
*/
public class CompactionStrategyManager implements INotificationConsumer
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CompactionStrategyManager.class);
private final ColumnFamilyStore cfs;
private volatile List repaired = new ArrayList<>();
private volatile List unrepaired = new ArrayList<>();
private volatile boolean enabled = true;
public boolean isActive = true;
private volatile CompactionParams params;
/*
We keep a copy of the schema compaction parameters here to be able to decide if we
should update the compaction strategy in maybeReloadCompactionStrategy() due to an ALTER.
If a user changes the local compaction strategy and then later ALTERs a compaction parameter,
we will use the new compaction parameters.
*/
private CompactionParams schemaCompactionParams;
private Directories.DataDirectory[] locations;
public CompactionStrategyManager(ColumnFamilyStore cfs)
{
cfs.getTracker().subscribe(this);
logger.trace("{} subscribed to the data tracker.", this);
this.cfs = cfs;
reload(cfs.metadata);
params = cfs.metadata.params.compaction;
locations = getDirectories().getWriteableLocations();
enabled = params.isEnabled();
}
/**
* Return the next background task
*
* Returns a task for the compaction strategy that needs it the most (most estimated remaining tasks)
*
*/
public synchronized AbstractCompactionTask getNextBackgroundTask(int gcBefore)
{
if (!isEnabled())
return null;
maybeReload(cfs.metadata);
List strategies = new ArrayList<>(repaired.size() + unrepaired.size());
strategies.addAll(repaired);
strategies.addAll(unrepaired);
Collections.sort(strategies, (o1, o2) -> Ints.compare(o2.getEstimatedRemainingTasks(), o1.getEstimatedRemainingTasks()));
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : strategies)
{
AbstractCompactionTask task = strategy.getNextBackgroundTask(gcBefore);
if (task != null)
return task;
}
return null;
}
public boolean isEnabled()
{
return enabled && isActive;
}
public synchronized void resume()
{
isActive = true;
}
/**
* pause compaction while we cancel all ongoing compactions
*
* Separate call from enable/disable to not have to save the enabled-state externally
*/
public synchronized void pause()
{
isActive = false;
}
private void startup()
{
for (SSTableReader sstable : cfs.getSSTables(SSTableSet.CANONICAL))
{
if (sstable.openReason != SSTableReader.OpenReason.EARLY)
getCompactionStrategyFor(sstable).addSSTable(sstable);
}
repaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::startup);
unrepaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::startup);
}
/**
* return the compaction strategy for the given sstable
*
* returns differently based on the repaired status and which vnode the compaction strategy belongs to
* @param sstable
* @return
*/
private AbstractCompactionStrategy getCompactionStrategyFor(SSTableReader sstable)
{
int index = getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable);
if (sstable.isRepaired())
return repaired.get(index);
else
return unrepaired.get(index);
}
/**
* Get the correct compaction strategy for the given sstable. If the first token starts within a disk boundary, we
* will add it to that compaction strategy.
*
* In the case we are upgrading, the first compaction strategy will get most files - we do not care about which disk
* the sstable is on currently (unless we don't know the local tokens yet). Once we start compacting we will write out
* sstables in the correct locations and give them to the correct compaction strategy instance.
*
* @param cfs
* @param locations
* @param sstable
* @return
*/
public static int getCompactionStrategyIndex(ColumnFamilyStore cfs, Directories locations, SSTableReader sstable)
{
if (!cfs.getPartitioner().splitter().isPresent())
return 0;
List boundaries = StorageService.getDiskBoundaries(cfs, locations.getWriteableLocations());
if (boundaries == null)
{
Directories.DataDirectory[] directories = locations.getWriteableLocations();
// try to figure out location based on sstable directory:
for (int i = 0; i < directories.length; i++)
{
Directories.DataDirectory directory = directories[i];
if (sstable.descriptor.directory.getAbsolutePath().startsWith(directory.location.getAbsolutePath()))
return i;
}
return 0;
}
int pos = Collections.binarySearch(boundaries, sstable.first);
assert pos < 0; // boundaries are .minkeybound and .maxkeybound so they should never be equal
return -pos - 1;
}
public void shutdown()
{
isActive = false;
repaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::shutdown);
unrepaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::shutdown);
}
public synchronized void maybeReload(CFMetaData metadata)
{
// compare the old schema configuration to the new one, ignore any locally set changes.
if (metadata.params.compaction.equals(schemaCompactionParams) &&
Arrays.equals(locations, cfs.getDirectories().getWriteableLocations())) // any drives broken?
return;
reload(metadata);
}
/**
* Reload the compaction strategies
*
* Called after changing configuration and at startup.
* @param metadata
*/
public synchronized void reload(CFMetaData metadata)
{
boolean disabledWithJMX = !enabled && shouldBeEnabled();
if (!metadata.params.compaction.equals(schemaCompactionParams))
logger.trace("Recreating compaction strategy - compaction parameters changed for {}.{}", cfs.keyspace.getName(), cfs.getTableName());
else if (!Arrays.equals(locations, cfs.getDirectories().getWriteableLocations()))
logger.trace("Recreating compaction strategy - writeable locations changed for {}.{}", cfs.keyspace.getName(), cfs.getTableName());
setStrategy(metadata.params.compaction);
schemaCompactionParams = metadata.params.compaction;
if (disabledWithJMX || !shouldBeEnabled())
disable();
else
enable();
startup();
}
public void replaceFlushed(Memtable memtable, Collection sstables)
{
cfs.getTracker().replaceFlushed(memtable, sstables);
if (sstables != null && !sstables.isEmpty())
CompactionManager.instance.submitBackground(cfs);
}
public int getUnleveledSSTables()
{
if (repaired.get(0) instanceof LeveledCompactionStrategy && unrepaired.get(0) instanceof LeveledCompactionStrategy)
{
int count = 0;
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : repaired)
count += ((LeveledCompactionStrategy)strategy).getLevelSize(0);
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : unrepaired)
count += ((LeveledCompactionStrategy)strategy).getLevelSize(0);
return count;
}
return 0;
}
public synchronized int[] getSSTableCountPerLevel()
{
if (repaired.get(0) instanceof LeveledCompactionStrategy && unrepaired.get(0) instanceof LeveledCompactionStrategy)
{
int [] res = new int[LeveledManifest.MAX_LEVEL_COUNT];
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : repaired)
{
int[] repairedCountPerLevel = ((LeveledCompactionStrategy) strategy).getAllLevelSize();
res = sumArrays(res, repairedCountPerLevel);
}
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : unrepaired)
{
int[] unrepairedCountPerLevel = ((LeveledCompactionStrategy) strategy).getAllLevelSize();
res = sumArrays(res, unrepairedCountPerLevel);
}
return res;
}
return null;
}
private static int[] sumArrays(int[] a, int[] b)
{
int[] res = new int[Math.max(a.length, b.length)];
for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++)
{
if (i < a.length && i < b.length)
res[i] = a[i] + b[i];
else if (i < a.length)
res[i] = a[i];
else
res[i] = b[i];
}
return res;
}
public boolean shouldDefragment()
{
assert repaired.get(0).getClass().equals(unrepaired.get(0).getClass());
return repaired.get(0).shouldDefragment();
}
public Directories getDirectories()
{
assert repaired.get(0).getClass().equals(unrepaired.get(0).getClass());
return repaired.get(0).getDirectories();
}
public synchronized void handleNotification(INotification notification, Object sender)
{
maybeReload(cfs.metadata);
if (notification instanceof SSTableAddedNotification)
{
SSTableAddedNotification flushedNotification = (SSTableAddedNotification) notification;
for (SSTableReader sstable : flushedNotification.added)
getCompactionStrategyFor(sstable).addSSTable(sstable);
}
else if (notification instanceof SSTableListChangedNotification)
{
// a bit of gymnastics to be able to replace sstables in compaction strategies
// we use this to know that a compaction finished and where to start the next compaction in LCS
SSTableListChangedNotification listChangedNotification = (SSTableListChangedNotification) notification;
Directories.DataDirectory [] locations = cfs.getDirectories().getWriteableLocations();
int locationSize = cfs.getPartitioner().splitter().isPresent() ? locations.length : 1;
List> repairedRemoved = new ArrayList<>(locationSize);
List> repairedAdded = new ArrayList<>(locationSize);
List> unrepairedRemoved = new ArrayList<>(locationSize);
List> unrepairedAdded = new ArrayList<>(locationSize);
for (int i = 0; i < locationSize; i++)
{
repairedRemoved.add(new HashSet<>());
repairedAdded.add(new HashSet<>());
unrepairedRemoved.add(new HashSet<>());
unrepairedAdded.add(new HashSet<>());
}
for (SSTableReader sstable : listChangedNotification.removed)
{
int i = getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable);
if (sstable.isRepaired())
repairedRemoved.get(i).add(sstable);
else
unrepairedRemoved.get(i).add(sstable);
}
for (SSTableReader sstable : listChangedNotification.added)
{
int i = getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable);
if (sstable.isRepaired())
repairedAdded.get(i).add(sstable);
else
unrepairedAdded.get(i).add(sstable);
}
for (int i = 0; i < locationSize; i++)
{
if (!repairedRemoved.get(i).isEmpty())
repaired.get(i).replaceSSTables(repairedRemoved.get(i), repairedAdded.get(i));
else
{
for (SSTableReader sstable : repairedAdded.get(i))
repaired.get(i).addSSTable(sstable);
}
if (!unrepairedRemoved.get(i).isEmpty())
unrepaired.get(i).replaceSSTables(unrepairedRemoved.get(i), unrepairedAdded.get(i));
else
{
for (SSTableReader sstable : unrepairedAdded.get(i))
unrepaired.get(i).addSSTable(sstable);
}
}
}
else if (notification instanceof SSTableRepairStatusChanged)
{
for (SSTableReader sstable : ((SSTableRepairStatusChanged) notification).sstable)
{
int index = getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable);
if (sstable.isRepaired())
{
unrepaired.get(index).removeSSTable(sstable);
repaired.get(index).addSSTable(sstable);
}
else
{
repaired.get(index).removeSSTable(sstable);
unrepaired.get(index).addSSTable(sstable);
}
}
}
else if (notification instanceof SSTableDeletingNotification)
{
SSTableReader sstable = ((SSTableDeletingNotification) notification).deleting;
getCompactionStrategyFor(sstable).removeSSTable(sstable);
}
}
public void enable()
{
if (repaired != null)
repaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::enable);
if (unrepaired != null)
unrepaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::enable);
// enable this last to make sure the strategies are ready to get calls.
enabled = true;
}
public void disable()
{
// disable this first avoid asking disabled strategies for compaction tasks
enabled = false;
if (repaired != null)
repaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::disable);
if (unrepaired != null)
unrepaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::disable);
}
/**
* Create ISSTableScanners from the given sstables
*
* Delegates the call to the compaction strategies to allow LCS to create a scanner
* @param sstables
* @param ranges
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public synchronized AbstractCompactionStrategy.ScannerList getScanners(Collection sstables, Collection> ranges)
{
assert repaired.size() == unrepaired.size();
List> repairedSSTables = new ArrayList<>();
List> unrepairedSSTables = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < repaired.size(); i++)
{
repairedSSTables.add(new HashSet<>());
unrepairedSSTables.add(new HashSet<>());
}
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
{
if (sstable.isRepaired())
repairedSSTables.get(getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable)).add(sstable);
else
unrepairedSSTables.get(getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable)).add(sstable);
}
List scanners = new ArrayList<>(sstables.size());
for (Range range : ranges)
{
List repairedScanners = new ArrayList<>();
List unrepairedScanners = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < repairedSSTables.size(); i++)
{
if (!repairedSSTables.get(i).isEmpty())
repairedScanners.addAll(repaired.get(i).getScanners(repairedSSTables.get(i), range).scanners);
}
for (int i = 0; i < unrepairedSSTables.size(); i++)
{
if (!unrepairedSSTables.get(i).isEmpty())
scanners.addAll(unrepaired.get(i).getScanners(unrepairedSSTables.get(i), range).scanners);
}
for (ISSTableScanner scanner : Iterables.concat(repairedScanners, unrepairedScanners))
{
if (!scanners.add(scanner))
scanner.close();
}
}
return new AbstractCompactionStrategy.ScannerList(scanners);
}
public synchronized AbstractCompactionStrategy.ScannerList getScanners(Collection sstables)
{
return getScanners(sstables, Collections.singleton(null));
}
public Collection> groupSSTablesForAntiCompaction(Collection sstablesToGroup)
{
Map> groups = sstablesToGroup.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy((s) -> getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), s)));
Collection> anticompactionGroups = new ArrayList<>();
for (Map.Entry> group : groups.entrySet())
anticompactionGroups.addAll(unrepaired.get(group.getKey()).groupSSTablesForAntiCompaction(group.getValue()));
return anticompactionGroups;
}
public long getMaxSSTableBytes()
{
return unrepaired.get(0).getMaxSSTableBytes();
}
public AbstractCompactionTask getCompactionTask(LifecycleTransaction txn, int gcBefore, long maxSSTableBytes)
{
maybeReload(cfs.metadata);
validateForCompaction(txn.originals());
return getCompactionStrategyFor(txn.originals().iterator().next()).getCompactionTask(txn, gcBefore, maxSSTableBytes);
}
private void validateForCompaction(Iterable input)
{
SSTableReader firstSSTable = Iterables.getFirst(input, null);
assert firstSSTable != null;
boolean repaired = firstSSTable.isRepaired();
int firstIndex = getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), firstSSTable);
for (SSTableReader sstable : input)
{
if (sstable.isRepaired() != repaired)
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("You can't mix repaired and unrepaired data in a compaction");
if (firstIndex != getCompactionStrategyIndex(cfs, getDirectories(), sstable))
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("You can't mix sstables from different directories in a compaction");
}
}
public Collection getMaximalTasks(final int gcBefore, final boolean splitOutput)
{
maybeReload(cfs.metadata);
// runWithCompactionsDisabled cancels active compactions and disables them, then we are able
// to make the repaired/unrepaired strategies mark their own sstables as compacting. Once the
// sstables are marked the compactions are re-enabled
return cfs.runWithCompactionsDisabled(new Callable>()
{
@Override
public Collection call() throws Exception
{
synchronized (CompactionStrategyManager.this)
{
List tasks = new ArrayList<>();
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : repaired)
{
Collection task = strategy.getMaximalTask(gcBefore, splitOutput);
if (task != null)
tasks.addAll(task);
}
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : unrepaired)
{
Collection task = strategy.getMaximalTask(gcBefore, splitOutput);
if (task != null)
tasks.addAll(task);
}
if (tasks.isEmpty())
return null;
return tasks;
}
}
}, false, false);
}
public AbstractCompactionTask getUserDefinedTask(Collection sstables, int gcBefore)
{
maybeReload(cfs.metadata);
validateForCompaction(sstables);
return getCompactionStrategyFor(sstables.iterator().next()).getUserDefinedTask(sstables, gcBefore);
}
public int getEstimatedRemainingTasks()
{
int tasks = 0;
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : repaired)
tasks += strategy.getEstimatedRemainingTasks();
for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : unrepaired)
tasks += strategy.getEstimatedRemainingTasks();
return tasks;
}
public boolean shouldBeEnabled()
{
return params.isEnabled();
}
public String getName()
{
return unrepaired.get(0).getName();
}
public List> getStrategies()
{
return Arrays.asList(repaired, unrepaired);
}
public synchronized void setNewLocalCompactionStrategy(CompactionParams params)
{
logger.info("Switching local compaction strategy from {} to {}}", this.params, params);
setStrategy(params);
if (shouldBeEnabled())
enable();
else
disable();
startup();
}
private void setStrategy(CompactionParams params)
{
repaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::shutdown);
unrepaired.forEach(AbstractCompactionStrategy::shutdown);
repaired.clear();
unrepaired.clear();
if (cfs.getPartitioner().splitter().isPresent())
{
locations = cfs.getDirectories().getWriteableLocations();
for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++)
{
repaired.add(CFMetaData.createCompactionStrategyInstance(cfs, params));
unrepaired.add(CFMetaData.createCompactionStrategyInstance(cfs, params));
}
}
else
{
repaired.add(CFMetaData.createCompactionStrategyInstance(cfs, params));
unrepaired.add(CFMetaData.createCompactionStrategyInstance(cfs, params));
}
this.params = params;
}
public CompactionParams getCompactionParams()
{
return params;
}
public boolean onlyPurgeRepairedTombstones()
{
return Boolean.parseBoolean(params.options().get(AbstractCompactionStrategy.ONLY_PURGE_REPAIRED_TOMBSTONES));
}
public SSTableMultiWriter createSSTableMultiWriter(Descriptor descriptor,
long keyCount,
long repairedAt,
MetadataCollector collector,
SerializationHeader header,
Collection indexes,
LifecycleTransaction txn)
{
if (repairedAt == ActiveRepairService.UNREPAIRED_SSTABLE)
{
return unrepaired.get(0).createSSTableMultiWriter(descriptor, keyCount, repairedAt, collector, header, indexes, txn);
}
else
{
return repaired.get(0).createSSTableMultiWriter(descriptor, keyCount, repairedAt, collector, header, indexes, txn);
}
}
}
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