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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.google.common.collect.MapMaker;

import org.apache.cassandra.cache.IMeasurableMemory;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UTF8Type;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ObjectSizes;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.memory.ByteBufferCloner;

/**
 * Represents an identifer for a CQL column definition.
 * TODO : should support light-weight mode without text representation for when not interned
 */
public class ColumnIdentifier implements IMeasurableMemory, Comparable
{
    private static final Pattern PATTERN_DOUBLE_QUOTE = Pattern.compile("\"", Pattern.LITERAL);
    private static final String ESCAPED_DOUBLE_QUOTE = Matcher.quoteReplacement("\"\"");

    public final ByteBuffer bytes;
    private final String text;
    /**
     * since these objects are compared frequently, we stash an efficiently compared prefix of the bytes, in the expectation
     * that the majority of comparisons can be answered by this value only
     */
    public final long prefixComparison;
    private final boolean interned;

    private static final Pattern UNQUOTED_IDENTIFIER = Pattern.compile("[a-z][a-z0-9_]*");

    private static final long EMPTY_SIZE = ObjectSizes.measure(new ColumnIdentifier(ByteBufferUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER, "", false));

    private static final ConcurrentMap internedInstances = new MapMaker().weakValues().makeMap();

    private static final class InternedKey
    {
        private final AbstractType type;
        private final ByteBuffer bytes;

        InternedKey(AbstractType type, ByteBuffer bytes)
        {
            this.type = type;
            this.bytes = bytes;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            if (this == o)
                return true;

            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
                return false;

            InternedKey that = (InternedKey) o;
            return bytes.equals(that.bytes) && type.equals(that.type);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return bytes.hashCode() + 31 * type.hashCode();
        }
    }

    private static long prefixComparison(ByteBuffer bytes)
    {
        long prefix = 0;
        ByteBuffer read = bytes.duplicate();
        int i = 0;
        while (read.hasRemaining() && i < 8)
        {
            prefix <<= 8;
            prefix |= read.get() & 0xFF;
            i++;
        }
        prefix <<= (8 - i) * 8;
        // by flipping the top bit (==Integer.MIN_VALUE), we ensure that signed comparison gives the same result
        // as an unsigned without the bit flipped
        prefix ^= Long.MIN_VALUE;
        return prefix;
    }

    public ColumnIdentifier(String rawText, boolean keepCase)
    {
        this.text = keepCase ? rawText : rawText.toLowerCase(Locale.US);
        this.bytes = ByteBufferUtil.bytes(this.text);
        this.prefixComparison = prefixComparison(bytes);
        this.interned = false;
    }

    public ColumnIdentifier(ByteBuffer bytes, AbstractType type)
    {
        this(bytes, type.getString(bytes), false);
    }

    public ColumnIdentifier(ByteBuffer bytes, String text)
    {
        this(bytes, text, false);
    }

    private ColumnIdentifier(ByteBuffer bytes, String text, boolean interned)
    {
        this.bytes = bytes;
        this.text = text;
        this.interned = interned;
        this.prefixComparison = prefixComparison(bytes);
    }

    public static ColumnIdentifier getInterned(ByteBuffer bytes, AbstractType type)
    {
        return getInterned(type, bytes, type.getString(bytes));
    }

    public static ColumnIdentifier getInterned(String rawText, boolean keepCase)
    {
        String text = keepCase ? rawText : rawText.toLowerCase(Locale.US);
        ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBufferUtil.bytes(text);
        return getInterned(UTF8Type.instance, bytes, text);
    }

    public static ColumnIdentifier getInterned(AbstractType type, ByteBuffer bytes, String text)
    {
        bytes = ByteBufferUtil.minimalBufferFor(bytes);

        InternedKey key = new InternedKey(type, bytes);
        ColumnIdentifier id = internedInstances.get(key);
        if (id != null)
            return id;

        ColumnIdentifier created = new ColumnIdentifier(bytes, text, true);
        ColumnIdentifier previous = internedInstances.putIfAbsent(key, created);
        return previous == null ? created : previous;
    }

    public boolean isInterned()
    {
        return interned;
    }

    @Override
    public final int hashCode()
    {
        return bytes.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public final boolean equals(Object o)
    {
        if (this == o)
            return true;

        if(!(o instanceof ColumnIdentifier))
            return false;
        ColumnIdentifier that = (ColumnIdentifier)o;
        return bytes.equals(that.bytes);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return text;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the identifier that is safe to use directly in CQL queries.
     * If necessary, the string will be double-quoted, and any quotes inside the string will be escaped.
     */
    public String toCQLString()
    {
        return maybeQuote(text);
    }

    public long unsharedHeapSize()
    {
        return EMPTY_SIZE
             + ObjectSizes.sizeOnHeapOf(bytes)
             + ObjectSizes.sizeOf(text);
    }

    public long unsharedHeapSizeExcludingData()
    {
        return EMPTY_SIZE
             + ObjectSizes.sizeOnHeapExcludingData(bytes)
             + ObjectSizes.sizeOf(text);
    }

    public ColumnIdentifier clone(ByteBufferCloner cloner)
    {
        return interned ? this : new ColumnIdentifier(cloner.clone(bytes), text, false);
    }

    public int compareTo(ColumnIdentifier that)
    {
        int c = Long.compare(this.prefixComparison, that.prefixComparison);
        if (c != 0)
            return c;
        if (this == that)
            return 0;
        return ByteBufferUtil.compareUnsigned(this.bytes, that.bytes);
    }

    public static String maybeQuote(String text)
    {
        if (UNQUOTED_IDENTIFIER.matcher(text).matches() && !ReservedKeywords.isReserved(text))
            return text;
        return '"' + PATTERN_DOUBLE_QUOTE.matcher(text).replaceAll(ESCAPED_DOUBLE_QUOTE) + '"';
    }
}