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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.Function;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import org.apache.cassandra.serializers.MarshalException;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.ProtocolVersion;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.invalidRequest;
/**
* Static helper methods and classes for tuples.
*/
public class Tuples
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Tuples.class);
private Tuples() {}
public static ColumnSpecification componentSpecOf(ColumnSpecification column, int component)
{
return new ColumnSpecification(column.ksName,
column.cfName,
new ColumnIdentifier(String.format("%s[%d]", column.name, component), true),
(getTupleType(column.type)).type(component));
}
/**
* A raw, literal tuple. When prepared, this will become a Tuples.Value or Tuples.DelayedValue, depending
* on whether the tuple holds NonTerminals.
*/
public static class Literal extends Term.MultiColumnRaw
{
private final List elements;
public Literal(List elements)
{
this.elements = elements;
}
public Term prepare(String keyspace, ColumnSpecification receiver) throws InvalidRequestException
{
// The parser cannot differentiate between a tuple with one element and a term between parenthesis.
// By consequence, we need to wait until we know the target type to determine which one it is.
if (elements.size() == 1 && !checkIfTupleType(receiver.type))
return elements.get(0).prepare(keyspace, receiver);
validateTupleAssignableTo(receiver, elements);
List values = new ArrayList<>(elements.size());
boolean allTerminal = true;
for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++)
{
Term value = elements.get(i).prepare(keyspace, componentSpecOf(receiver, i));
if (value instanceof Term.NonTerminal)
allTerminal = false;
values.add(value);
}
DelayedValue value = new DelayedValue(getTupleType(receiver.type), values);
return allTerminal ? value.bind(QueryOptions.DEFAULT) : value;
}
public Term prepare(String keyspace, List receivers) throws InvalidRequestException
{
if (elements.size() != receivers.size())
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Expected %d elements in value tuple, but got %d: %s", receivers.size(), elements.size(), this));
List values = new ArrayList<>(elements.size());
List> types = new ArrayList<>(elements.size());
boolean allTerminal = true;
for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++)
{
Term t = elements.get(i).prepare(keyspace, receivers.get(i));
if (t instanceof Term.NonTerminal)
allTerminal = false;
values.add(t);
types.add(receivers.get(i).type);
}
DelayedValue value = new DelayedValue(new TupleType(types), values);
return allTerminal ? value.bind(QueryOptions.DEFAULT) : value;
}
public AssignmentTestable.TestResult testAssignment(String keyspace, ColumnSpecification receiver)
{
// The parser cannot differentiate between a tuple with one element and a term between parenthesis.
// By consequence, we need to wait until we know the target type to determine which one it is.
if (elements.size() == 1 && !checkIfTupleType(receiver.type))
return elements.get(0).testAssignment(keyspace, receiver);
return testTupleAssignment(receiver, elements);
}
@Override
public AbstractType getExactTypeIfKnown(String keyspace)
{
List> types = new ArrayList<>(elements.size());
for (Term.Raw term : elements)
{
AbstractType type = term.getExactTypeIfKnown(keyspace);
if (type == null)
return null;
types.add(type);
}
return new TupleType(types);
}
public String getText()
{
return tupleToString(elements, Term.Raw::getText);
}
}
/**
* A tuple of terminal values (e.g (123, 'abc')).
*/
public static class Value extends Term.MultiItemTerminal
{
public final ByteBuffer[] elements;
public Value(ByteBuffer[] elements)
{
this.elements = elements;
}
public static Value fromSerialized(ByteBuffer bytes, TupleType type)
{
ByteBuffer[] values = type.split(bytes);
if (values.length > type.size())
{
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format(
"Tuple value contained too many fields (expected %s, got %s)", type.size(), values.length));
}
return new Value(type.split(bytes));
}
public ByteBuffer get(ProtocolVersion protocolVersion)
{
return TupleType.buildValue(elements);
}
public List getElements()
{
return Arrays.asList(elements);
}
}
/**
* Similar to Value, but contains at least one NonTerminal, such as a non-pure functions or bind marker.
*/
public static class DelayedValue extends Term.NonTerminal
{
public final TupleType type;
public final List elements;
public DelayedValue(TupleType type, List elements)
{
this.type = type;
this.elements = elements;
}
public boolean containsBindMarker()
{
for (Term term : elements)
if (term.containsBindMarker())
return true;
return false;
}
public void collectMarkerSpecification(VariableSpecifications boundNames)
{
for (Term term : elements)
term.collectMarkerSpecification(boundNames);
}
private ByteBuffer[] bindInternal(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
if (elements.size() > type.size())
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format(
"Tuple value contained too many fields (expected %s, got %s)", type.size(), elements.size()));
ByteBuffer[] buffers = new ByteBuffer[elements.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++)
{
buffers[i] = elements.get(i).bindAndGet(options);
// Since A tuple value is always written in its entirety Cassandra can't preserve a pre-existing value by 'not setting' the new value. Reject the query.
if (buffers[i] == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid unset value for tuple field number %d", i));
}
return buffers;
}
public Value bind(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
return new Value(bindInternal(options));
}
@Override
public ByteBuffer bindAndGet(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
// We don't "need" that override but it saves us the allocation of a Value object if used
return TupleType.buildValue(bindInternal(options));
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return tupleToString(elements);
}
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
Terms.addFunctions(elements, functions);
}
}
/**
* A terminal value for a list of IN values that are tuples. For example: "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) IN ?"
* This is similar to Lists.Value, but allows us to keep components of the tuples in the list separate.
*/
public static class InValue extends Term.Terminal
{
List> elements;
public InValue(List> items)
{
this.elements = items;
}
public static InValue fromSerialized(ByteBuffer value, ListType type, QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
try
{
// Collections have this small hack that validate cannot be called on a serialized object,
// but the deserialization does the validation (so we're fine).
List l = type.getSerializer().deserializeForNativeProtocol(value, ByteBufferAccessor.instance, options.getProtocolVersion());
assert type.getElementsType() instanceof TupleType;
TupleType tupleType = Tuples.getTupleType(type.getElementsType());
// type.split(bytes)
List> elements = new ArrayList<>(l.size());
for (Object element : l)
elements.add(Arrays.asList(tupleType.split(type.getElementsType().decompose(element))));
return new InValue(elements);
}
catch (MarshalException e)
{
throw new InvalidRequestException(e.getMessage());
}
}
public ByteBuffer get(ProtocolVersion protocolVersion)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public List> getSplitValues()
{
return elements;
}
}
/**
* A raw placeholder for a tuple of values for different multiple columns, each of which may have a different type.
* {@code
* For example, "SELECT ... WHERE (col1, col2) > ?".
* }
*/
public static class Raw extends AbstractMarker.MultiColumnRaw
{
public Raw(int bindIndex)
{
super(bindIndex);
}
private static ColumnSpecification makeReceiver(List receivers)
{
List> types = new ArrayList<>(receivers.size());
StringBuilder inName = new StringBuilder("(");
for (int i = 0; i < receivers.size(); i++)
{
ColumnSpecification receiver = receivers.get(i);
inName.append(receiver.name);
if (i < receivers.size() - 1)
inName.append(",");
types.add(receiver.type);
}
inName.append(')');
ColumnIdentifier identifier = new ColumnIdentifier(inName.toString(), true);
TupleType type = new TupleType(types);
return new ColumnSpecification(receivers.get(0).ksName, receivers.get(0).cfName, identifier, type);
}
public AbstractType getExactTypeIfKnown(String keyspace)
{
return null;
}
public AbstractMarker prepare(String keyspace, List receivers) throws InvalidRequestException
{
return new Tuples.Marker(bindIndex, makeReceiver(receivers));
}
}
/**
* A raw marker for an IN list of tuples, like "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) IN ?"
*/
public static class INRaw extends AbstractMarker.MultiColumnRaw
{
public INRaw(int bindIndex)
{
super(bindIndex);
}
private static ColumnSpecification makeInReceiver(List receivers) throws InvalidRequestException
{
List> types = new ArrayList<>(receivers.size());
StringBuilder inName = new StringBuilder("in(");
for (int i = 0; i < receivers.size(); i++)
{
ColumnSpecification receiver = receivers.get(i);
inName.append(receiver.name);
if (i < receivers.size() - 1)
inName.append(",");
if (receiver.type.isCollection() && receiver.type.isMultiCell())
throw new InvalidRequestException("Non-frozen collection columns do not support IN relations");
types.add(receiver.type);
}
inName.append(')');
ColumnIdentifier identifier = new ColumnIdentifier(inName.toString(), true);
TupleType type = new TupleType(types);
return new ColumnSpecification(receivers.get(0).ksName, receivers.get(0).cfName, identifier, ListType.getInstance(type, false));
}
public AbstractType getExactTypeIfKnown(String keyspace)
{
return null;
}
public AbstractMarker prepare(String keyspace, List receivers) throws InvalidRequestException
{
return new InMarker(bindIndex, makeInReceiver(receivers));
}
}
/**
* {@code
* Represents a marker for a single tuple, like "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) > ?"
* }
*/
public static class Marker extends AbstractMarker
{
public Marker(int bindIndex, ColumnSpecification receiver)
{
super(bindIndex, receiver);
}
public Value bind(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
ByteBuffer value = options.getValues().get(bindIndex);
if (value == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid unset value for tuple %s", receiver.name));
return value == null ? null : Value.fromSerialized(value, getTupleType(receiver.type));
}
}
/**
* Represents a marker for a set of IN values that are tuples, like "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) IN ?"
*/
public static class InMarker extends AbstractMarker
{
protected InMarker(int bindIndex, ColumnSpecification receiver)
{
super(bindIndex, receiver);
assert receiver.type instanceof ListType;
}
public InValue bind(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
{
ByteBuffer value = options.getValues().get(bindIndex);
if (value == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid unset value for %s", receiver.name));
return value == null ? null : InValue.fromSerialized(value, (ListType)receiver.type, options);
}
}
/**
* Create a String representation of the tuple containing the specified elements.
*
* @param elements the tuple elements
* @return a String representation of the tuple
*/
public static String tupleToString(List elements)
{
return tupleToString(elements, Object::toString);
}
/**
* Create a String representation of the tuple from the specified items associated to
* the tuples elements.
*
* @param items items associated to the tuple elements
* @param mapper the mapper used to map the items to the String representation of the tuple elements
* @return a String representation of the tuple
*/
public static String tupleToString(Iterable items, java.util.function.Function mapper)
{
return StreamSupport.stream(items.spliterator(), false)
.map(e -> mapper.apply(e))
.collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "(", ")"));
}
/**
* Returns the exact TupleType from the items if it can be known.
*
* @param items the items mapped to the tuple elements
* @param mapper the mapper used to retrieve the element types from the items
* @return the exact TupleType from the items if it can be known or null
*/
public static AbstractType getExactTupleTypeIfKnown(List items,
java.util.function.Function> mapper)
{
List> types = new ArrayList<>(items.size());
for (T item : items)
{
AbstractType type = mapper.apply(item);
if (type == null)
return null;
types.add(type);
}
return new TupleType(types);
}
/**
* Checks if the tuple with the specified elements can be assigned to the specified column.
*
* @param receiver the receiving column
* @param elements the tuple elements
* @throws InvalidRequestException if the tuple cannot be assigned to the specified column.
*/
public static void validateTupleAssignableTo(ColumnSpecification receiver,
List elements)
{
if (!checkIfTupleType(receiver.type))
throw invalidRequest("Invalid tuple type literal for %s of type %s", receiver.name, receiver.type.asCQL3Type());
TupleType tt = getTupleType(receiver.type);
for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++)
{
if (i >= tt.size())
{
throw invalidRequest("Invalid tuple literal for %s: too many elements. Type %s expects %d but got %d",
receiver.name, tt.asCQL3Type(), tt.size(), elements.size());
}
AssignmentTestable value = elements.get(i);
ColumnSpecification spec = componentSpecOf(receiver, i);
if (!value.testAssignment(receiver.ksName, spec).isAssignable())
throw invalidRequest("Invalid tuple literal for %s: component %d is not of type %s",
receiver.name, i, spec.type.asCQL3Type());
}
}
/**
* Tests that the tuple with the specified elements can be assigned to the specified column.
*
* @param receiver the receiving column
* @param elements the tuple elements
*/
public static AssignmentTestable.TestResult testTupleAssignment(ColumnSpecification receiver,
List elements)
{
try
{
validateTupleAssignableTo(receiver, elements);
return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.WEAKLY_ASSIGNABLE;
}
catch (InvalidRequestException e)
{
return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.NOT_ASSIGNABLE;
}
}
public static boolean checkIfTupleType(AbstractType tuple)
{
return (tuple instanceof TupleType) ||
(tuple instanceof ReversedType && ((ReversedType) tuple).baseType instanceof TupleType);
}
public static TupleType getTupleType(AbstractType tuple)
{
return (tuple instanceof ReversedType ? ((TupleType) ((ReversedType) tuple).baseType) : (TupleType)tuple);
}
}
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