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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import javax.script.*;
import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.AbstractJSObject;
import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.ClassFilter;
import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine;
import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngineFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.NamedThreadFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.ColumnIdentifier;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import org.apache.cassandra.security.SecurityThreadGroup;
import org.apache.cassandra.security.ThreadAwareSecurityManager;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.ProtocolVersion;
final class ScriptBasedUDFunction extends UDFunction
{
private static final ProtectionDomain protectionDomain;
private static final AccessControlContext accessControlContext;
//
// For scripted UDFs we have to rely on the security mechanisms of the scripting engine and
// SecurityManager - especially SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(). Unlike Java-UDFs, strict checking
// of class access via the UDF class loader is not possible, since e.g. Nashorn builds its own class loader
// (jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptLoader / jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.NashornLoader) configured with
// a system class loader.
//
private static final String[] allowedPackagesArray =
{
// following required by jdk.nashorn.internal.objects.Global.initJavaAccess()
"",
"com",
"edu",
"java",
"javax",
"javafx",
"org",
// following required by Nashorn runtime
"java.lang",
"java.lang.invoke",
"java.lang.reflect",
"java.nio.charset",
"java.util",
"java.util.concurrent",
"javax.script",
"sun.reflect",
"jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.commons",
"jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime",
"jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.linker",
// Nashorn / Java 11
"java.lang.ref",
"java.io",
"java.util.function",
"jdk.dynalink.linker",
"jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm",
"jdk.internal.reflect",
"jdk.nashorn.internal.scripts",
// following required by Java Driver
"java.math",
"java.nio",
"java.text",
"com.google.common.base",
"com.google.common.collect",
"com.google.common.reflect",
// following required by UDF
"org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.types",
"org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.types.exceptions",
"org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.types.utils"
};
// use a JVM standard ExecutorService as DebuggableThreadPoolExecutor references internal
// classes, which triggers AccessControlException from the UDF sandbox
private static final UDFExecutorService executor =
new UDFExecutorService(new NamedThreadFactory("UserDefinedScriptFunctions",
Thread.MIN_PRIORITY,
udfClassLoader,
new SecurityThreadGroup("UserDefinedScriptFunctions",
Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(allowedPackagesArray))),
UDFunction::initializeThread)),
"userscripts");
private static final ClassFilter classFilter = clsName -> secureResource(clsName.replace('.', '/') + ".class");
private static final NashornScriptEngine scriptEngine;
static
{
ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = scriptEngineManager.getEngineByName("nashorn");
NashornScriptEngineFactory factory = engine != null ? (NashornScriptEngineFactory) engine.getFactory() : null;
scriptEngine = factory != null ? (NashornScriptEngine) factory.getScriptEngine(new String[]{}, udfClassLoader, classFilter) : null;
try
{
protectionDomain = new ProtectionDomain(new CodeSource(new URL("udf", "localhost", 0, "/script", new URLStreamHandler()
{
protected URLConnection openConnection(URL u)
{
return null;
}
}), (Certificate[]) null), ThreadAwareSecurityManager.noPermissions);
}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
accessControlContext = new AccessControlContext(new ProtectionDomain[]{ protectionDomain });
}
private final CompiledScript script;
private final Object udfContextBinding;
ScriptBasedUDFunction(FunctionName name,
List argNames,
List> argTypes,
AbstractType returnType,
boolean calledOnNullInput,
String language,
String body)
{
super(name, argNames, argTypes, returnType, calledOnNullInput, language, body);
if (!"JavaScript".equalsIgnoreCase(language) || scriptEngine == null)
throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid language '%s' for function '%s'", language, name));
// execute compilation with no-permissions to prevent evil code e.g. via "static code blocks" / "class initialization"
try
{
this.script = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction) () -> scriptEngine.compile(body),
accessControlContext);
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException x)
{
Throwable e = x.getCause();
logger.info("Failed to compile function '{}' for language {}: ", name, language, e);
throw new InvalidRequestException(
String.format("Failed to compile function '%s' for language %s: %s", name, language, e));
}
// It's not always possible to simply pass a plain Java object as a binding to Nashorn and
// let the script execute methods on it.
udfContextBinding = new UDFContextWrapper();
}
protected ExecutorService executor()
{
return executor;
}
public ByteBuffer executeUserDefined(ProtocolVersion protocolVersion, List parameters)
{
Object[] params = new Object[argTypes.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)
params[i] = compose(protocolVersion, i, parameters.get(i));
Object result = executeScriptInternal(params);
return decompose(protocolVersion, result);
}
/**
* Like {@link UDFunction#executeUserDefined(ProtocolVersion, List)} but the first parameter is already in non-serialized form.
* Remaining parameters (2nd paramters and all others) are in {@code parameters}.
* This is used to prevent superfluous (de)serialization of the state of aggregates.
* Means: scalar functions of aggregates are called using this variant.
*/
protected Object executeAggregateUserDefined(ProtocolVersion protocolVersion, Object firstParam, List parameters)
{
Object[] params = new Object[argTypes.size()];
params[0] = firstParam;
for (int i = 1; i < params.length; i++)
params[i] = compose(protocolVersion, i, parameters.get(i - 1));
return executeScriptInternal(params);
}
private Object executeScriptInternal(Object[] params)
{
ScriptContext scriptContext = new SimpleScriptContext();
scriptContext.setAttribute("javax.script.filename", this.name.toString(), ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);
Bindings bindings = scriptContext.getBindings(ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)
bindings.put(argNames.get(i).toString(), params[i]);
bindings.put("udfContext", udfContextBinding);
Object result;
try
{
// How to prevent Class.forName() _without_ "help" from the script engine ?
// NOTE: Nashorn enforces a special permission to allow class-loading, which is not granted - so it's fine.
result = script.eval(scriptContext);
}
catch (ScriptException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if (result == null)
return null;
Class javaReturnType = UDHelper.asJavaClass(returnCodec);
Class resultType = result.getClass();
if (!javaReturnType.isAssignableFrom(resultType))
{
if (result instanceof Number)
{
Number rNumber = (Number) result;
if (javaReturnType == Integer.class)
result = rNumber.intValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Long.class)
result = rNumber.longValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Short.class)
result = rNumber.shortValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Byte.class)
result = rNumber.byteValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Float.class)
result = rNumber.floatValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Double.class)
result = rNumber.doubleValue();
else if (javaReturnType == BigInteger.class)
{
if (javaReturnType == Integer.class)
result = rNumber.intValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Short.class)
result = rNumber.shortValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Byte.class)
result = rNumber.byteValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Long.class)
result = rNumber.longValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Float.class)
result = rNumber.floatValue();
else if (javaReturnType == Double.class)
result = rNumber.doubleValue();
else if (javaReturnType == BigInteger.class)
{
if (rNumber instanceof BigDecimal)
result = ((BigDecimal) rNumber).toBigInteger();
else if (rNumber instanceof Double || rNumber instanceof Float)
result = new BigDecimal(rNumber.toString()).toBigInteger();
else
result = BigInteger.valueOf(rNumber.longValue());
}
else if (javaReturnType == BigDecimal.class)
// String c'tor of BigDecimal is more accurate than valueOf(double)
result = new BigDecimal(rNumber.toString());
}
else if (javaReturnType == BigDecimal.class)
// String c'tor of BigDecimal is more accurate than valueOf(double)
result = new BigDecimal(rNumber.toString());
}
}
return result;
}
private final class UDFContextWrapper extends AbstractJSObject
{
private final AbstractJSObject fRetUDT;
private final AbstractJSObject fArgUDT;
private final AbstractJSObject fRetTup;
private final AbstractJSObject fArgTup;
UDFContextWrapper()
{
fRetUDT = new AbstractJSObject()
{
public Object call(Object thiz, Object... args)
{
return udfContext.newReturnUDTValue();
}
};
fArgUDT = new AbstractJSObject()
{
public Object call(Object thiz, Object... args)
{
if (args[0] instanceof String)
return udfContext.newArgUDTValue((String) args[0]);
if (args[0] instanceof Number)
return udfContext.newArgUDTValue(((Number) args[0]).intValue());
return super.call(thiz, args);
}
};
fRetTup = new AbstractJSObject()
{
public Object call(Object thiz, Object... args)
{
return udfContext.newReturnTupleValue();
}
};
fArgTup = new AbstractJSObject()
{
public Object call(Object thiz, Object... args)
{
if (args[0] instanceof String)
return udfContext.newArgTupleValue((String) args[0]);
if (args[0] instanceof Number)
return udfContext.newArgTupleValue(((Number) args[0]).intValue());
return super.call(thiz, args);
}
};
}
public Object getMember(String name)
{
switch(name)
{
case "newReturnUDTValue":
return fRetUDT;
case "newArgUDTValue":
return fArgUDT;
case "newReturnTupleValue":
return fRetTup;
case "newArgTupleValue":
return fArgTup;
}
return super.getMember(name);
}
}
}
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