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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.restrictions;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.AbstractMarker;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Operator;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.QueryOptions;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Term;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Terms;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Tuples;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Term.Terminal;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.Function;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.Bound;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.MultiCBuilder;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.filter.RowFilter;
import org.apache.cassandra.index.Index;
import org.apache.cassandra.index.IndexRegistry;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.serializers.ListSerializer;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.checkFalse;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.checkNotNull;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.checkTrue;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.RequestValidations.invalidRequest;
public abstract class MultiColumnRestriction implements SingleRestriction
{
/**
* The columns to which the restriction apply.
*/
protected final List columnDefs;
public MultiColumnRestriction(List columnDefs)
{
this.columnDefs = columnDefs;
}
@Override
public boolean isMultiColumn()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public ColumnMetadata getFirstColumn()
{
return columnDefs.get(0);
}
@Override
public ColumnMetadata getLastColumn()
{
return columnDefs.get(columnDefs.size() - 1);
}
@Override
public List getColumnDefs()
{
return columnDefs;
}
@Override
public final SingleRestriction mergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction)
{
// We want to allow query like: (b,c) > (?, ?) AND b < ?
if (!otherRestriction.isMultiColumn()
&& ((SingleColumnRestriction) otherRestriction).canBeConvertedToMultiColumnRestriction())
{
return doMergeWith(((SingleColumnRestriction) otherRestriction).toMultiColumnRestriction());
}
return doMergeWith(otherRestriction);
}
protected abstract SingleRestriction doMergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction);
/**
* Returns the names of the columns that are specified within this Restrictions and the other one
* as a comma separated String.
*
* @param otherRestriction the other restrictions
* @return the names of the columns that are specified within this Restrictions and the other one
* as a comma separated String.
*/
protected final String getColumnsInCommons(Restriction otherRestriction)
{
Set commons = new HashSet<>(getColumnDefs());
commons.retainAll(otherRestriction.getColumnDefs());
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (ColumnMetadata columnMetadata : commons)
{
if (builder.length() != 0)
builder.append(" ,");
builder.append(columnMetadata.name);
}
return builder.toString();
}
@Override
public final boolean hasSupportingIndex(IndexRegistry indexRegistry)
{
for (Index index : indexRegistry.listIndexes())
if (isSupportedBy(index))
return true;
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean needsFiltering(Index.Group indexGroup)
{
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDefs)
{
if (!isSupportedBy(indexGroup, column))
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean isSupportedBy(Index.Group indexGroup, ColumnMetadata column)
{
for (Index index : indexGroup.getIndexes())
{
if (isSupportedBy(index, column))
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check if this type of restriction is supported for by the specified index.
* @param index the secondary index
*
* @return true this type of restriction is supported by the specified index,
* false otherwise.
*/
private boolean isSupportedBy(Index index)
{
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDefs)
{
if (isSupportedBy(index, column))
return true;
}
return false;
}
protected abstract boolean isSupportedBy(Index index, ColumnMetadata def);
public static class EQRestriction extends MultiColumnRestriction
{
protected final Term value;
public EQRestriction(List columnDefs, Term value)
{
super(columnDefs);
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public boolean isEQ()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
value.addFunctionsTo(functions);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("EQ(%s)", value);
}
@Override
public SingleRestriction doMergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction)
{
throw invalidRequest("%s cannot be restricted by more than one relation if it includes an Equal",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
}
@Override
protected boolean isSupportedBy(Index index, ColumnMetadata column)
{
return index.supportsExpression(column, Operator.EQ);
}
@Override
public MultiCBuilder appendTo(MultiCBuilder builder, QueryOptions options)
{
Tuples.Value t = ((Tuples.Value) value.bind(options));
List values = t.getElements();
for (int i = 0, m = values.size(); i < m; i++)
{
builder.addElementToAll(values.get(i));
checkFalse(builder.containsNull(), "Invalid null value for column %s", columnDefs.get(i).name);
}
return builder;
}
@Override
public final void addToRowFilter(RowFilter filter, IndexRegistry indexRegistry, QueryOptions options)
{
Tuples.Value t = ((Tuples.Value) value.bind(options));
List values = t.getElements();
for (int i = 0, m = columnDefs.size(); i < m; i++)
{
ColumnMetadata columnDef = columnDefs.get(i);
filter.add(columnDef, Operator.EQ, values.get(i));
}
}
}
public abstract static class INRestriction extends MultiColumnRestriction
{
public INRestriction(List columnDefs)
{
super(columnDefs);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public MultiCBuilder appendTo(MultiCBuilder builder, QueryOptions options)
{
List> splitInValues = splitValues(options);
builder.addAllElementsToAll(splitInValues);
if (builder.containsNull())
throw invalidRequest("Invalid null value in condition for columns: %s", ColumnMetadata.toIdentifiers(columnDefs));
return builder;
}
@Override
public boolean isIN()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public SingleRestriction doMergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction)
{
throw invalidRequest("%s cannot be restricted by more than one relation if it includes a IN",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
}
@Override
protected boolean isSupportedBy(Index index, ColumnMetadata column)
{
return index.supportsExpression(column, Operator.IN);
}
@Override
public final void addToRowFilter(RowFilter filter,
IndexRegistry indexRegistry,
QueryOptions options)
{
// If the relation is of the type (c) IN ((x),(y),(z)) then it is equivalent to
// c IN (x, y, z) and we can perform filtering
if (getColumnDefs().size() == 1)
{
List> splitValues = splitValues(options);
List values = new ArrayList<>(splitValues.size());
for (List splitValue : splitValues)
values.add(splitValue.get(0));
ByteBuffer buffer = ListSerializer.pack(values, values.size());
filter.add(getFirstColumn(), Operator.IN, buffer);
}
else
{
throw invalidRequest("Multicolumn IN filters are not supported");
}
}
protected abstract List> splitValues(QueryOptions options);
}
/**
* An IN restriction that has a set of terms for in values.
* For example: "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) IN ((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6))" or "WHERE (a, b, c) IN (?, ?)"
*/
public static class InRestrictionWithValues extends INRestriction
{
protected final List values;
public InRestrictionWithValues(List columnDefs, List values)
{
super(columnDefs);
this.values = values;
}
@Override
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
Terms.addFunctions(values, functions);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return String.format("IN(%s)", values);
}
@Override
protected List> splitValues(QueryOptions options)
{
List> buffers = new ArrayList<>(values.size());
for (Term value : values)
{
Term.MultiItemTerminal term = (Term.MultiItemTerminal) value.bind(options);
buffers.add(term.getElements());
}
return buffers;
}
}
/**
* An IN restriction that uses a single marker for a set of IN values that are tuples.
* For example: "SELECT ... WHERE (a, b, c) IN ?"
*/
public static class InRestrictionWithMarker extends INRestriction
{
protected final AbstractMarker marker;
public InRestrictionWithMarker(List columnDefs, AbstractMarker marker)
{
super(columnDefs);
this.marker = marker;
}
@Override
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "IN ?";
}
@Override
protected List> splitValues(QueryOptions options)
{
Tuples.InMarker inMarker = (Tuples.InMarker) marker;
Tuples.InValue inValue = inMarker.bind(options);
checkNotNull(inValue, "Invalid null value for IN restriction");
return inValue.getSplitValues();
}
}
public static class SliceRestriction extends MultiColumnRestriction
{
private final TermSlice slice;
public SliceRestriction(List columnDefs, Bound bound, boolean inclusive, Term term)
{
this(columnDefs, TermSlice.newInstance(bound, inclusive, term));
}
SliceRestriction(List columnDefs, TermSlice slice)
{
super(columnDefs);
this.slice = slice;
}
@Override
public boolean isSlice()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public MultiCBuilder appendTo(MultiCBuilder builder, QueryOptions options)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
@Override
public MultiCBuilder appendBoundTo(MultiCBuilder builder, Bound bound, QueryOptions options)
{
boolean reversed = getFirstColumn().isReversedType();
EnumMap> componentBounds = new EnumMap<>(Bound.class);
componentBounds.put(Bound.START, componentBounds(Bound.START, options));
componentBounds.put(Bound.END, componentBounds(Bound.END, options));
List> toAdd = new ArrayList<>();
List values = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0, m = columnDefs.size(); i < m; i++)
{
ColumnMetadata column = columnDefs.get(i);
Bound b = bound.reverseIfNeeded(column);
// For mixed order columns, we need to create additional slices when 2 columns are in reverse order
if (reversed != column.isReversedType())
{
reversed = column.isReversedType();
// As we are switching direction we need to add the current composite
toAdd.add(values);
// The new bound side has no value for this component. just stop
if (!hasComponent(b, i, componentBounds))
continue;
// The other side has still some components. We need to end the slice that we have just open.
if (hasComponent(b.reverse(), i, componentBounds))
toAdd.add(values);
// We need to rebuild where we are in this bound side
values = new ArrayList();
List vals = componentBounds.get(b);
int n = Math.min(i, vals.size());
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
ByteBuffer v = checkNotNull(vals.get(j),
"Invalid null value in condition for column %s",
columnDefs.get(j).name);
values.add(v);
}
}
if (!hasComponent(b, i, componentBounds))
continue;
ByteBuffer v = checkNotNull(componentBounds.get(b).get(i), "Invalid null value in condition for column %s", columnDefs.get(i).name);
values.add(v);
}
toAdd.add(values);
if (bound.isEnd())
Collections.reverse(toAdd);
return builder.addAllElementsToAll(toAdd);
}
@Override
protected boolean isSupportedBy(Index index, ColumnMetadata column)
{
return slice.isSupportedBy(column, index);
}
@Override
public boolean hasBound(Bound bound)
{
return slice.hasBound(bound);
}
@Override
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
slice.addFunctionsTo(functions);
}
@Override
public boolean isInclusive(Bound bound)
{
return slice.isInclusive(bound);
}
@Override
public SingleRestriction doMergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction)
{
checkTrue(otherRestriction.isSlice(),
"Column \"%s\" cannot be restricted by both an equality and an inequality relation",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
if (!getFirstColumn().equals(otherRestriction.getFirstColumn()))
{
ColumnMetadata column = getFirstColumn().position() > otherRestriction.getFirstColumn().position()
? getFirstColumn() : otherRestriction.getFirstColumn();
throw invalidRequest("Column \"%s\" cannot be restricted by two inequalities not starting with the same column",
column.name);
}
checkFalse(hasBound(Bound.START) && otherRestriction.hasBound(Bound.START),
"More than one restriction was found for the start bound on %s",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
checkFalse(hasBound(Bound.END) && otherRestriction.hasBound(Bound.END),
"More than one restriction was found for the end bound on %s",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
SliceRestriction otherSlice = (SliceRestriction) otherRestriction;
List newColumnDefs = columnDefs.size() >= otherSlice.columnDefs.size() ? columnDefs : otherSlice.columnDefs;
return new SliceRestriction(newColumnDefs, slice.merge(otherSlice.slice));
}
@Override
public final void addToRowFilter(RowFilter filter,
IndexRegistry indexRegistry,
QueryOptions options)
{
throw invalidRequest("Multi-column slice restrictions cannot be used for filtering.");
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "SLICE" + slice;
}
/**
* Similar to bounds(), but returns one ByteBuffer per-component in the bound instead of a single
* ByteBuffer to represent the entire bound.
* @param b the bound type
* @param options the query options
* @return one ByteBuffer per-component in the bound
*/
private List componentBounds(Bound b, QueryOptions options)
{
if (!slice.hasBound(b))
return Collections.emptyList();
Terminal terminal = slice.bound(b).bind(options);
if (terminal instanceof Tuples.Value)
{
return ((Tuples.Value) terminal).getElements();
}
return Collections.singletonList(terminal.get(options.getProtocolVersion()));
}
private boolean hasComponent(Bound b, int index, EnumMap> componentBounds)
{
return componentBounds.get(b).size() > index;
}
}
public static class NotNullRestriction extends MultiColumnRestriction
{
public NotNullRestriction(List columnDefs)
{
super(columnDefs);
assert columnDefs.size() == 1;
}
@Override
public void addFunctionsTo(List functions)
{
}
@Override
public boolean isNotNull()
{
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "IS NOT NULL";
}
@Override
public SingleRestriction doMergeWith(SingleRestriction otherRestriction)
{
throw invalidRequest("%s cannot be restricted by a relation if it includes an IS NOT NULL clause",
getColumnsInCommons(otherRestriction));
}
@Override
protected boolean isSupportedBy(Index index, ColumnMetadata column)
{
return index.supportsExpression(column, Operator.IS_NOT);
}
@Override
public MultiCBuilder appendTo(MultiCBuilder builder, QueryOptions options)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot use IS NOT NULL restriction for slicing");
}
@Override
public final void addToRowFilter(RowFilter filter, IndexRegistry indexRegistry, QueryOptions options)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Secondary indexes do not support IS NOT NULL restrictions");
}
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this, ToStringStyle.SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE);
}
}
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