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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.net;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.ExecutorLocals;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.Stage;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.IncompatibleSchemaException;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.DataInputBuffer;
import org.apache.cassandra.locator.InetAddressAndPort;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.Message.Header;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameDecoder.IntactFrame;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameDecoder.CorruptFrame;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.ResourceLimits.Limit;
import org.apache.cassandra.tracing.TraceState;
import org.apache.cassandra.tracing.Tracing;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.JVMStabilityInspector;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.NoSpamLogger;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.MonotonicClock.Global.approxTime;
/**
* Implementation of {@link AbstractMessageHandler} for processing internode messages from peers.
*
* # Small vs large messages
* Small messages are deserialized in place, and then handed off to an appropriate
* thread pool for processing. Large messages accumulate frames until completion of a message, then hand off
* the untouched frames to the correct thread pool for the verb to be deserialized there and immediately processed.
*
* # Flow control (backpressure)
*
* To prevent nodes from overwhelming and bringing each other to the knees with more inbound messages that
* can be processed in a timely manner, {@link InboundMessageHandler} implements a strict flow control policy.
* The size of the incoming message is dependent on the messaging version of the specific peer connection. See
* {@link Message.Serializer#inferMessageSize(ByteBuffer, int, int, int)}.
*
* By default, every connection has 4MiB of exlusive permits available before needing to access the per-endpoint
* and global reserves.
*
* Permits are released after the verb handler has been invoked on the {@link Stage} for the {@link Verb} of the message.
*/
public class InboundMessageHandler extends AbstractMessageHandler
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(InboundMessageHandler.class);
private static final NoSpamLogger noSpamLogger = NoSpamLogger.getLogger(logger, 1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
private static final Message.Serializer serializer = Message.serializer;
private final ConnectionType type;
private final InetAddressAndPort self;
private final InetAddressAndPort peer;
private final int version;
private final InboundMessageCallbacks callbacks;
private final Consumer> consumer;
InboundMessageHandler(FrameDecoder decoder,
ConnectionType type,
Channel channel,
InetAddressAndPort self,
InetAddressAndPort peer,
int version,
int largeThreshold,
long queueCapacity,
Limit endpointReserveCapacity,
Limit globalReserveCapacity,
WaitQueue endpointWaitQueue,
WaitQueue globalWaitQueue,
OnHandlerClosed onClosed,
InboundMessageCallbacks callbacks,
Consumer> consumer)
{
super(decoder,
channel,
largeThreshold,
queueCapacity,
endpointReserveCapacity,
globalReserveCapacity,
endpointWaitQueue,
globalWaitQueue,
onClosed);
this.type = type;
this.self = self;
this.peer = peer;
this.version = version;
this.callbacks = callbacks;
this.consumer = consumer;
}
protected boolean processOneContainedMessage(ShareableBytes bytes, Limit endpointReserve, Limit globalReserve) throws IOException
{
ByteBuffer buf = bytes.get();
long currentTimeNanos = approxTime.now();
Header header = serializer.extractHeader(buf, peer, currentTimeNanos, version);
long timeElapsed = currentTimeNanos - header.createdAtNanos;
int size = serializer.inferMessageSize(buf, buf.position(), buf.limit());
if (approxTime.isAfter(currentTimeNanos, header.expiresAtNanos))
{
callbacks.onHeaderArrived(size, header, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
callbacks.onArrivedExpired(size, header, false, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
receivedCount++;
receivedBytes += size;
bytes.skipBytes(size);
return true;
}
if (!acquireCapacity(endpointReserve, globalReserve, size, currentTimeNanos, header.expiresAtNanos))
return false;
callbacks.onHeaderArrived(size, header, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
callbacks.onArrived(size, header, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
receivedCount++;
receivedBytes += size;
if (size <= largeThreshold)
processSmallMessage(bytes, size, header);
else
processLargeMessage(bytes, size, header);
return true;
}
private void processSmallMessage(ShareableBytes bytes, int size, Header header)
{
ByteBuffer buf = bytes.get();
final int begin = buf.position();
final int end = buf.limit();
buf.limit(begin + size); // cap to expected message size
Message message = null;
try (DataInputBuffer in = new DataInputBuffer(buf, false))
{
Message m = serializer.deserialize(in, header, version);
if (in.available() > 0) // bytes remaining after deser: deserializer is busted
throw new InvalidSerializedSizeException(header.verb, size, size - in.available());
message = m;
}
catch (IncompatibleSchemaException e)
{
callbacks.onFailedDeserialize(size, header, e);
noSpamLogger.info("{} incompatible schema encountered while deserializing a message", this, e);
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(t);
callbacks.onFailedDeserialize(size, header, t);
logger.error("{} unexpected exception caught while deserializing a message", id(), t);
}
finally
{
if (null == message)
releaseCapacity(size);
// no matter what, set position to the beginning of the next message and restore limit, so that
// we can always keep on decoding the frame even on failure to deserialize previous message
buf.position(begin + size);
buf.limit(end);
}
if (null != message)
dispatch(new ProcessSmallMessage(message, size));
}
// for various reasons, it's possible for a large message to be contained in a single frame
private void processLargeMessage(ShareableBytes bytes, int size, Header header)
{
new LargeMessage(size, header, bytes.sliceAndConsume(size).share()).schedule();
}
/*
* Handling of multi-frame large messages
*/
protected boolean processFirstFrameOfLargeMessage(IntactFrame frame, Limit endpointReserve, Limit globalReserve) throws IOException
{
ShareableBytes bytes = frame.contents;
ByteBuffer buf = bytes.get();
long currentTimeNanos = approxTime.now();
Header header = serializer.extractHeader(buf, peer, currentTimeNanos, version);
int size = serializer.inferMessageSize(buf, buf.position(), buf.limit());
boolean expired = approxTime.isAfter(currentTimeNanos, header.expiresAtNanos);
if (!expired && !acquireCapacity(endpointReserve, globalReserve, size, currentTimeNanos, header.expiresAtNanos))
return false;
callbacks.onHeaderArrived(size, header, currentTimeNanos - header.createdAtNanos, NANOSECONDS);
receivedBytes += buf.remaining();
largeMessage = new LargeMessage(size, header, expired);
largeMessage.supply(frame);
return true;
}
protected void processCorruptFrame(CorruptFrame frame) throws Crc.InvalidCrc
{
if (!frame.isRecoverable())
{
corruptFramesUnrecovered++;
throw new Crc.InvalidCrc(frame.readCRC, frame.computedCRC);
}
else if (frame.isSelfContained)
{
receivedBytes += frame.frameSize;
corruptFramesRecovered++;
noSpamLogger.warn("{} invalid, recoverable CRC mismatch detected while reading messages (corrupted self-contained frame)", id());
}
else if (null == largeMessage) // first frame of a large message
{
receivedBytes += frame.frameSize;
corruptFramesUnrecovered++;
noSpamLogger.error("{} invalid, unrecoverable CRC mismatch detected while reading messages (corrupted first frame of a large message)", id());
throw new Crc.InvalidCrc(frame.readCRC, frame.computedCRC);
}
else // subsequent frame of a large message
{
processSubsequentFrameOfLargeMessage(frame);
corruptFramesRecovered++;
noSpamLogger.warn("{} invalid, recoverable CRC mismatch detected while reading a large message", id());
}
}
String id(boolean includeReal)
{
if (!includeReal)
return id();
return SocketFactory.channelId(peer, (InetSocketAddress) channel.remoteAddress(),
self, (InetSocketAddress) channel.localAddress(),
type, channel.id().asShortText());
}
protected String id()
{
return SocketFactory.channelId(peer, self, type, channel.id().asShortText());
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return id();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause)
{
try
{
fatalExceptionCaught(cause);
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
logger.error("Unexpected exception in {}.exceptionCaught", this.getClass().getSimpleName(), t);
}
}
protected void fatalExceptionCaught(Throwable cause)
{
decoder.discard();
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(cause);
if (cause instanceof Message.InvalidLegacyProtocolMagic)
logger.error("{} invalid, unrecoverable CRC mismatch detected while reading messages - closing the connection", id());
else
logger.error("{} unexpected exception caught while processing inbound messages; terminating connection", id(), cause);
channel.close();
}
/*
* A large-message frame-accumulating state machine.
*
* Collects intact frames until it's has all the bytes necessary to deserialize the large message,
* at which point it schedules a task on the appropriate {@link Stage},
* a task that deserializes the message and immediately invokes the verb handler.
*
* Also handles corrupt frames and potential expiry of the large message during accumulation:
* if it's taking the frames too long to arrive, there is no point in holding on to the
* accumulated frames, or in gathering more - so we release the ones we already have, and
* skip any remaining ones, alongside with returning memory permits early.
*/
private class LargeMessage extends AbstractMessageHandler.LargeMessage
{
private LargeMessage(int size, Header header, boolean isExpired)
{
super(size, header, header.expiresAtNanos, isExpired);
}
private LargeMessage(int size, Header header, ShareableBytes bytes)
{
super(size, header, header.expiresAtNanos, bytes);
}
private void schedule()
{
dispatch(new ProcessLargeMessage(this));
}
protected void onComplete()
{
long timeElapsed = approxTime.now() - header.createdAtNanos;
if (!isExpired && !isCorrupt)
{
callbacks.onArrived(size, header, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
schedule();
}
else if (isExpired)
{
callbacks.onArrivedExpired(size, header, isCorrupt, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
}
else
{
callbacks.onArrivedCorrupt(size, header, timeElapsed, NANOSECONDS);
}
}
protected void abort()
{
if (!isExpired && !isCorrupt)
releaseBuffersAndCapacity(); // release resources if in normal state when abort() is invoked
callbacks.onClosedBeforeArrival(size, header, received, isCorrupt, isExpired);
}
private Message deserialize()
{
try (ChunkedInputPlus input = ChunkedInputPlus.of(buffers))
{
Message m = serializer.deserialize(input, header, version);
int remainder = input.remainder();
if (remainder > 0)
throw new InvalidSerializedSizeException(header.verb, size, size - remainder);
return m;
}
catch (IncompatibleSchemaException e)
{
callbacks.onFailedDeserialize(size, header, e);
noSpamLogger.info("{} incompatible schema encountered while deserializing a message", InboundMessageHandler.this, e);
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
JVMStabilityInspector.inspectThrowable(t);
callbacks.onFailedDeserialize(size, header, t);
logger.error("{} unexpected exception caught while deserializing a message", id(), t);
}
finally
{
buffers.clear(); // closing the input will have ensured that the buffers were released no matter what
}
return null;
}
}
/**
* Submit a {@link ProcessMessage} task to the appropriate {@link Stage} for the {@link Verb}.
*/
private void dispatch(ProcessMessage task)
{
Header header = task.header();
TraceState state = Tracing.instance.initializeFromMessage(header);
if (state != null) state.trace("{} message received from {}", header.verb, header.from);
callbacks.onDispatched(task.size(), header);
header.verb.stage.execute(ExecutorLocals.create(state), task);
}
private abstract class ProcessMessage implements Runnable
{
/**
* Actually handle the message. Runs on the appropriate {@link Stage} for the {@link Verb}.
*
* Small messages will come pre-deserialized. Large messages will be deserialized on the stage,
* just in time, and only then processed.
*/
public void run()
{
Header header = header();
long currentTimeNanos = approxTime.now();
boolean expired = approxTime.isAfter(currentTimeNanos, header.expiresAtNanos);
boolean processed = false;
try
{
callbacks.onExecuting(size(), header, currentTimeNanos - header.createdAtNanos, NANOSECONDS);
if (expired)
{
callbacks.onExpired(size(), header, currentTimeNanos - header.createdAtNanos, NANOSECONDS);
return;
}
Message message = provideMessage();
if (null != message)
{
consumer.accept(message);
processed = true;
callbacks.onProcessed(size(), header);
}
}
finally
{
if (processed)
releaseProcessedCapacity(size(), header);
else
releaseCapacity(size());
releaseResources();
callbacks.onExecuted(size(), header, approxTime.now() - currentTimeNanos, NANOSECONDS);
}
}
abstract int size();
abstract Header header();
abstract Message provideMessage();
void releaseResources() {}
}
private class ProcessSmallMessage extends ProcessMessage
{
private final int size;
private final Message message;
ProcessSmallMessage(Message message, int size)
{
this.size = size;
this.message = message;
}
int size()
{
return size;
}
Header header()
{
return message.header;
}
Message provideMessage()
{
return message;
}
}
private class ProcessLargeMessage extends ProcessMessage
{
private final LargeMessage message;
ProcessLargeMessage(LargeMessage message)
{
this.message = message;
}
int size()
{
return message.size;
}
Header header()
{
return message.header;
}
Message provideMessage()
{
return message.deserialize();
}
@Override
void releaseResources()
{
message.releaseBuffers(); // releases buffers if they haven't been yet (by deserialize() call)
}
}
}
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