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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.cassandra.repair;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.ColumnFamilyStore;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.CompactionInterruptedException;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.UnfilteredRowIterator;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Range;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Token;
import org.apache.cassandra.metrics.TableMetrics;
import org.apache.cassandra.metrics.TopPartitionTracker;
import org.apache.cassandra.repair.state.ValidationState;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.MerkleTree;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.MerkleTrees;

import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.Clock.Global.nanoTime;

public class ValidationManager
{
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ValidationManager.class);

    public static final ValidationManager instance = new ValidationManager();

    private ValidationManager() {}

    private static MerkleTrees createMerkleTrees(ValidationPartitionIterator validationIterator, Collection> ranges, ColumnFamilyStore cfs)
    {
        MerkleTrees trees = new MerkleTrees(cfs.getPartitioner());
        long allPartitions = validationIterator.estimatedPartitions();
        Map, Long> rangePartitionCounts = validationIterator.getRangePartitionCounts();

        // The repair coordinator must hold RF trees in memory at once, so a given validation compaction can only
        // use 1 / RF of the allowed space.
        long availableBytes = (DatabaseDescriptor.getRepairSessionSpaceInMiB() * 1048576) /
                              cfs.keyspace.getReplicationStrategy().getReplicationFactor().allReplicas;

        for (Range range : ranges)
        {
            long numPartitions = rangePartitionCounts.get(range);
            double rangeOwningRatio = allPartitions > 0 ? (double)numPartitions / allPartitions : 0;
            // determine max tree depth proportional to range size to avoid blowing up memory with multiple tress,
            // capping at a depth that does not exceed our memory budget (CASSANDRA-11390, CASSANDRA-14096)
            int rangeAvailableBytes = Math.max(1, (int) (rangeOwningRatio * availableBytes));
            // Try to estimate max tree depth that fits the space budget assuming hashes of 256 bits = 32 bytes
            // note that estimatedMaxDepthForBytes cannot return a number lower than 1
            int estimatedMaxDepth = MerkleTree.estimatedMaxDepthForBytes(cfs.getPartitioner(), rangeAvailableBytes, 32);
            int maxDepth = rangeOwningRatio > 0
                           ? Math.min(estimatedMaxDepth, DatabaseDescriptor.getRepairSessionMaxTreeDepth())
                           : 0;
            // determine tree depth from number of partitions, capping at max tree depth (CASSANDRA-5263)
            int depth = numPartitions > 0 ? (int) Math.min(Math.ceil(Math.log(numPartitions) / Math.log(2)), maxDepth) : 0;
            trees.addMerkleTree((int) Math.pow(2, depth), range);
        }
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
        {
            // MT serialize may take time
            logger.debug("Created {} merkle trees with merkle trees size {}, {} partitions, {} bytes", trees.ranges().size(), trees.size(), allPartitions, MerkleTrees.serializer.serializedSize(trees, 0));
        }

        return trees;
    }

    private static ValidationPartitionIterator getValidationIterator(TableRepairManager repairManager, Validator validator, TopPartitionTracker.Collector topPartitionCollector) throws IOException, NoSuchRepairSessionException
    {
        RepairJobDesc desc = validator.desc;
        return repairManager.getValidationIterator(desc.ranges, desc.parentSessionId, desc.sessionId, validator.isIncremental, validator.nowInSec, topPartitionCollector);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a readonly "compaction" of all sstables in order to validate complete rows,
     * but without writing the merge result
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    private void doValidation(ColumnFamilyStore cfs, Validator validator) throws IOException, NoSuchRepairSessionException
    {
        // this isn't meant to be race-proof, because it's not -- it won't cause bugs for a CFS to be dropped
        // mid-validation, or to attempt to validate a droped CFS.  this is just a best effort to avoid useless work,
        // particularly in the scenario where a validation is submitted before the drop, and there are compactions
        // started prior to the drop keeping some sstables alive.  Since validationCompaction can run
        // concurrently with other compactions, it would otherwise go ahead and scan those again.
        ValidationState state = validator.state;
        if (!cfs.isValid())
        {
            state.phase.skip(String.format("Table %s is not valid", cfs));
            return;
        }

        TopPartitionTracker.Collector topPartitionCollector = null;
        if (cfs.topPartitions != null && DatabaseDescriptor.topPartitionsEnabled() && isTopPartitionSupported(validator))
            topPartitionCollector = new TopPartitionTracker.Collector(validator.desc.ranges);

        // Create Merkle trees suitable to hold estimated partitions for the given ranges.
        // We blindly assume that a partition is evenly distributed on all sstables for now.
        long start = nanoTime();
        try (ValidationPartitionIterator vi = getValidationIterator(cfs.getRepairManager(), validator, topPartitionCollector))
        {
            state.phase.start(vi.estimatedPartitions(), vi.getEstimatedBytes());
            MerkleTrees trees = createMerkleTrees(vi, validator.desc.ranges, cfs);
            // validate the CF as we iterate over it
            validator.prepare(cfs, trees, topPartitionCollector);
            while (vi.hasNext())
            {
                try (UnfilteredRowIterator partition = vi.next())
                {
                    validator.add(partition);
                    state.partitionsProcessed++;
                    state.bytesRead = vi.getBytesRead();
                    if (state.partitionsProcessed % 1024 == 0) // update every so often
                        state.updated();
                }
            }
            validator.complete();
        }
        finally
        {
            cfs.metric.bytesValidated.update(state.estimatedTotalBytes);
            cfs.metric.partitionsValidated.update(state.partitionsProcessed);
            if (topPartitionCollector != null)
                cfs.topPartitions.merge(topPartitionCollector);
        }
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
        {
            long duration = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(nanoTime() - start);
            logger.debug("Validation of {} partitions (~{}) finished in {} msec, for {}",
                         state.partitionsProcessed,
                         FBUtilities.prettyPrintMemory(state.estimatedTotalBytes),
                         duration,
                         validator.desc);
        }
    }

    private static boolean isTopPartitionSupported(Validator validator)
    {
        // supported: --validate, --full, --full --preview
        switch (validator.getPreviewKind())
        {
            case NONE:
                return !validator.isIncremental;
            case ALL:
            case REPAIRED:
                return true;
            case UNREPAIRED:
                return false;
            default:
                throw new AssertionError("Unknown preview kind: " + validator.getPreviewKind());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Does not mutate data, so is not scheduled.
     */
    public Future submitValidation(ColumnFamilyStore cfs, Validator validator)
    {
        Callable