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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.schema;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.collect.*;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.antlr.runtime.RecognitionException;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.masking.ColumnMask;
import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.statements.schema.CreateTableStatement;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.filter.ColumnFilter;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.partitions.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.reads.SpeculativeRetryPolicy;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata.ClusteringOrder;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.Keyspaces.KeyspacesDiff;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.reads.repair.ReadRepairStrategy;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Simulate;
import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;
import static org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties.IGNORE_CORRUPTED_SCHEMA_TABLES;
import static org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_FLUSH_LOCAL_SCHEMA_CHANGES;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.QueryProcessor.executeInternal;
import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.QueryProcessor.executeOnceInternal;
import static org.apache.cassandra.schema.SchemaKeyspaceTables.*;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.Simulate.With.GLOBAL_CLOCK;
/**
* system_schema.* tables and methods for manipulating them.
*
* Please notice this class is _not_ thread safe and all methods which reads or updates the data in schema keyspace
* should be accessed only from the implementation of {@link SchemaUpdateHandler} in synchronized blocks.
*/
@NotThreadSafe
public final class SchemaKeyspace
{
private SchemaKeyspace()
{
}
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SchemaKeyspace.class);
private static final boolean FLUSH_SCHEMA_TABLES = TEST_FLUSH_LOCAL_SCHEMA_CHANGES.getBoolean();
private static final boolean IGNORE_CORRUPTED_SCHEMA_TABLES_PROPERTY_VALUE = IGNORE_CORRUPTED_SCHEMA_TABLES.getBoolean();
/**
* The tables to which we added the cdc column. This is used in {@link #makeUpdateForSchema} below to make sure we skip that
* column is cdc is disabled as the columns breaks pre-cdc to post-cdc upgrades (typically, 3.0 -> 3.X).
*/
private static final Set TABLES_WITH_CDC_ADDED = ImmutableSet.of(SchemaKeyspaceTables.TABLES, SchemaKeyspaceTables.VIEWS);
private static final TableMetadata Keyspaces =
parse(KEYSPACES,
"keyspace definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "durable_writes boolean,"
+ "replication frozen>,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name)))");
private static final TableMetadata Tables =
parse(TABLES,
"table definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "allow_auto_snapshot boolean,"
+ "bloom_filter_fp_chance double,"
+ "caching frozen>,"
+ "comment text,"
+ "compaction frozen>,"
+ "compression frozen>,"
+ "memtable text,"
+ "crc_check_chance double,"
+ "dclocal_read_repair_chance double," // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
+ "default_time_to_live int,"
+ "extensions frozen>,"
+ "flags frozen>," // SUPER, COUNTER, DENSE, COMPOUND
+ "gc_grace_seconds int,"
+ "incremental_backups boolean,"
+ "id uuid,"
+ "max_index_interval int,"
+ "memtable_flush_period_in_ms int,"
+ "min_index_interval int,"
+ "read_repair_chance double," // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
+ "speculative_retry text,"
+ "additional_write_policy text,"
+ "cdc boolean,"
+ "read_repair text,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Columns =
parse(COLUMNS,
"column definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "column_name text,"
+ "clustering_order text,"
+ "column_name_bytes blob,"
+ "kind text,"
+ "position int,"
+ "type text,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name, column_name))");
private static final TableMetadata ColumnMasks =
parse(COLUMN_MASKS,
"column dynamic data masks",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "column_name text,"
+ "function_keyspace text,"
+ "function_name text,"
+ "function_argument_types frozen>,"
+ "function_argument_values frozen>,"
+ "function_argument_nulls frozen>," // arguments that are null
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name, column_name))");
private static final TableMetadata DroppedColumns =
parse(DROPPED_COLUMNS,
"dropped column registry",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "column_name text,"
+ "dropped_time timestamp,"
+ "kind text,"
+ "type text,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name, column_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Triggers =
parse(TRIGGERS,
"trigger definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "trigger_name text,"
+ "options frozen>,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name, trigger_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Views =
parse(VIEWS,
"view definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "view_name text,"
+ "base_table_id uuid,"
+ "base_table_name text,"
+ "where_clause text,"
+ "allow_auto_snapshot boolean,"
+ "bloom_filter_fp_chance double,"
+ "caching frozen>,"
+ "comment text,"
+ "compaction frozen>,"
+ "compression frozen>,"
+ "memtable text,"
+ "crc_check_chance double,"
+ "dclocal_read_repair_chance double," // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
+ "default_time_to_live int,"
+ "extensions frozen>,"
+ "gc_grace_seconds int,"
+ "incremental_backups boolean,"
+ "id uuid,"
+ "include_all_columns boolean,"
+ "max_index_interval int,"
+ "memtable_flush_period_in_ms int,"
+ "min_index_interval int,"
+ "read_repair_chance double," // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
+ "speculative_retry text,"
+ "additional_write_policy text,"
+ "cdc boolean,"
+ "read_repair text,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), view_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Indexes =
parse(INDEXES,
"secondary index definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "table_name text,"
+ "index_name text,"
+ "kind text,"
+ "options frozen>,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), table_name, index_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Types =
parse(TYPES,
"user defined type definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "type_name text,"
+ "field_names frozen>,"
+ "field_types frozen>,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), type_name))");
private static final TableMetadata Functions =
parse(FUNCTIONS,
"user defined function definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "function_name text,"
+ "argument_types frozen>,"
+ "argument_names frozen>,"
+ "body text,"
+ "language text,"
+ "return_type text,"
+ "called_on_null_input boolean,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), function_name, argument_types))");
private static final TableMetadata Aggregates =
parse(AGGREGATES,
"user defined aggregate definitions",
"CREATE TABLE %s ("
+ "keyspace_name text,"
+ "aggregate_name text,"
+ "argument_types frozen>,"
+ "final_func text,"
+ "initcond text,"
+ "return_type text,"
+ "state_func text,"
+ "state_type text,"
+ "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name), aggregate_name, argument_types))");
private static final List ALL_TABLE_METADATA = ImmutableList.of(Keyspaces,
Tables,
Columns,
ColumnMasks,
Triggers,
DroppedColumns,
Views,
Types,
Functions,
Aggregates,
Indexes);
private static TableMetadata parse(String name, String description, String cql)
{
return CreateTableStatement.parse(format(cql, name), SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME)
.id(TableId.forSystemTable(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, name))
.gcGraceSeconds((int) TimeUnit.DAYS.toSeconds(7))
.memtableFlushPeriod((int) TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(1))
.comment(description)
.build();
}
public static KeyspaceMetadata metadata()
{
return KeyspaceMetadata.create(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, KeyspaceParams.local(), org.apache.cassandra.schema.Tables.of(ALL_TABLE_METADATA));
}
static Collection convertSchemaDiffToMutations(KeyspacesDiff diff, long timestamp)
{
Map mutations = new HashMap<>();
diff.dropped.forEach(k -> mutations.put(k.name, makeDropKeyspaceMutation(k, timestamp).build()));
diff.created.forEach(k -> mutations.put(k.name, makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(k, timestamp).build()));
diff.altered.forEach(kd ->
{
KeyspaceMetadata ks = kd.after;
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(ks.name, ks.params, timestamp);
kd.types.dropped.forEach(t -> addDropTypeToSchemaMutation(t, builder));
kd.types.created.forEach(t -> addTypeToSchemaMutation(t, builder));
kd.types.altered(Difference.SHALLOW).forEach(td -> addTypeToSchemaMutation(td.after, builder));
kd.tables.dropped.forEach(t -> addDropTableToSchemaMutation(t, builder));
kd.tables.created.forEach(t -> addTableToSchemaMutation(t, true, builder));
kd.tables.altered(Difference.SHALLOW).forEach(td -> addAlterTableToSchemaMutation(td.before, td.after, builder));
kd.views.dropped.forEach(v -> addDropViewToSchemaMutation(v, builder));
kd.views.created.forEach(v -> addViewToSchemaMutation(v, true, builder));
kd.views.altered(Difference.SHALLOW).forEach(vd -> addAlterViewToSchemaMutation(vd.before, vd.after, builder));
kd.udfs.dropped.forEach(f -> addDropFunctionToSchemaMutation((UDFunction) f, builder));
kd.udfs.created.forEach(f -> addFunctionToSchemaMutation((UDFunction) f, builder));
kd.udfs.altered(Difference.SHALLOW).forEach(fd -> addFunctionToSchemaMutation(fd.after, builder));
kd.udas.dropped.forEach(a -> addDropAggregateToSchemaMutation((UDAggregate) a, builder));
kd.udas.created.forEach(a -> addAggregateToSchemaMutation((UDAggregate) a, builder));
kd.udas.altered(Difference.SHALLOW).forEach(ad -> addAggregateToSchemaMutation(ad.after, builder));
mutations.put(ks.name, builder.build());
});
return mutations.values();
}
/**
* Add entries to system_schema.* for the hardcoded system keyspaces
*/
@Simulate(with = GLOBAL_CLOCK)
static void saveSystemKeyspacesSchema()
{
KeyspaceMetadata system = Schema.instance.getKeyspaceMetadata(SchemaConstants.SYSTEM_KEYSPACE_NAME);
KeyspaceMetadata schema = Schema.instance.getKeyspaceMetadata(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME);
long timestamp = FBUtilities.timestampMicros();
// delete old, possibly obsolete entries in schema tables
for (String schemaTable : ALL)
{
String query = String.format("DELETE FROM %s.%s USING TIMESTAMP ? WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, schemaTable);
for (String systemKeyspace : SchemaConstants.LOCAL_SYSTEM_KEYSPACE_NAMES)
executeOnceInternal(query, timestamp, systemKeyspace);
}
// (+1 to timestamp to make sure we don't get shadowed by the tombstones we just added)
makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(system, timestamp + 1).build().apply();
makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(schema, timestamp + 1).build().apply();
}
static void truncate()
{
logger.debug("Truncating schema tables...");
ALL.reverse().forEach(table -> getSchemaCFS(table).truncateBlocking());
}
private static void flush()
{
if (!DatabaseDescriptor.isUnsafeSystem())
ALL.forEach(table -> FBUtilities.waitOnFuture(getSchemaCFS(table).forceFlush(ColumnFamilyStore.FlushReason.INTERNALLY_FORCED)));
}
/**
* Read schema from system keyspace and calculate MD5 digest of every row, resulting digest
* will be converted into UUID which would act as content-based version of the schema.
*/
public static UUID calculateSchemaDigest()
{
Digest digest = Digest.forSchema();
for (String table : ALL)
{
ReadCommand cmd = getReadCommandForTableSchema(table);
try (ReadExecutionController executionController = cmd.executionController();
PartitionIterator schema = cmd.executeInternal(executionController))
{
while (schema.hasNext())
{
try (RowIterator partition = schema.next())
{
if (!isSystemKeyspaceSchemaPartition(partition.partitionKey()))
RowIterators.digest(partition, digest);
}
}
}
}
return UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(digest.digest());
}
/**
* @param schemaTableName The name of the table responsible for part of the schema
* @return CFS responsible to hold low-level serialized schema
*/
private static ColumnFamilyStore getSchemaCFS(String schemaTableName)
{
return Keyspace.open(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME).getColumnFamilyStore(schemaTableName);
}
/**
* @param schemaTableName The name of the table responsible for part of the schema.
* @return low-level schema representation
*/
private static ReadCommand getReadCommandForTableSchema(String schemaTableName)
{
ColumnFamilyStore cfs = getSchemaCFS(schemaTableName);
return PartitionRangeReadCommand.allDataRead(cfs.metadata(), FBUtilities.nowInSeconds());
}
static Collection convertSchemaToMutations()
{
Map mutationMap = new HashMap<>();
for (String table : ALL)
convertSchemaToMutations(mutationMap, table);
return mutationMap.values().stream().map(Mutation.PartitionUpdateCollector::build).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
private static void convertSchemaToMutations(Map mutationMap, String schemaTableName)
{
ReadCommand cmd = getReadCommandForTableSchema(schemaTableName);
try (ReadExecutionController executionController = cmd.executionController();
UnfilteredPartitionIterator iter = cmd.executeLocally(executionController))
{
while (iter.hasNext())
{
try (UnfilteredRowIterator partition = iter.next())
{
if (isSystemKeyspaceSchemaPartition(partition.partitionKey()))
continue;
DecoratedKey key = partition.partitionKey();
Mutation.PartitionUpdateCollector puCollector = mutationMap.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new Mutation.PartitionUpdateCollector(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, key));
puCollector.add(makeUpdateForSchema(partition, cmd.columnFilter()).withOnlyPresentColumns());
}
}
}
}
/**
* Creates a PartitionUpdate from a partition containing some schema table content.
* This is mainly calling {@code PartitionUpdate.fromIterator} except for the fact that it deals with
* the problem described in #12236.
*/
private static PartitionUpdate makeUpdateForSchema(UnfilteredRowIterator partition, ColumnFilter filter)
{
// This method is used during schema migration tasks, and if cdc is disabled, we want to force excluding the
// 'cdc' column from the TABLES/VIEWS schema table because it is problematic if received by older nodes (see #12236
// and #12697). Otherwise though, we just simply "buffer" the content of the partition into a PartitionUpdate.
if (DatabaseDescriptor.isCDCEnabled() || !TABLES_WITH_CDC_ADDED.contains(partition.metadata().name))
return PartitionUpdate.fromIterator(partition, filter);
// We want to skip the 'cdc' column. A simple solution for that is based on the fact that
// 'PartitionUpdate.fromIterator()' will ignore any columns that are marked as 'fetched' but not 'queried'.
ColumnFilter.Builder builder = ColumnFilter.allRegularColumnsBuilder(partition.metadata(), false);
for (ColumnMetadata column : filter.fetchedColumns())
{
if (!column.name.toString().equals("cdc"))
builder.add(column);
}
return PartitionUpdate.fromIterator(partition, builder.build());
}
private static boolean isSystemKeyspaceSchemaPartition(DecoratedKey partitionKey)
{
return SchemaConstants.isLocalSystemKeyspace(UTF8Type.instance.compose(partitionKey.getKey()));
}
/*
* Schema entities to mutations
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static DecoratedKey decorate(TableMetadata metadata, Object value)
{
return metadata.partitioner.decorateKey(metadata.partitionKeyType.decomposeUntyped(value));
}
private static Mutation.SimpleBuilder makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(String name, KeyspaceParams params, long timestamp)
{
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = Mutation.simpleBuilder(Keyspaces.keyspace, decorate(Keyspaces, name))
.timestamp(timestamp);
builder.update(Keyspaces)
.row()
.add(KeyspaceParams.Option.DURABLE_WRITES.toString(), params.durableWrites)
.add(KeyspaceParams.Option.REPLICATION.toString(), params.replication.asMap());
return builder;
}
@VisibleForTesting
static Mutation.SimpleBuilder makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(KeyspaceMetadata keyspace, long timestamp)
{
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(keyspace.name, keyspace.params, timestamp);
keyspace.tables.forEach(table -> addTableToSchemaMutation(table, true, builder));
keyspace.views.forEach(view -> addViewToSchemaMutation(view, true, builder));
keyspace.types.forEach(type -> addTypeToSchemaMutation(type, builder));
keyspace.userFunctions.udfs().forEach(udf -> addFunctionToSchemaMutation(udf, builder));
keyspace.userFunctions.udas().forEach(uda -> addAggregateToSchemaMutation(uda, builder));
return builder;
}
private static Mutation.SimpleBuilder makeDropKeyspaceMutation(KeyspaceMetadata keyspace, long timestamp)
{
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = Mutation.simpleBuilder(SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, decorate(Keyspaces, keyspace.name))
.timestamp(timestamp);
for (TableMetadata schemaTable : ALL_TABLE_METADATA)
builder.update(schemaTable).delete();
return builder;
}
private static void addTypeToSchemaMutation(UserType type, Mutation.SimpleBuilder mutation)
{
mutation.update(Types)
.row(type.getNameAsString())
.add("field_names", type.fieldNames().stream().map(FieldIdentifier::toString).collect(toList()))
.add("field_types", type.fieldTypes().stream().map(AbstractType::asCQL3Type).map(CQL3Type::toString).collect(toList()));
}
private static void addDropTypeToSchemaMutation(UserType type, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Types).row(type.name).delete();
}
@VisibleForTesting
static Mutation.SimpleBuilder makeCreateTableMutation(KeyspaceMetadata keyspace, TableMetadata table, long timestamp)
{
// Include the serialized keyspace in case the target node missed a CREATE KEYSPACE migration (see CASSANDRA-5631).
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(keyspace.name, keyspace.params, timestamp);
addTableToSchemaMutation(table, true, builder);
return builder;
}
private static void addTableToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, boolean withColumnsAndTriggers, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
Row.SimpleBuilder rowBuilder = builder.update(Tables)
.row(table.name)
.deletePrevious()
.add("id", table.id.asUUID())
.add("flags", TableMetadata.Flag.toStringSet(table.flags));
addTableParamsToRowBuilder(table.params, rowBuilder);
if (withColumnsAndTriggers)
{
for (ColumnMetadata column : table.columns())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
for (DroppedColumn column : table.droppedColumns.values())
addDroppedColumnToSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
for (TriggerMetadata trigger : table.triggers)
addTriggerToSchemaMutation(table, trigger, builder);
for (IndexMetadata index : table.indexes)
addIndexToSchemaMutation(table, index, builder);
}
}
private static void addTableParamsToRowBuilder(TableParams params, Row.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.add("bloom_filter_fp_chance", params.bloomFilterFpChance)
.add("comment", params.comment)
.add("dclocal_read_repair_chance", 0.0) // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
.add("default_time_to_live", params.defaultTimeToLive)
.add("gc_grace_seconds", params.gcGraceSeconds)
.add("max_index_interval", params.maxIndexInterval)
.add("memtable_flush_period_in_ms", params.memtableFlushPeriodInMs)
.add("min_index_interval", params.minIndexInterval)
.add("read_repair_chance", 0.0) // no longer used, left for drivers' sake
.add("speculative_retry", params.speculativeRetry.toString())
.add("additional_write_policy", params.additionalWritePolicy.toString())
.add("crc_check_chance", params.crcCheckChance)
.add("caching", params.caching.asMap())
.add("compaction", params.compaction.asMap())
.add("compression", params.compression.asMap())
.add("read_repair", params.readRepair.toString())
.add("extensions", params.extensions);
// Only add CDC-enabled flag to schema if it's enabled on the node. This is to work around RTE's post-8099 if a 3.8+
// node sends table schema to a < 3.8 versioned node with an unknown column.
if (DatabaseDescriptor.isCDCEnabled())
builder.add("cdc", params.cdc);
// As above, only add the memtable column if the table uses a non-default memtable configuration to avoid RTE
// in mixed operation with pre-4.1 versioned node during upgrades.
if (params.memtable != MemtableParams.DEFAULT)
builder.add("memtable", params.memtable.configurationKey());
// As above, only add the allow_auto_snapshot column if the value is not default (true) and
// auto-snapshotting is enabled, to avoid RTE in pre-4.2 versioned node during upgrades
if (!params.allowAutoSnapshot)
builder.add("allow_auto_snapshot", false);
// As above, only add the incremental_backups column if the value is not default (true) and
// incremental_backups is enabled, to avoid RTE in pre-4.2 versioned node during upgrades
if (!params.incrementalBackups)
builder.add("incremental_backups", false);
}
private static void addAlterTableToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata oldTable, TableMetadata newTable, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
addTableToSchemaMutation(newTable, false, builder);
MapDifference columnDiff = Maps.difference(oldTable.columns, newTable.columns);
// columns that are no longer needed
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDiff.entriesOnlyOnLeft().values())
dropColumnFromSchemaMutation(oldTable, column, builder);
// newly added columns
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDiff.entriesOnlyOnRight().values())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(newTable, column, builder);
// old columns with updated attributes
for (ByteBuffer name : columnDiff.entriesDiffering().keySet())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(newTable, newTable.getColumn(name), builder);
// dropped columns
MapDifference droppedColumnDiff =
Maps.difference(oldTable.droppedColumns, newTable.droppedColumns);
// newly dropped columns
for (DroppedColumn column : droppedColumnDiff.entriesOnlyOnRight().values())
addDroppedColumnToSchemaMutation(newTable, column, builder);
// columns added then dropped again
for (ByteBuffer name : droppedColumnDiff.entriesDiffering().keySet())
addDroppedColumnToSchemaMutation(newTable, newTable.droppedColumns.get(name), builder);
MapDifference triggerDiff = triggersDiff(oldTable.triggers, newTable.triggers);
// dropped triggers
for (TriggerMetadata trigger : triggerDiff.entriesOnlyOnLeft().values())
dropTriggerFromSchemaMutation(oldTable, trigger, builder);
// newly created triggers
for (TriggerMetadata trigger : triggerDiff.entriesOnlyOnRight().values())
addTriggerToSchemaMutation(newTable, trigger, builder);
MapDifference indexesDiff = indexesDiff(oldTable.indexes, newTable.indexes);
// dropped indexes
for (IndexMetadata index : indexesDiff.entriesOnlyOnLeft().values())
dropIndexFromSchemaMutation(oldTable, index, builder);
// newly created indexes
for (IndexMetadata index : indexesDiff.entriesOnlyOnRight().values())
addIndexToSchemaMutation(newTable, index, builder);
// updated indexes need to be updated
for (MapDifference.ValueDifference diff : indexesDiff.entriesDiffering().values())
addUpdatedIndexToSchemaMutation(newTable, diff.rightValue(), builder);
}
@VisibleForTesting
static Mutation.SimpleBuilder makeUpdateTableMutation(KeyspaceMetadata keyspace,
TableMetadata oldTable,
TableMetadata newTable,
long timestamp)
{
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder = makeCreateKeyspaceMutation(keyspace.name, keyspace.params, timestamp);
addAlterTableToSchemaMutation(oldTable, newTable, builder);
return builder;
}
private static MapDifference indexesDiff(Indexes before, Indexes after)
{
Map beforeMap = new HashMap<>();
before.forEach(i -> beforeMap.put(i.name, i));
Map afterMap = new HashMap<>();
after.forEach(i -> afterMap.put(i.name, i));
return Maps.difference(beforeMap, afterMap);
}
private static MapDifference triggersDiff(Triggers before, Triggers after)
{
Map beforeMap = new HashMap<>();
before.forEach(t -> beforeMap.put(t.name, t));
Map afterMap = new HashMap<>();
after.forEach(t -> afterMap.put(t.name, t));
return Maps.difference(beforeMap, afterMap);
}
private static void addDropTableToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Tables).row(table.name).delete();
for (ColumnMetadata column : table.columns())
dropColumnFromSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
for (TriggerMetadata trigger : table.triggers)
dropTriggerFromSchemaMutation(table, trigger, builder);
for (DroppedColumn column : table.droppedColumns.values())
dropDroppedColumnFromSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
for (IndexMetadata index : table.indexes)
dropIndexFromSchemaMutation(table, index, builder);
}
private static void addColumnToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, ColumnMetadata column, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
AbstractType type = column.type;
if (type instanceof ReversedType)
type = ((ReversedType) type).baseType;
builder.update(Columns)
.row(table.name, column.name.toString())
.add("column_name_bytes", column.name.bytes)
.add("kind", column.kind.toString().toLowerCase())
.add("position", column.position())
.add("clustering_order", column.clusteringOrder().toString().toLowerCase())
.add("type", type.asCQL3Type().toString());
ColumnMask mask = column.getMask();
if (SchemaConstants.isReplicatedSystemKeyspace(table.keyspace))
{
// The propagation of system distributed keyspaces at startup can be problematic for old nodes without DDM,
// since those won't know what to do with the mask mutations. Thus, we don't support DDM on those keyspaces.
assert mask == null : "Dynamic data masking shouldn't be used on system distributed keyspaces";
}
else
{
Row.SimpleBuilder maskBuilder = builder.update(ColumnMasks).row(table.name, column.name.toString());
if (mask == null)
{
maskBuilder.delete();
}
else
{
FunctionName maskFunctionName = mask.function.name();
// Some arguments of the masking function can be null, but the CQL's list type that stores them doesn't
// accept nulls, so we use a parallel list of booleans to store what arguments are null.
List> partialTypes = mask.partialArgumentTypes();
List partialValues = mask.partialArgumentValues();
int numArgs = partialTypes.size();
List types = new ArrayList<>(numArgs);
List values = new ArrayList<>(numArgs);
List nulls = new ArrayList<>(numArgs);
for (int i = 0; i < numArgs; i++)
{
AbstractType argType = partialTypes.get(i);
types.add(argType.asCQL3Type().toString());
ByteBuffer argValue = partialValues.get(i);
boolean isNull = argValue == null;
nulls.add(isNull);
values.add(isNull ? "" : argType.getString(argValue));
}
maskBuilder.add("function_keyspace", maskFunctionName.keyspace)
.add("function_name", maskFunctionName.name)
.add("function_argument_types", types)
.add("function_argument_values", values)
.add("function_argument_nulls", nulls);
}
}
}
private static void dropColumnFromSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, ColumnMetadata column, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
// Note: we do want to use name.toString(), not name.bytes directly for backward compatibility (For CQL3, this won't make a difference).
builder.update(Columns).row(table.name, column.name.toString()).delete();
}
private static void addDroppedColumnToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, DroppedColumn column, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(DroppedColumns)
.row(table.name, column.column.name.toString())
.add("dropped_time", new Date(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toMillis(column.droppedTime)))
.add("type", column.column.type.asCQL3Type().toString())
.add("kind", column.column.kind.toString().toLowerCase());
}
private static void dropDroppedColumnFromSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, DroppedColumn column, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(DroppedColumns).row(table.name, column.column.name.toString()).delete();
}
private static void addTriggerToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, TriggerMetadata trigger, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Triggers)
.row(table.name, trigger.name)
.add("options", Collections.singletonMap("class", trigger.classOption));
}
private static void dropTriggerFromSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, TriggerMetadata trigger, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Triggers).row(table.name, trigger.name).delete();
}
private static void addViewToSchemaMutation(ViewMetadata view, boolean includeColumns, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
TableMetadata table = view.metadata;
Row.SimpleBuilder rowBuilder = builder.update(Views)
.row(view.name())
.deletePrevious()
.add("include_all_columns", view.includeAllColumns)
.add("base_table_id", view.baseTableId.asUUID())
.add("base_table_name", view.baseTableName)
.add("where_clause", view.whereClause.toCQLString())
.add("id", table.id.asUUID());
addTableParamsToRowBuilder(table.params, rowBuilder);
if (includeColumns)
{
for (ColumnMetadata column : table.columns())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
for (DroppedColumn column : table.droppedColumns.values())
addDroppedColumnToSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
}
}
private static void addDropViewToSchemaMutation(ViewMetadata view, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Views).row(view.name()).delete();
TableMetadata table = view.metadata;
for (ColumnMetadata column : table.columns())
dropColumnFromSchemaMutation(table, column, builder);
}
private static void addAlterViewToSchemaMutation(ViewMetadata before, ViewMetadata after, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
addViewToSchemaMutation(after, false, builder);
MapDifference columnDiff = Maps.difference(before.metadata.columns, after.metadata.columns);
// columns that are no longer needed
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDiff.entriesOnlyOnLeft().values())
dropColumnFromSchemaMutation(before.metadata, column, builder);
// newly added columns
for (ColumnMetadata column : columnDiff.entriesOnlyOnRight().values())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(after.metadata, column, builder);
// old columns with updated attributes
for (ByteBuffer name : columnDiff.entriesDiffering().keySet())
addColumnToSchemaMutation(after.metadata, after.metadata.getColumn(name), builder);
}
private static void addIndexToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, IndexMetadata index, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Indexes)
.row(table.name, index.name)
.add("kind", index.kind.toString())
.add("options", index.options);
}
private static void dropIndexFromSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table, IndexMetadata index, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Indexes).row(table.name, index.name).delete();
}
private static void addUpdatedIndexToSchemaMutation(TableMetadata table,
IndexMetadata index,
Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
addIndexToSchemaMutation(table, index, builder);
}
private static void addFunctionToSchemaMutation(UDFunction function, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Functions)
.row(function.name().name, function.argumentsList())
.add("body", function.body())
.add("language", function.language())
.add("return_type", function.returnType().asCQL3Type().toString())
.add("called_on_null_input", function.isCalledOnNullInput())
.add("argument_names", function.argNames().stream().map((c) -> bbToString(c.bytes)).collect(toList()));
}
private static String bbToString(ByteBuffer bb)
{
try
{
return ByteBufferUtil.string(bb);
}
catch (CharacterCodingException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private static void addDropFunctionToSchemaMutation(UDFunction function, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Functions).row(function.name().name, function.argumentsList()).delete();
}
private static void addAggregateToSchemaMutation(UDAggregate aggregate, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Aggregates)
.row(aggregate.name().name, aggregate.argumentsList())
.add("return_type", aggregate.returnType().asCQL3Type().toString())
.add("state_func", aggregate.stateFunction().name().name)
.add("state_type", aggregate.stateType().asCQL3Type().toString())
.add("final_func", aggregate.finalFunction() != null ? aggregate.finalFunction().name().name : null)
.add("initcond", aggregate.initialCondition() != null
// must use the frozen state type here, as 'null' for unfrozen collections may mean 'empty'
? aggregate.stateType().freeze().asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(aggregate.initialCondition())
: null);
}
private static void addDropAggregateToSchemaMutation(UDAggregate aggregate, Mutation.SimpleBuilder builder)
{
builder.update(Aggregates).row(aggregate.name().name, aggregate.argumentsList()).delete();
}
/*
* Fetching schema
*/
public static Keyspaces fetchNonSystemKeyspaces()
{
return fetchKeyspacesWithout(SchemaConstants.LOCAL_SYSTEM_KEYSPACE_NAMES);
}
private static Keyspaces fetchKeyspacesWithout(Set excludedKeyspaceNames)
{
String query = format("SELECT keyspace_name FROM %s.%s", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, KEYSPACES);
Keyspaces.Builder keyspaces = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Keyspaces.builder();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query))
{
String keyspaceName = row.getString("keyspace_name");
if (!excludedKeyspaceNames.contains(keyspaceName))
keyspaces.add(fetchKeyspace(keyspaceName));
}
return keyspaces.build();
}
private static KeyspaceMetadata fetchKeyspace(String keyspaceName)
{
KeyspaceParams params = fetchKeyspaceParams(keyspaceName);
Types types = fetchTypes(keyspaceName);
UserFunctions functions = fetchFunctions(keyspaceName, types);
Tables tables = fetchTables(keyspaceName, types, functions);
Views views = fetchViews(keyspaceName, types, functions);
return KeyspaceMetadata.create(keyspaceName, params, tables, views, types, functions);
}
private static KeyspaceParams fetchKeyspaceParams(String keyspaceName)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, KEYSPACES);
UntypedResultSet.Row row = query(query, keyspaceName).one();
boolean durableWrites = row.getBoolean(KeyspaceParams.Option.DURABLE_WRITES.toString());
Map replication = row.getFrozenTextMap(KeyspaceParams.Option.REPLICATION.toString());
return KeyspaceParams.create(durableWrites, replication);
}
private static Types fetchTypes(String keyspaceName)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, TYPES);
Types.RawBuilder types = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Types.rawBuilder(keyspaceName);
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, keyspaceName))
{
String name = row.getString("type_name");
List fieldNames = row.getFrozenList("field_names", UTF8Type.instance);
List fieldTypes = row.getFrozenList("field_types", UTF8Type.instance);
types.add(name, fieldNames, fieldTypes);
}
return types.build();
}
private static Tables fetchTables(String keyspaceName, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String query = format("SELECT table_name FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, TABLES);
Tables.Builder tables = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Tables.builder();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, keyspaceName))
{
String tableName = row.getString("table_name");
try
{
tables.add(fetchTable(keyspaceName, tableName, types, functions));
}
catch (MissingColumns exc)
{
String errorMsg = String.format("No partition columns found for table %s.%s in %s.%s. This may be due to " +
"corruption or concurrent dropping and altering of a table. If this table is supposed " +
"to be dropped, {}run the following query to cleanup: " +
"\"DELETE FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = '%s' AND table_name = '%s'; " +
"DELETE FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = '%s' AND table_name = '%s';\" " +
"If the table is not supposed to be dropped, restore %s.%s sstables from backups.",
keyspaceName, tableName, SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, COLUMNS,
SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, TABLES, keyspaceName, tableName,
SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, COLUMNS, keyspaceName, tableName,
SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, COLUMNS);
if (IGNORE_CORRUPTED_SCHEMA_TABLES_PROPERTY_VALUE)
{
logger.error(errorMsg, "", exc);
}
else
{
logger.error(errorMsg, "restart cassandra with -D{}=true and ", IGNORE_CORRUPTED_SCHEMA_TABLES.getKey());
throw exc;
}
}
}
return tables.build();
}
private static TableMetadata fetchTable(String keyspaceName, String tableName, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String query = String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, TABLES);
UntypedResultSet rows = query(query, keyspaceName, tableName);
if (rows.isEmpty())
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("%s:%s not found in the schema definitions keyspace.", keyspaceName, tableName));
UntypedResultSet.Row row = rows.one();
Set flags = TableMetadata.Flag.fromStringSet(row.getFrozenSet("flags", UTF8Type.instance));
return TableMetadata.builder(keyspaceName, tableName, TableId.fromUUID(row.getUUID("id")))
.flags(flags)
.params(createTableParamsFromRow(row))
.addColumns(fetchColumns(keyspaceName, tableName, types, functions))
.droppedColumns(fetchDroppedColumns(keyspaceName, tableName))
.indexes(fetchIndexes(keyspaceName, tableName))
.triggers(fetchTriggers(keyspaceName, tableName))
.build();
}
@VisibleForTesting
static TableParams createTableParamsFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row)
{
TableParams.Builder builder = TableParams.builder()
.bloomFilterFpChance(row.getDouble("bloom_filter_fp_chance"))
.caching(CachingParams.fromMap(row.getFrozenTextMap("caching")))
.comment(row.getString("comment"))
.compaction(CompactionParams.fromMap(row.getFrozenTextMap("compaction")))
.compression(CompressionParams.fromMap(row.getFrozenTextMap("compression")))
.memtable(MemtableParams.getWithFallback(row.has("memtable")
? row.getString("memtable")
: null)) // memtable column was introduced in 4.1
.defaultTimeToLive(row.getInt("default_time_to_live"))
.extensions(row.getFrozenMap("extensions", UTF8Type.instance, BytesType.instance))
.gcGraceSeconds(row.getInt("gc_grace_seconds"))
.maxIndexInterval(row.getInt("max_index_interval"))
.memtableFlushPeriodInMs(row.getInt("memtable_flush_period_in_ms"))
.minIndexInterval(row.getInt("min_index_interval"))
.crcCheckChance(row.getDouble("crc_check_chance"))
.speculativeRetry(SpeculativeRetryPolicy.fromString(row.getString("speculative_retry")))
.additionalWritePolicy(row.has("additional_write_policy") ?
SpeculativeRetryPolicy.fromString(row.getString("additional_write_policy")) :
SpeculativeRetryPolicy.fromString("99PERCENTILE"))
.cdc(row.has("cdc") && row.getBoolean("cdc"))
.readRepair(getReadRepairStrategy(row));
// allow_auto_snapshot column was introduced in 4.2
if (row.has("allow_auto_snapshot"))
builder.allowAutoSnapshot(row.getBoolean("allow_auto_snapshot"));
// incremental_backups column was introduced in 4.2
if (row.has("incremental_backups"))
builder.incrementalBackups(row.getBoolean("incremental_backups"));
return builder.build();
}
private static List fetchColumns(String keyspace, String table, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, COLUMNS);
UntypedResultSet columnRows = query(query, keyspace, table);
if (columnRows.isEmpty())
throw new MissingColumns("Columns not found in schema table for " + keyspace + '.' + table);
List columns = new ArrayList<>();
columnRows.forEach(row -> columns.add(createColumnFromRow(row, types, functions)));
if (columns.stream().noneMatch(ColumnMetadata::isPartitionKey))
throw new MissingColumns("No partition key columns found in schema table for " + keyspace + "." + table);
return columns;
}
@VisibleForTesting
public static ColumnMetadata createColumnFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String keyspace = row.getString("keyspace_name");
String table = row.getString("table_name");
ColumnMetadata.Kind kind = ColumnMetadata.Kind.valueOf(row.getString("kind").toUpperCase());
int position = row.getInt("position");
ClusteringOrder order = ClusteringOrder.valueOf(row.getString("clustering_order").toUpperCase());
AbstractType type = CQLTypeParser.parse(keyspace, row.getString("type"), types);
if (order == ClusteringOrder.DESC)
type = ReversedType.getInstance(type);
ColumnIdentifier name = new ColumnIdentifier(row.getBytes("column_name_bytes"), row.getString("column_name"));
ColumnMask mask = null;
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ? AND column_name = ?",
SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, COLUMN_MASKS);
UntypedResultSet columnMasks = query(query, keyspace, table, name.toString());
if (!columnMasks.isEmpty())
{
UntypedResultSet.Row maskRow = columnMasks.one();
FunctionName functionName = new FunctionName(maskRow.getString("function_keyspace"), maskRow.getString("function_name"));
List partialArgumentTypes = maskRow.getFrozenList("function_argument_types", UTF8Type.instance);
List> argumentTypes = new ArrayList<>(1 + partialArgumentTypes.size());
argumentTypes.add(type);
for (String argumentType : partialArgumentTypes)
{
argumentTypes.add(CQLTypeParser.parse(keyspace, argumentType, types));
}
Function function = FunctionResolver.get(keyspace, functionName, argumentTypes, null, null, null, functions);
if (function == null)
{
throw new AssertionError(format("Unable to find masking function %s(%s) for column %s.%s.%s",
functionName, argumentTypes, keyspace, table, name));
}
else if (!(function instanceof ScalarFunction))
{
throw new AssertionError(format("Column %s.%s.%s is unexpectedly masked with function %s " +
"which is not a scalar masking function",
keyspace, table, name, function));
}
// Some arguments of the masking function can be null, but the CQL's list type that stores them doesn't
// accept nulls, so we use a parallel list of booleans to store what arguments are null.
List nulls = maskRow.getFrozenList("function_argument_nulls", BooleanType.instance);
List valuesAsCQL = maskRow.getFrozenList("function_argument_values", UTF8Type.instance);
ByteBuffer[] values = new ByteBuffer[valuesAsCQL.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < valuesAsCQL.size(); i++)
{
if (nulls.get(i))
values[i] = null;
else
values[i] = argumentTypes.get(i + 1).fromString(valuesAsCQL.get(i));
}
mask = new ColumnMask((ScalarFunction) function, values);
}
return new ColumnMetadata(keyspace, table, name, type, position, kind, mask);
}
private static Map fetchDroppedColumns(String keyspace, String table)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, DROPPED_COLUMNS);
Map columns = new HashMap<>();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, keyspace, table))
{
DroppedColumn column = createDroppedColumnFromRow(row);
columns.put(column.column.name.bytes, column);
}
return columns;
}
private static DroppedColumn createDroppedColumnFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row)
{
String keyspace = row.getString("keyspace_name");
String table = row.getString("table_name");
String name = row.getString("column_name");
/*
* we never store actual UDT names in dropped column types (so that we can safely drop types if nothing refers to
* them anymore), so before storing dropped columns in schema we expand UDTs to tuples. See expandUserTypes method.
* Because of that, we can safely pass Types.none() to parse()
*/
AbstractType type = CQLTypeParser.parse(keyspace, row.getString("type"), org.apache.cassandra.schema.Types.none());
ColumnMetadata.Kind kind = row.has("kind")
? ColumnMetadata.Kind.valueOf(row.getString("kind").toUpperCase())
: ColumnMetadata.Kind.REGULAR;
assert kind == ColumnMetadata.Kind.REGULAR || kind == ColumnMetadata.Kind.STATIC
: "Unexpected dropped column kind: " + kind;
ColumnMetadata column = new ColumnMetadata(keyspace, table, ColumnIdentifier.getInterned(name, true), type, ColumnMetadata.NO_POSITION, kind, null);
long droppedTime = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMicros(row.getLong("dropped_time"));
return new DroppedColumn(column, droppedTime);
}
private static Indexes fetchIndexes(String keyspace, String table)
{
String query = String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, INDEXES);
Indexes.Builder indexes = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Indexes.builder();
query(query, keyspace, table).forEach(row -> indexes.add(createIndexMetadataFromRow(row)));
return indexes.build();
}
private static IndexMetadata createIndexMetadataFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row)
{
String name = row.getString("index_name");
IndexMetadata.Kind type = IndexMetadata.Kind.valueOf(row.getString("kind"));
Map options = row.getFrozenTextMap("options");
return IndexMetadata.fromSchemaMetadata(name, type, options);
}
private static Triggers fetchTriggers(String keyspace, String table)
{
String query = String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND table_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, TRIGGERS);
Triggers.Builder triggers = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Triggers.builder();
query(query, keyspace, table).forEach(row -> triggers.add(createTriggerFromRow(row)));
return triggers.build();
}
private static TriggerMetadata createTriggerFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row)
{
String name = row.getString("trigger_name");
String classOption = row.getFrozenTextMap("options").get("class");
return new TriggerMetadata(name, classOption);
}
private static Views fetchViews(String keyspaceName, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String query = format("SELECT view_name FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, VIEWS);
Views.Builder views = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Views.builder();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, keyspaceName))
views.put(fetchView(keyspaceName, row.getString("view_name"), types, functions));
return views.build();
}
private static ViewMetadata fetchView(String keyspaceName, String viewName, Types types, UserFunctions functions)
{
String query = String.format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ? AND view_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, VIEWS);
UntypedResultSet rows = query(query, keyspaceName, viewName);
if (rows.isEmpty())
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("%s:%s not found in the schema definitions keyspace.", keyspaceName, viewName));
UntypedResultSet.Row row = rows.one();
TableId baseTableId = TableId.fromUUID(row.getUUID("base_table_id"));
String baseTableName = row.getString("base_table_name");
boolean includeAll = row.getBoolean("include_all_columns");
String whereClauseString = row.getString("where_clause");
List columns = fetchColumns(keyspaceName, viewName, types, functions);
TableMetadata metadata =
TableMetadata.builder(keyspaceName, viewName, TableId.fromUUID(row.getUUID("id")))
.kind(TableMetadata.Kind.VIEW)
.addColumns(columns)
.droppedColumns(fetchDroppedColumns(keyspaceName, viewName))
.params(createTableParamsFromRow(row))
.build();
WhereClause whereClause;
try
{
whereClause = WhereClause.parse(whereClauseString);
}
catch (RecognitionException e)
{
throw new RuntimeException(format("Unexpected error while parsing materialized view's where clause for '%s' (got %s)", viewName, whereClauseString));
}
return new ViewMetadata(baseTableId, baseTableName, includeAll, whereClause, metadata);
}
private static UserFunctions fetchFunctions(String keyspaceName, Types types)
{
Collection udfs = fetchUDFs(keyspaceName, types);
Collection udas = fetchUDAs(keyspaceName, udfs, types);
return UserFunctions.builder().add(udfs).add(udas).build();
}
private static Collection fetchUDFs(String keyspaceName, Types types)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, FUNCTIONS);
Collection functions = new ArrayList<>();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, keyspaceName))
functions.add(createUDFFromRow(row, types));
return functions;
}
private static UDFunction createUDFFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row, Types types)
{
String ksName = row.getString("keyspace_name");
String functionName = row.getString("function_name");
FunctionName name = new FunctionName(ksName, functionName);
List argNames = new ArrayList<>();
for (String arg : row.getFrozenList("argument_names", UTF8Type.instance))
argNames.add(new ColumnIdentifier(arg, true));
List> argTypes = new ArrayList<>();
for (String type : row.getFrozenList("argument_types", UTF8Type.instance))
argTypes.add(CQLTypeParser.parse(ksName, type, types).udfType());
AbstractType returnType = CQLTypeParser.parse(ksName, row.getString("return_type"), types).udfType();
String language = row.getString("language");
String body = row.getString("body");
boolean calledOnNullInput = row.getBoolean("called_on_null_input");
/*
* TODO: find a way to get rid of Schema.instance dependency; evaluate if the opimisation below makes a difference
* in the first place. Remove if it isn't.
*/
UserFunction existing = Schema.instance.findUserFunction(name, argTypes).orElse(null);
if (existing instanceof UDFunction)
{
// This check prevents duplicate compilation of effectively the same UDF.
// Duplicate compilation attempts can occur on the coordinator node handling the CREATE FUNCTION
// statement, since CreateFunctionStatement needs to execute UDFunction.create but schema migration
// also needs that (since it needs to handle its own change).
UDFunction udf = (UDFunction) existing;
if (udf.argNames().equals(argNames) &&
udf.argTypes().equals(argTypes) &&
udf.returnType().equals(returnType) &&
!udf.isAggregate() &&
udf.language().equals(language) &&
udf.body().equals(body) &&
udf.isCalledOnNullInput() == calledOnNullInput)
{
logger.trace("Skipping duplicate compilation of already existing UDF {}", name);
return udf;
}
}
try
{
return UDFunction.create(name, argNames, argTypes, returnType, calledOnNullInput, language, body);
}
catch (InvalidRequestException e)
{
logger.error(String.format("Cannot load function '%s' from schema: this function won't be available (on this node)", name), e);
return UDFunction.createBrokenFunction(name, argNames, argTypes, returnType, calledOnNullInput, language, body, e);
}
}
private static Collection fetchUDAs(String keyspaceName, Collection udfs, Types types)
{
String query = format("SELECT * FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, AGGREGATES);
Collection aggregates = new ArrayList<>();
query(query, keyspaceName).forEach(row -> aggregates.add(createUDAFromRow(row, udfs, types)));
return aggregates;
}
private static UDAggregate createUDAFromRow(UntypedResultSet.Row row, Collection functions, Types types)
{
String ksName = row.getString("keyspace_name");
String functionName = row.getString("aggregate_name");
FunctionName name = new FunctionName(ksName, functionName);
List> argTypes =
row.getFrozenList("argument_types", UTF8Type.instance)
.stream()
.map(t -> CQLTypeParser.parse(ksName, t, types).udfType())
.collect(toList());
AbstractType returnType = CQLTypeParser.parse(ksName, row.getString("return_type"), types).udfType();
FunctionName stateFunc = new FunctionName(ksName, (row.getString("state_func")));
FunctionName finalFunc = row.has("final_func") ? new FunctionName(ksName, row.getString("final_func")) : null;
AbstractType stateType = row.has("state_type") ? CQLTypeParser.parse(ksName, row.getString("state_type"), types) : null;
ByteBuffer initcond = row.has("initcond") ? Terms.asBytes(ksName, row.getString("initcond"), stateType) : null;
return UDAggregate.create(functions, name, argTypes, returnType, stateFunc, finalFunc, stateType, initcond);
}
private static UntypedResultSet query(String query, Object... variables)
{
return executeInternal(query, variables);
}
/*
* Merging schema
*/
/**
* Computes the set of names of keyspaces affected by the provided schema mutations.
*/
static Set affectedKeyspaces(Collection mutations)
{
// only compare the keyspaces affected by this set of schema mutations
return mutations.stream()
.map(m -> UTF8Type.instance.compose(m.key().getKey()))
.collect(toSet());
}
static void applyChanges(Collection mutations)
{
mutations.forEach(Mutation::apply);
if (SchemaKeyspace.FLUSH_SCHEMA_TABLES)
SchemaKeyspace.flush();
}
static Keyspaces fetchKeyspaces(Set toFetch)
{
/*
* We know the keyspace names we are going to query, but we still want to run the SELECT IN
* query, to filter out the keyspaces that had been dropped by the applied mutation set.
*/
String query = format("SELECT keyspace_name FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name IN ?", SchemaConstants.SCHEMA_KEYSPACE_NAME, KEYSPACES);
Keyspaces.Builder keyspaces = org.apache.cassandra.schema.Keyspaces.builder();
for (UntypedResultSet.Row row : query(query, new ArrayList<>(toFetch)))
keyspaces.add(fetchKeyspace(row.getString("keyspace_name")));
return keyspaces.build();
}
@VisibleForTesting
static class MissingColumns extends RuntimeException
{
MissingColumns(String message)
{
super(message);
}
}
private static ReadRepairStrategy getReadRepairStrategy(UntypedResultSet.Row row)
{
return row.has("read_repair")
? ReadRepairStrategy.fromString(row.getString("read_repair"))
: ReadRepairStrategy.BLOCKING;
}
}
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