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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.tools;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import com.google.common.collect.MinMaxPriorityQueue;
import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.ClusteringComparator;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.DecoratedKey;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.SerializationHeader;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UTF8Type;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.EncodingStats;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Row;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Unfiltered;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.UnfilteredRowIterator;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.IPartitioner;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.CompressionMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.ICompressor;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.Descriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.ISSTableScanner;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.CompressionInfoComponent;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.SSTableReader;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.StatsComponent;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.metadata.CompactionMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.metadata.StatsMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.metadata.ValidationMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.File;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadataRef;
import org.apache.cassandra.tools.Util.TermHistogram;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Pair;
import static org.apache.cassandra.tools.Util.BLUE;
import static org.apache.cassandra.tools.Util.CYAN;
import static org.apache.cassandra.tools.Util.RESET;
import static org.apache.cassandra.tools.Util.WHITE;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.Clock.Global.currentTimeMillis;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DurationFormatUtils.formatDurationWords;
/**
* Shows the contents of sstable metadata
*/
public class SSTableMetadataViewer
{
private static final Options options = new Options();
private static CommandLine cmd;
private static final String COLORS = "c";
private static final String UNICODE = "u";
private static final String GCGS_KEY = "g";
private static final String TIMESTAMP_UNIT = "t";
private static final String SCAN = "s";
private static final String HELP = "h";
private static final Comparator VCOMP = Comparator.comparingLong(ValuedByteBuffer::getValue).reversed();
static
{
DatabaseDescriptor.toolInitialization();
}
boolean color;
boolean unicode;
int gc;
PrintStream out;
String[] files;
TimeUnit tsUnit;
public SSTableMetadataViewer()
{
this(true, true, 0, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS, System.out);
}
public SSTableMetadataViewer(boolean color, boolean unicode, int gc, TimeUnit tsUnit, PrintStream out)
{
this.color = color;
this.tsUnit = tsUnit;
this.unicode = unicode;
this.out = out;
this.gc = gc;
}
public static String deletion(long time)
{
if (time == 0 || time == Long.MAX_VALUE)
{
return "no tombstones";
}
return toDateString(time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
public static String toDateString(long time, TimeUnit unit)
{
if (time == 0)
{
return null;
}
return new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss").format(new java.util.Date(unit.toMillis(time)));
}
public static String toDurationString(long duration, TimeUnit unit)
{
if (duration == 0)
{
return null;
}
else if (duration == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
{
return "never";
}
return formatDurationWords(unit.toMillis(duration), true, true);
}
public static String toByteString(long bytes)
{
if (bytes == 0)
return null;
else if (bytes < 1024)
return bytes + " B";
int exp = (int) (Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(1024));
char pre = "kMGTP".charAt(exp - 1);
return String.format("%.1f %sB", bytes / Math.pow(1024, exp), pre);
}
public String scannedOverviewOutput(String key, long value)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (color) sb.append(CYAN);
sb.append('[');
if (color) sb.append(RESET);
sb.append(key);
if (color) sb.append(CYAN);
sb.append("] ");
if (color) sb.append(RESET);
sb.append(value);
return sb.toString();
}
private void printScannedOverview(Descriptor descriptor, StatsMetadata stats) throws IOException
{
TableMetadata cfm = Util.metadataFromSSTable(descriptor);
SSTableReader reader = SSTableReader.openNoValidation(null, descriptor, TableMetadataRef.forOfflineTools(cfm));
try (ISSTableScanner scanner = reader.getScanner())
{
long bytes = scanner.getLengthInBytes();
MinMaxPriorityQueue widestPartitions = MinMaxPriorityQueue
.orderedBy(VCOMP)
.maximumSize(5)
.create();
MinMaxPriorityQueue largestPartitions = MinMaxPriorityQueue
.orderedBy(VCOMP)
.maximumSize(5)
.create();
MinMaxPriorityQueue mostTombstones = MinMaxPriorityQueue
.orderedBy(VCOMP)
.maximumSize(5)
.create();
long partitionCount = 0;
long rowCount = 0;
long tombstoneCount = 0;
long cellCount = 0;
double totalCells = stats.totalColumnsSet;
int lastPercent = 0;
long lastPercentTime = 0;
while (scanner.hasNext())
{
try (UnfilteredRowIterator partition = scanner.next())
{
long psize = 0;
long pcount = 0;
int ptombcount = 0;
partitionCount++;
if (!partition.staticRow().isEmpty())
{
rowCount++;
pcount++;
psize += partition.staticRow().dataSize();
}
if (!partition.partitionLevelDeletion().isLive())
{
tombstoneCount++;
ptombcount++;
}
while (partition.hasNext())
{
Unfiltered unfiltered = partition.next();
switch (unfiltered.kind())
{
case ROW:
rowCount++;
Row row = (Row) unfiltered;
psize += row.dataSize();
pcount++;
for (org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Cell cell : row.cells())
{
cellCount++;
double percentComplete = Math.min(1.0, cellCount / totalCells);
if (lastPercent != (int) (percentComplete * 100) &&
(currentTimeMillis() - lastPercentTime) > 1000)
{
lastPercentTime = currentTimeMillis();
lastPercent = (int) (percentComplete * 100);
if (color)
out.printf("\r%sAnalyzing SSTable... %s%s %s(%%%s)", BLUE, CYAN,
Util.progress(percentComplete, 30, unicode),
RESET,
(int) (percentComplete * 100));
else
out.printf("\rAnalyzing SSTable... %s (%%%s)",
Util.progress(percentComplete, 30, unicode),
(int) (percentComplete * 100));
out.flush();
}
if (cell.isTombstone())
{
tombstoneCount++;
ptombcount++;
}
}
break;
case RANGE_TOMBSTONE_MARKER:
tombstoneCount++;
ptombcount++;
break;
}
}
widestPartitions.add(new ValuedByteBuffer(partition.partitionKey().getKey(), pcount));
largestPartitions.add(new ValuedByteBuffer(partition.partitionKey().getKey(), psize));
mostTombstones.add(new ValuedByteBuffer(partition.partitionKey().getKey(), ptombcount));
}
}
out.printf("\r%80s\r", " ");
field("Size", bytes);
field("Partitions", partitionCount);
field("Rows", rowCount);
field("Tombstones", tombstoneCount);
field("Cells", cellCount);
field("Widest Partitions", "");
Util.iterToStream(widestPartitions.iterator()).sorted(VCOMP).forEach(p ->
{
out.println(" " + scannedOverviewOutput(cfm.partitionKeyType.getString(p.buffer), p.value));
});
field("Largest Partitions", "");
Util.iterToStream(largestPartitions.iterator()).sorted(VCOMP).forEach(p ->
{
out.print(" ");
out.print(scannedOverviewOutput(cfm.partitionKeyType.getString(p.buffer), p.value));
if (color)
out.print(WHITE);
out.print(" (");
out.print(toByteString(p.value));
out.print(")");
if (color)
out.print(RESET);
out.println();
});
StringBuilder tleaders = new StringBuilder();
Util.iterToStream(mostTombstones.iterator()).sorted(VCOMP).forEach(p ->
{
if (p.value > 0)
{
tleaders.append(" ");
tleaders.append(scannedOverviewOutput(cfm.partitionKeyType.getString(p.buffer), p.value));
tleaders.append(System.lineSeparator());
}
});
String tombstoneLeaders = tleaders.toString();
if (tombstoneLeaders.length() > 10)
{
field("Tombstone Leaders", "");
out.print(tombstoneLeaders);
}
}
finally
{
reader.selfRef().ensureReleased();
}
}
private void printSStableMetadata(File file, boolean scan) throws IOException
{
Descriptor descriptor = Descriptor.fromFileWithComponent(file, false).left;
StatsComponent statsComponent = StatsComponent.load(descriptor);
ValidationMetadata validation = statsComponent.validationMetadata();
StatsMetadata stats = statsComponent.statsMetadata();
CompactionMetadata compaction = statsComponent.compactionMetadata();
SerializationHeader.Component header = statsComponent.serializationHeader();
Class compressorClass = null;
try (CompressionMetadata compression = CompressionInfoComponent.loadIfExists(descriptor))
{
compressorClass = compression != null ? compression.compressor().getClass() : null;
}
field("SSTable", descriptor);
if (scan && descriptor.version.version.compareTo("ma") >= 0)
{
printScannedOverview(descriptor, stats);
}
if (validation != null)
{
field("Partitioner", validation.partitioner);
field("Bloom Filter FP chance", validation.bloomFilterFPChance);
}
if (stats != null)
{
TimeUnit tsUnit = TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS;
field("Minimum timestamp", toDateString(stats.minTimestamp, tsUnit), Long.toString(stats.minTimestamp));
field("Maximum timestamp", toDateString(stats.maxTimestamp, tsUnit), Long.toString(stats.maxTimestamp));
field("Duration", durationString(stats.maxTimestamp - stats.minTimestamp));
field("SSTable min local deletion time", deletion(stats.minLocalDeletionTime), Long.toString(stats.minLocalDeletionTime));
field("SSTable max local deletion time", deletion(stats.maxLocalDeletionTime), Long.toString(stats.maxLocalDeletionTime));
field("Compressor", compressorClass != null ? compressorClass.getName() : "-");
if (compressorClass != null)
field("Compression ratio", stats.compressionRatio);
field("TTL min", stats.minTTL, toDurationString(stats.minTTL, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
field("TTL max", stats.maxTTL, toDurationString(stats.maxTTL, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
if (validation != null && header != null)
printMinMaxToken(descriptor, FBUtilities.newPartitioner(descriptor), header.getKeyType(), stats);
if (header != null)
{
ClusteringComparator comparator = new ClusteringComparator(header.getClusteringTypes());
field("Covered clusterings", stats.coveredClustering.toString(comparator));
}
field("Estimated droppable tombstones",
stats.getEstimatedDroppableTombstoneRatio((int) (currentTimeMillis() / 1000) - this.gc));
field("SSTable Level", stats.sstableLevel);
field("Repaired at", stats.repairedAt, toDateString(stats.repairedAt, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
field("Originating host id", stats.originatingHostId);
field("Pending repair", stats.pendingRepair);
field("Replay positions covered", stats.commitLogIntervals);
field("totalColumnsSet", stats.totalColumnsSet);
field("totalRows", stats.totalRows);
field("Estimated tombstone drop times", "");
TermHistogram estDropped = new TermHistogram(stats.estimatedTombstoneDropTime,
"Drop Time",
offset -> String.format("%d %s",
offset,
Util.wrapQuiet(toDateString(offset, TimeUnit.SECONDS),
color)),
String::valueOf);
estDropped.printHistogram(out, color, unicode);
field("Partition Size", "");
TermHistogram rowSize = new TermHistogram(stats.estimatedPartitionSize,
"Size (bytes)",
offset -> String.format("%d %s",
offset,
Util.wrapQuiet(toByteString(offset), color)),
String::valueOf);
rowSize.printHistogram(out, color, unicode);
field("Column Count", "");
TermHistogram cellCount = new TermHistogram(stats.estimatedCellPerPartitionCount,
"Columns",
String::valueOf,
String::valueOf);
cellCount.printHistogram(out, color, unicode);
field("Local token space coverage", stats.tokenSpaceCoverage);
}
if (compaction != null)
{
field("Estimated cardinality", compaction.cardinalityEstimator.cardinality());
}
if (header != null)
{
EncodingStats encodingStats = header.getEncodingStats();
AbstractType keyType = header.getKeyType();
List> clusteringTypes = header.getClusteringTypes();
Map> staticColumns = header.getStaticColumns();
Map statics = staticColumns.entrySet().stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> UTF8Type.instance.getString(e.getKey()),
e -> e.getValue().toString()));
Map> regularColumns = header.getRegularColumns();
Map regulars = regularColumns.entrySet().stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> UTF8Type.instance.getString(e.getKey()),
e -> e.getValue().toString()));
field("EncodingStats minTTL", encodingStats.minTTL,
toDurationString(encodingStats.minTTL, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
field("EncodingStats minLocalDeletionTime", toDateString(encodingStats.minLocalDeletionTime,
TimeUnit.SECONDS), Long.toString(encodingStats.minLocalDeletionTime));
field("EncodingStats minTimestamp", toDateString(encodingStats.minTimestamp, tsUnit),
Long.toString(encodingStats.minTimestamp));
field("KeyType", keyType.toString());
field("ClusteringTypes", clusteringTypes.toString());
field("StaticColumns", FBUtilities.toString(statics));
field("RegularColumns", FBUtilities.toString(regulars));
if (stats != null)
field("IsTransient", stats.isTransient);
}
}
private void field(String field, Object value)
{
field(field, value, null);
}
private void field(String field, Object value, String comment)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
if (color) sb.append(BLUE);
sb.append(field);
if (color) sb.append(CYAN);
sb.append(": ");
if (color) sb.append(RESET);
sb.append(value == null? "--" : value.toString());
if (comment != null)
{
if (color) sb.append(WHITE);
sb.append(" (");
sb.append(comment);
sb.append(')');
if (color) sb.append(RESET);
}
this.out.println(sb);
}
public static String durationString(Long value)
{
long seconds = TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toSeconds(value);
long day = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toDays(seconds);
long hours = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toHours(seconds) - (day * 24);
long minute = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMinutes(seconds) - (TimeUnit.SECONDS.toHours(seconds) * 60);
long second = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toSeconds(seconds) - (TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMinutes(seconds) * 60);
return "Days: " + day + " Hours: " + hours + " Minutes: " + minute + " Seconds: " + second;
}
private static void printUsage()
{
try (PrintWriter errWriter = new PrintWriter(System.err, true))
{
HelpFormatter formatter = new HelpFormatter();
formatter.printHelp(errWriter, 120, "sstablemetadata ",
String.format("%nDump information about SSTable[s] for Apache Cassandra 3.x%nOptions:"),
options, 2, 1, "", true);
errWriter.println();
}
}
private void printMinMaxToken(Descriptor descriptor, IPartitioner partitioner, AbstractType keyType, StatsMetadata statsMetadata)
throws IOException
{
if (descriptor.version.hasKeyRange())
{
if (statsMetadata.firstKey == null || statsMetadata.lastKey == null)
return;
field("First token", partitioner.getToken(statsMetadata.firstKey), keyType.getString(statsMetadata.firstKey));
field("Last token", partitioner.getToken(statsMetadata.lastKey), keyType.getString(statsMetadata.lastKey));
}
else
{
Pair firstLast = descriptor.getFormat().getReaderFactory().readKeyRange(descriptor, partitioner);
if (firstLast == null)
return;
field("First token", firstLast.left.getToken(), keyType.getString(firstLast.left.getKey()));
field("Last token", firstLast.right.getToken(), keyType.getString(firstLast.right.getKey()));
}
}
/**
* @param args
* a list of sstables whose metadata we're interested in
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser();
Option disableColors = new Option(COLORS, "colors", false, "Use ANSI color sequences");
disableColors.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(disableColors);
Option unicode = new Option(UNICODE, "unicode", false, "Use unicode to draw histograms and progress bars");
unicode.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(unicode);
Option gcgs = new Option(GCGS_KEY, "gc_grace_seconds", true, "Time to use when calculating droppable tombstones");
gcgs.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(gcgs);
Option tsUnit = new Option(TIMESTAMP_UNIT, "timestamp_unit", true, "Time unit that cell timestamps are written with");
tsUnit.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(tsUnit);
Option help = new Option(HELP, "help", false, "Help");
help.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(help);
Option scanEnabled = new Option(SCAN, "scan", false,
"Full sstable scan for additional details. Only available in 3.0+ sstables. Defaults: false");
scanEnabled.setOptionalArg(true);
options.addOption(scanEnabled);
try
{
cmd = parser.parse(options, args);
}
catch (ParseException e1)
{
System.err.println(e1.getMessage());
printUsage();
System.exit(1);
}
if (cmd.getArgs().length < 1)
{
System.err.println("You must supply at least one sstable");
printUsage();
System.exit(1);
}
boolean enabledColors = cmd.hasOption(COLORS);
boolean enabledUnicode = cmd.hasOption(UNICODE);
boolean fullScan = cmd.hasOption(SCAN);
int gc = Integer.parseInt(cmd.getOptionValue(GCGS_KEY, "0"));
TimeUnit ts = TimeUnit.valueOf(cmd.getOptionValue(TIMESTAMP_UNIT, "MICROSECONDS"));
SSTableMetadataViewer metawriter = new SSTableMetadataViewer(enabledColors, enabledUnicode, gc, ts, System.out);
for (String fname : cmd.getArgs())
{
File sstable = new File(fname);
if (sstable.exists())
{
metawriter.printSStableMetadata(sstable, fullScan);
}
else
{
System.out.println("No such file: " + fname);
}
}
}
private static class ValuedByteBuffer
{
public long value;
public ByteBuffer buffer;
public ValuedByteBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer, long value)
{
this.value = value;
this.buffer = buffer;
}
public long getValue()
{
return value;
}
}
}
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