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The Apache Cassandra Project develops a highly scalable second-generation distributed database, bringing together Dynamo's fully distributed design and Bigtable's ColumnFamily-based data model.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.transport;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameEncoder;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameEncoderCrc;
import org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameEncoderLZ4;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.Message.Response;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.memory.BufferPool;
import static org.apache.cassandra.transport.CQLMessageHandler.envelopeSize;
abstract class Flusher implements Runnable
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Flusher.class);
@VisibleForTesting
public static final int MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE =
Math.min(BufferPool.NORMAL_CHUNK_SIZE,
FrameEncoder.Payload.MAX_SIZE - Math.max(FrameEncoderCrc.HEADER_AND_TRAILER_LENGTH, FrameEncoderLZ4.HEADER_AND_TRAILER_LENGTH));
static class FlushItem
{
enum Kind {FRAMED, UNFRAMED}
final Kind kind;
final Channel channel;
final T response;
final Envelope request;
final Consumer> tidy;
FlushItem(Kind kind, Channel channel, T response, Envelope request, Consumer> tidy)
{
this.kind = kind;
this.channel = channel;
this.request = request;
this.response = response;
this.tidy = tidy;
}
void release()
{
tidy.accept(this);
}
static class Framed extends FlushItem
{
final FrameEncoder.PayloadAllocator allocator;
Framed(Channel channel,
Envelope response,
Envelope request,
FrameEncoder.PayloadAllocator allocator,
Consumer> tidy)
{
super(Kind.FRAMED, channel, response, request, tidy);
this.allocator = allocator;
}
}
static class Unframed extends FlushItem
{
Unframed(Channel channel, Response response, Envelope request, Consumer> tidy)
{
super(Kind.UNFRAMED, channel, response, request, tidy);
}
}
}
static Flusher legacy(EventLoop loop)
{
return new LegacyFlusher(loop);
}
static Flusher immediate(EventLoop loop)
{
return new ImmediateFlusher(loop);
}
protected final EventLoop eventLoop;
private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue> queued = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
protected final AtomicBoolean scheduled = new AtomicBoolean(false);
protected final List> processed = new ArrayList<>();
private final HashSet channels = new HashSet<>();
private final Map payloads = new HashMap<>();
void start()
{
if (!scheduled.get() && scheduled.compareAndSet(false, true))
{
this.eventLoop.execute(this);
}
}
private Flusher(EventLoop eventLoop)
{
this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
}
void enqueue(FlushItem item)
{
queued.add(item);
}
FlushItem poll()
{
return queued.poll();
}
boolean isEmpty()
{
return queued.isEmpty();
}
private void processUnframedResponse(FlushItem.Unframed flush)
{
flush.channel.write(flush.response, flush.channel.voidPromise());
channels.add(flush.channel);
}
private void processFramedResponse(FlushItem.Framed flush)
{
Envelope outbound = flush.response;
if (envelopeSize(outbound.header) >= MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
{
flushLargeMessage(flush.channel, outbound, flush.allocator);
}
else
{
payloads.computeIfAbsent(flush.channel, channel -> new FlushBuffer(channel, flush.allocator, 5))
.add(flush.response);
}
}
private void flushLargeMessage(Channel channel, Envelope outbound, FrameEncoder.PayloadAllocator allocator)
{
FrameEncoder.Payload payload;
ByteBuffer buf;
ByteBuf body = outbound.body;
boolean firstFrame = true;
// Highly unlikely that the body of a large message would be empty, but the check is cheap
while (body.readableBytes() > 0 || firstFrame)
{
int payloadSize = Math.min(body.readableBytes(), MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
payload = allocator.allocate(false, payloadSize);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
{
logger.trace("Allocated initial buffer of {} for 1 large item",
FBUtilities.prettyPrintMemory(payload.buffer.capacity()));
}
buf = payload.buffer;
// BufferPool may give us a buffer larger than we asked for.
// FrameEncoder may object if buffer.remaining is >= MAX_SIZE.
if (payloadSize >= MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
buf.limit(MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
if (firstFrame)
{
outbound.encodeHeaderInto(buf);
firstFrame = false;
}
int remaining = Math.min(buf.remaining(), body.readableBytes());
if (remaining > 0)
buf.put(body.slice(body.readerIndex(), remaining).nioBuffer());
body.readerIndex(body.readerIndex() + remaining);
writeAndFlush(channel, payload);
}
}
private void writeAndFlush(Channel channel, FrameEncoder.Payload payload)
{
// we finish, but not "release" here since we're passing the buffer ownership to FrameEncoder#encode
payload.finish();
channel.writeAndFlush(payload, channel.voidPromise());
}
protected boolean processQueue()
{
boolean doneWork = false;
FlushItem flush;
while ((flush = poll()) != null)
{
if (flush.kind == FlushItem.Kind.FRAMED)
processFramedResponse((FlushItem.Framed) flush);
else
processUnframedResponse((FlushItem.Unframed) flush);
processed.add(flush);
doneWork = true;
}
return doneWork;
}
protected void flushWrittenChannels()
{
// flush the channels pre-V5 to which messages were written in writeSingleResponse
for (Channel channel : channels)
channel.flush();
// Framed messages (V5) are grouped by channel, now encode them into payloads, write and flush
for (FlushBuffer buffer : payloads.values())
buffer.finish();
// Ultimately, this passes the flush item to the Consumer configured in
// whichever Dispatcher.FlushItemConverter implementation created it. Due to the quite
// different ways in which resource allocation is handled in protocol V5 and later
// there are distinct implementations for V5 and pre-V5 connections:
// * o.a.c.t.CQLMessageHandler::toFlushItem for V5, which relates to FlushItem.Framed.
// * o.a.c.t.PreV5Handlers.LegacyDispatchHandler::toFlushItem, relating to FlushItem.Unframed
// In both cases, the Consumer releases the buffers for the source envelope and returns the
// capacity claimed for message processing back to the global and per-endpoint reserves.
// Those reserves are used to determine if capacity is available for any inbound message
// or whether we should attempt to shed load or apply backpressure.
// The response buffers are handled differently though. In V5, CQL message envelopes are
// collated into frames, and so their buffers can be released immediately after flushing.
// In V4 however, the buffers containing each CQL envelope are emitted from Envelope.Encoder
// and so releasing them is handled by Netty internally.
for (FlushItem item : processed)
item.release();
payloads.clear();
channels.clear();
processed.clear();
}
private class FlushBuffer extends ArrayList
{
private final Channel channel;
private final FrameEncoder.PayloadAllocator allocator;
private int sizeInBytes = 0;
FlushBuffer(Channel channel, FrameEncoder.PayloadAllocator allocator, int initialCapacity)
{
super(initialCapacity);
this.channel = channel;
this.allocator = allocator;
}
public boolean add(Envelope toFlush)
{
sizeInBytes += envelopeSize(toFlush.header);
return super.add(toFlush);
}
private FrameEncoder.Payload allocate(int requiredBytes, int maxItems)
{
int bufferSize = Math.min(requiredBytes, MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
FrameEncoder.Payload payload = allocator.allocate(true, bufferSize);
// BufferPool may give us a buffer larger than we asked for.
// FrameEncoder may object if buffer.remaining is >= MAX_SIZE.
if (payload.remaining() >= MAX_FRAMED_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
payload.buffer.limit(payload.buffer.position() + bufferSize);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
{
logger.trace("Allocated initial buffer of {} for up to {} items",
FBUtilities.prettyPrintMemory(payload.buffer.capacity()),
maxItems);
}
return payload;
}
public void finish()
{
int messageSize;
int writtenBytes = 0;
int messagesToWrite = this.size();
FrameEncoder.Payload sending = allocate(sizeInBytes, messagesToWrite);
for (Envelope f : this)
{
messageSize = envelopeSize(f.header);
if (sending.remaining() < messageSize)
{
writeAndFlush(channel, sending);
sending = allocate(sizeInBytes - writtenBytes, messagesToWrite);
}
f.encodeInto(sending.buffer);
writtenBytes += messageSize;
messagesToWrite--;
}
writeAndFlush(channel, sending);
}
}
private static final class LegacyFlusher extends Flusher
{
int runsSinceFlush = 0;
int runsWithNoWork = 0;
private LegacyFlusher(EventLoop eventLoop)
{
super(eventLoop);
}
public void run()
{
boolean doneWork = processQueue();
runsSinceFlush++;
if (!doneWork || runsSinceFlush > 2 || processed.size() > 50)
{
flushWrittenChannels();
runsSinceFlush = 0;
}
if (doneWork)
{
runsWithNoWork = 0;
}
else
{
// either reschedule or cancel
if (++runsWithNoWork > 5)
{
scheduled.set(false);
if (isEmpty() || !scheduled.compareAndSet(false, true))
return;
}
}
eventLoop.schedule(this, 10000, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
}
}
private static final class ImmediateFlusher extends Flusher
{
private ImmediateFlusher(EventLoop eventLoop)
{
super(eventLoop);
}
public void run()
{
scheduled.set(false);
try
{
processQueue();
}
finally
{
flushWrittenChannels();
}
}
}
}
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