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Apache Commons BeanUtils provides an easy-to-use but flexible wrapper around reflection and introspection.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.beanutils2;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * 
 * Minimal implementation of the {@code DynaClass} interface. Can be used as a convenience base class for more sophisticated implementations.
 * 
 * 
 * IMPLEMENTATION NOTE - The {@code DynaBean} implementation class supplied to our constructor MUST have a one-argument constructor of its own
 * that accepts a {@code DynaClass}. This is used to associate the DynaBean instance with this DynaClass.
 * 
 */
public class BasicDynaClass implements DynaClass {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * The method signature of the constructor we will use to create new DynaBean instances.
     */
    private static final Class[] CONSTRUCTOR_TYPES = { DynaClass.class };

    /**
     * The constructor of the {@code dynaBeanClass} that we will use for creating new instances.
     */
    protected transient Constructor constructor;

    /**
     * The argument values to be passed to the constructor we will use to create new DynaBean instances.
     */
    protected Object[] constructorValues = { this };

    /**
     * The {@code DynaBean} implementation class we will use for creating new instances.
     */
    protected Class dynaBeanClass = BasicDynaBean.class;

    /**
     * The "name" of this DynaBean class.
     */
    protected String name = this.getClass().getName();

    /**
     * The set of dynamic properties that are part of this DynaClass.
     */
    protected DynaProperty[] properties = DynaProperty.EMPTY_ARRAY;

    /**
     * The set of dynamic properties that are part of this DynaClass, keyed by the property name. Individual descriptor instances will be the same instances as
     * those in the {@code properties} list.
     */
    protected HashMap propertiesMap = new HashMap<>();

    /**
     * Constructs a new BasicDynaClass with default parameters.
     */
    public BasicDynaClass() {
        this(null, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new BasicDynaClass with the specified parameters.
     *
     * @param name          Name of this DynaBean class
     * @param dynaBeanClass The implementation class for new instances
     */
    public BasicDynaClass(final String name, final Class dynaBeanClass) {
        this(name, dynaBeanClass, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new BasicDynaClass with the specified parameters.
     *
     * @param name          Name of this DynaBean class
     * @param dynaBeanClass The implementation class for new instances
     * @param properties    Property descriptors for the supported properties
     */
    public BasicDynaClass(final String name, Class dynaBeanClass, final DynaProperty[] properties) {
        if (name != null) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        if (dynaBeanClass == null) {
            dynaBeanClass = BasicDynaBean.class;
        }
        setDynaBeanClass(dynaBeanClass);
        if (properties != null) {
            setProperties(properties);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Class object we will use to create new instances in the {@code newInstance()} method. This Class MUST implement the
     * {@code DynaBean} interface.
     *
     * @return The class of the {@link DynaBean}
     */
    public Class getDynaBeanClass() {
        return this.dynaBeanClass;
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Return an array of {@code PropertyDescriptor} for the properties currently defined in this DynaClass. If no properties are defined, a zero-length array
     * will be returned.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * FIXME - Should we really be implementing {@code getBeanInfo()} instead, which returns property descriptors and a bunch of other stuff?
     * 
     *
     * @return the set of properties for this DynaClass
     */
    @Override
    public DynaProperty[] getDynaProperties() {
        return properties.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Gets a property descriptor for the specified property, if it exists; otherwise, return {@code null}.
     *
     * @param name Name of the dynamic property for which a descriptor is requested
     * @return The descriptor for the specified property
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no property name is specified
     */
    @Override
    public DynaProperty getDynaProperty(final String name) {
        return propertiesMap.get(Objects.requireNonNull(name, "name"));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the name of this DynaClass (analogous to the {@code getName()} method of {@link Class}, which allows the same {@code DynaClass} implementation class
     * to support different dynamic classes, with different sets of properties.
     *
     * @return the name of the DynaClass
     */
    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate and return a new DynaBean instance, associated with this DynaClass.
     *
     * @return A new {@code DynaBean} instance
     * @throws IllegalAccessException if the Class or the appropriate constructor is not accessible
     * @throws InstantiationException if this Class represents an abstract class, an array class, a primitive type, or void; or if instantiation fails for some
     *                                other reason
     */
    @Override
    public DynaBean newInstance() throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
        try {
            // Refind the constructor after a deserialization (if needed)
            if (constructor == null) {
                setDynaBeanClass(this.dynaBeanClass);
            }
            // Invoke the constructor to create a new bean instance
            return (DynaBean) constructor.newInstance(constructorValues);
        } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new InstantiationException(e.getTargetException().getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Class object we will use to create new instances in the {@code newInstance()} method. This Class MUST implement the
     * {@code DynaBean} interface.
     *
     * @param dynaBeanClass The new Class object
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified Class does not implement the {@code DynaBean} interface
     */
    protected void setDynaBeanClass(final Class dynaBeanClass) {
        // Validate the argument type specified
        if (dynaBeanClass.isInterface()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class " + dynaBeanClass.getName() + " is an interface, not a class");
        }
        if (!DynaBean.class.isAssignableFrom(dynaBeanClass)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class " + dynaBeanClass.getName() + " does not implement DynaBean");
        }

        // Identify the Constructor we will use in newInstance()
        try {
            this.constructor = dynaBeanClass.getConstructor(CONSTRUCTOR_TYPES);
        } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class " + dynaBeanClass.getName() + " does not have an appropriate constructor");
        }
        this.dynaBeanClass = dynaBeanClass;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the list of dynamic properties supported by this DynaClass.
     *
     * @param properties List of dynamic properties to be supported
     */
    protected void setProperties(final DynaProperty[] properties) {
        this.properties = Objects.requireNonNull(properties, "properties");
        propertiesMap.clear();
        for (final DynaProperty property : properties) {
            propertiesMap.put(property.getName(), property);
        }
    }

}