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Apache Commons BeanUtils provides an easy-to-use but flexible wrapper around reflection and introspection.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.beanutils2.sql;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.DynaBean;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.DynaClass;

/**
 * 
 * Implements {@link DynaClass} for DynaBeans that wrap the {@code java.sql.Row objects of a java.sql.ResultSet}. The normal usage pattern is
 * something like:
 * 

 *
 *  *   ResultSet rs = ...;
 *   ResultSetDynaClass rsdc = new ResultSetDynaClass(rs);
 *   Iterator rows = rsdc.iterator();
 *   while (rows.hasNext())  {
 *     DynaBean row = (DynaBean) rows.next();
 *     ... process this row ...
 *   }
 *   rs.close();
 * 
 *
 * 
 * Each column in the result set will be represented as a DynaBean property of the corresponding name (optionally forced to lower case for portability).
 * 
 *
 * 
 * WARNING - Any {@link DynaBean} instance returned by this class, or from the {@code Iterator} returned by the {@code iterator()} method, is
 * directly linked to the row that the underlying result set is currently positioned at. This has the following implications:
 * 
 * 
 * Once you retrieve a different {@link DynaBean} instance, you should no longer use any previous instance.
 * Changing the position of the underlying result set will change the data that the {@link DynaBean} references.
 * Once the underlying result set is closed, the {@link DynaBean} instance may no longer be used.
 * 
 *
 * 
 * Any database data that you wish to utilize outside the context of the current row of an open result set must be copied. For example, you could use the
 * following code to create standalone copies of the information in a result set:
 * 
 *
 *  *   List results = new ArrayList(); // To hold copied list
 *   ResultSetDynaClass rsdc = ...;
 *   DynaProperty[] properties = rsdc.getDynaProperties();
 *   BasicDynaClass bdc =
 *     new BasicDynaClass("foo", BasicDynaBean.class,
 *                        rsdc.getDynaProperties());
 *   Iterator rows = rsdc.iterator();
 *   while (rows.hasNext()) {
 *     DynaBean oldRow = (DynaBean) rows.next();
 *     DynaBean newRow = bdc.newInstance();
 *     PropertyUtils.copyProperties(newRow, oldRow);
 *     results.add(newRow);
 *   }
 * 
 */
public class ResultSetDynaClass extends AbstractJdbcDynaClass {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * 
     * The {@code ResultSet} we are wrapping.
     * 
     */
    protected ResultSet resultSet;

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new ResultSetDynaClass for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to column names in the result set will be lower
     * cased.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public ResultSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, true);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new ResultSetDynaClass for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will be
     * lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * WARNING - If you specify {@code false} for {@code lowerCase}, the returned property names will exactly match the column names returned
     * by your JDBC driver. Because different drivers might return column names in different cases, the property names seen by your application will vary
     * depending on which JDBC driver you are using.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase Should property names be lower cased?
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public ResultSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, lowerCase, false);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new ResultSetDynaClass for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will be
     * lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * WARNING - If you specify {@code false} for {@code lowerCase}, the returned property names will exactly match the column names returned
     * by your JDBC driver. Because different drivers might return column names in different cases, the property names seen by your application will vary
     * depending on which JDBC driver you are using.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet      The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase      Should property names be lower cased?
     * @param useColumnLabel true if the column label should be used, otherwise false
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     * @since 1.8.3
     */
    public ResultSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase, final boolean useColumnLabel) throws SQLException {
        this.resultSet = Objects.requireNonNull(resultSet, "resultSet");
        this.lowerCase = lowerCase;
        setUseColumnLabel(useColumnLabel);
        introspect(resultSet);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a value from the {@link ResultSet} for the specified property name.
     *
     * @param name The property name
     * @return The value
     * @throws SQLException if an error occurs
     * @since 1.8.0
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource") // getResultSet() does not allocate.
    public Object getObjectFromResultSet(final String name) throws SQLException {
        return getObject(getResultSet(), name);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Gets the result set we are wrapping.
     * 
     */
    ResultSet getResultSet() {
        return this.resultSet;
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Return an {@code Iterator} of {@link DynaBean} instances for each row of the wrapped {@code ResultSet}, in "forward" order. Unless the underlying result
     * set supports scrolling, this method should be called only once.
     * 
     *
     * @return An {@code Iterator} of {@link DynaBean} instances
     */
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new ResultSetIterator(this);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Loads the class of the given name which by default uses the class loader used to load this library. Derivations of this class could implement alternative
     * class loading policies such as using custom ClassLoader or using the Threads's context class loader etc.
     * 
     *
     * @param className The name of the class to load
     * @return The loaded class
     * @throws SQLException if the class cannot be loaded
     */
    @Override
    protected Class loadClass(final String className) throws SQLException {
        try {
            return getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
        } catch (final Exception e) {
            throw new SQLException("Cannot load column class '" + className + "': " + e);
        }
    }
}