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Apache Commons BeanUtils provides an easy-to-use but flexible wrapper around reflection and introspection.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.beanutils2.sql;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.BasicDynaBean;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.DynaBean;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.DynaClass;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils2.DynaProperty;

/**
 * 
 * Implements {@link DynaClass} to create an in-memory collection of {@link DynaBean}s representing the results of an SQL query. Once the {@link DynaClass}
 * instance has been created, the JDBC {@code ResultSet} and {@code Statement} on which it is based can be closed, and the underlying {@code Connection} can be
 * returned to its connection pool (if you are using one).
 * 
 *
 * 
 * The normal usage pattern is something like:
 * 
 *
 *  *   Connection conn = ...;  // Acquire connection from pool
 *   Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
 *   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT ...");
 *   RowSetDynaClass rsdc = new RowSetDynaClass(rs);
 *   rs.close();
 *   stmt.close();
 *   ...;                    // Return connection to pool
 *   List rows = rsdc.getRows();
 *   ...;                   // Process the rows as desired
 * 
 *
 * 
 * Each column in the result set will be represented as a {@link DynaBean} property of the corresponding name (optionally forced to lower case for portability).
 * There will be one {@link DynaBean} in the {@code List returned by getRows()} for each row in the original {@code ResultSet}.
 * 

 *
 * 
 * In general, instances of {@link RowSetDynaClass} can be serialized and deserialized, which will automatically include the list of {@link DynaBean}s
 * representing the data content. The only exception to this rule would be when the underlying property values that were copied from the {@code ResultSet}
 * originally cannot themselves be serialized. Therefore, a {@link RowSetDynaClass} makes a very convenient mechanism for transporting data sets to remote
 * Java-based application components.
 * 
 */
public class RowSetDynaClass extends AbstractJdbcDynaClass {

    /**
     * 
     * Limits the size of the returned list. The call to {@code getRows()} will return at most limit number of rows. If less than or equal to 0, does not limit
     * the size of the result.
     */
    protected int limit = -1;

    /**
     * 

     * The list of {@link DynaBean}s representing the contents of the original {@code ResultSet} on which this {@link RowSetDynaClass} was based.
     * 
     */
    protected List rows = new ArrayList<>();

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to column names in the result set will be
     * lower cased.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, true, -1);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will
     * be lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * If {@code limit is not less than 0, max limit} number of rows will be copied into the resultset.
     *
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase Should property names be lower cased?
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, lowerCase, -1);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will
     * be lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * WARNING - If you specify {@code false} for {@code lowerCase}, the returned property names will exactly match the column names returned
     * by your JDBC driver. Because different drivers might return column names in different cases, the property names seen by your application will vary
     * depending on which JDBC driver you are using.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet      The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase      Should property names be lower cased?
     * @param useColumnLabel true if the column label should be used, otherwise false
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     * @since 1.8.3
     */
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase, final boolean useColumnLabel) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, lowerCase, -1, useColumnLabel);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will
     * be lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * WARNING - If you specify {@code false} for {@code lowerCase}, the returned property names will exactly match the column names returned
     * by your JDBC driver. Because different drivers might return column names in different cases, the property names seen by your application will vary
     * depending on which JDBC driver you are using.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase Should property names be lower cased?
     * @param limit     Maximum limit for the {@code List} of {@link DynaBean}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase, final int limit) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, lowerCase, limit, false);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to the column names in the result set will
     * be lower cased or not, depending on the specified {@code lowerCase} value.
     * 
     *
     * 
     * WARNING - If you specify {@code false} for {@code lowerCase}, the returned property names will exactly match the column names returned
     * by your JDBC driver. Because different drivers might return column names in different cases, the property names seen by your application will vary
     * depending on which JDBC driver you are using.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet      The result set to be wrapped
     * @param lowerCase      Should property names be lower cased?
     * @param limit          Maximum limit for the {@code List} of {@link DynaBean}
     * @param useColumnLabel true if the column label should be used, otherwise false
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     * @since 1.8.3
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource") // resultSet is not allocated here
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final boolean lowerCase, final int limit, final boolean useColumnLabel) throws SQLException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(resultSet, "resultSet");
        this.lowerCase = lowerCase;
        this.limit = limit;
        setUseColumnLabel(useColumnLabel);
        introspect(resultSet);
        copy(resultSet);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Constructs a new {@link RowSetDynaClass} for the specified {@code ResultSet}. The property names corresponding to column names in the result set will be
     * lower cased.
     * 
     *
     * If {@code limit is not less than 0, max limit} number of rows will be copied into the list.
     *
     * @param resultSet The result set to be wrapped
     * @param limit     The maximum for the size of the result.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code resultSet} is {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException         if the metadata for this result set cannot be introspected
     */
    public RowSetDynaClass(final ResultSet resultSet, final int limit) throws SQLException {
        this(resultSet, true, limit);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Copy the column values for each row in the specified {@code ResultSet} into a newly created {@link DynaBean}, and add this bean to the list of
     * {@link DynaBean}s that will later by returned by a call to {@code getRows()}.
     * 
     *
     * @param resultSet The {@code ResultSet} whose data is to be copied
     * @throws SQLException if an error is encountered copying the data
     */
    protected void copy(final ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
        int cnt = 0;
        while (resultSet.next() && (limit < 0 || cnt++ < limit)) {
            final DynaBean bean = createDynaBean();
            for (final DynaProperty property : properties) {
                final String name = property.getName();
                final Object value = getObject(resultSet, name);
                bean.set(name, value);
            }
            rows.add(bean);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Create and return a new {@link DynaBean} instance to be used for representing a row in the underlying result set.
     * 
     *
     * @return A new {@code DynaBean} instance
     */
    protected DynaBean createDynaBean() {
        return new BasicDynaBean(this);
    }

    /**
     * 
     * Gets a {@code List} containing the {@link DynaBean}s that represent the contents of each {@code Row} from the {@code ResultSet} that was the basis of
     * this {@link RowSetDynaClass} instance. These {@link DynaBean}s are disconnected from the database itself, so there is no problem with modifying the
     * contents of the list, or the values of the properties of these {@link DynaBean}s. However, it is the application's responsibility to persist any such
     * changes back to the database, if it so desires.
     * 
     *
     * @return A {@code List} of {@link DynaBean} instances
     */
    public List getRows() {
        return this.rows;
    }

}